基础复习Junior Book Ⅱ
(Unit 15-26)
一．知识网络
【重点内容概要】
1．应答与邀请
2．简单句的五种基本句型
3．情态动词can，may，must的用法
4．When，before，after等连词引导的时间状语从句和if引导的条件状语从句
5．Have to的用法
6．系动词
7．不定式作宾语的用法
8．不定代词的用法
9．表示容量的词和食品名称连用，以说明食品的数量
10．交际项目：1）问路和指路2）禁止和警告3）看病
11．理解并运用并列句
12．形容词和副词的比较级，以及它们之间等级的转换
13．冠词的用法
14．过去进行时用法
15．表示祝贺、祝愿、劝告和建议的交际用语，以及表示“确信”的基本句型
常考题型：选择题、句型转换及用所给词的适当形式填空
【句型、词组精讲】
1. Could you ask him to call me, please? 请你让他给我回电话好吗？
ask sb. to do sth. 请某人做某事，ask sb. not to do sth.请某人不要做某事。不定式在句中作宾语补足语。适用于该句型的动词还有want, tell, like, would like, teach等。如：The teacher asked Sam not to be late. 老师叫萨姆不要迟到。Liu Ying told me to wait for her at home. 刘英让我在家里等她。Mr. Zhang often teaches his Japanese friends to cook Chinese food. 张先生常常教他的日本朋友做中国菜。
2. But there were not enough people to pick them. 但是他们没有足够多的人来摘苹果。
enough在此是形容词，意为“足够的”，它修饰名词时，通常放在名词之前，有时放在名词之后。
enough作副词修饰形容词和副词时，放在它们的后面。如：
The boy is old enough to go to school. 这个男孩到了上学的年龄了。
He didn’t run fast enough to catch the bus. 他跑的不够快，没有赶上公共汽车。
3. They needed to climb up the trees with ladders. 他们需要梯子来爬上树。
need在本句中为实义动词，其后可接不定式或名词。如：
He needs to see a doctor. 他需要去看医生。
We need some more water. Could you get some for us? 我们还需要些水。你能为我们弄些吗？
climb up意为“爬上”，up在此为介词。如：
Don’t climb up the hill. 不要爬山。
with 是“用，借助”的含义。如：
We see with our eyes and hear with our ears. 我们用眼睛看，用耳朵听。
4. It’s best to wear cool clothes. 最好穿凉快的衣服。
It’s best to do sth. 意为“最好去做某事”。这里的it为形式主语，真正的主语为to do sth. 如：
It’s best to get there before 8 o’clock. 最好八点钟以前赶到。
5. The farmers are all busy getting ready for the next year. 农民们正忙着为下一年做准备。
be busy doing sth. “忙于做某事”。如：The farmers are busy picking apples. （=The farmers are busy with the apple harvest.）
get ready for“为……做准备”，类似的短语还有：get ready to do“准备做……”；get sth. ready“把某事准备好”； …be ready “……准备好了”。如：I'm getting ready for the new lesson. 我正在为新课做准备。Get your books ready. 准备好你们的书。Supper is ready. 晚饭准备好了。
6. “I’m here!” said Jim. “And so is Polly!” “我在这！”吉姆说。“波利也来了！”
“so + be (have，助动词)+主语”结构为倒装语序，表示前句所述的情况也适合于另一个人或事。如：
He can speak English, so can I. 他会讲英语，我也会。
—I watched the TV programme last night. 昨天晚上我看了那个电视节目。
—So did I. 我也看了。
注意此结构中，前后两后的主语是两个人或物，后一句的时态必须和前一句保持一致，但人称和数则应与后句主语保持一致。
比较：so+主语+be动词（助动词、情态动词），此结构常常就前面提到的事实予以确认或赞同，意为“的确如此”、“是呀”等。如：
—It’s your turn. 轮到你了。
—So it is. 是的，轮到我了。
7. I’m going to get it back. 我准备把它取回来。
get …back…为“动词+副词”类短语。代词作宾语时要放在动词与副词中间。类似的短语还有：pick up, ring up, find out, turn on (off, up, down)等。如：
The radio is too noisy, please turn it down. 收音机太吵闹，请把它（声音）调低些。
If you don’t know the meaning of the word, please look it up in a dictionary. 如果你不知道这个单词的含义，请在辞典里查一下。
8. It takes sb. some time to do sth.
这是一个重要句型，意思是“某人花费一些时间做某事”，可根据需要用不同的时态。如：
It took me half an hour to go to school by bike yesterday. 有时这个句型可以和spend句型转换。如上面这一句也可以说：I spent half an hour (in) going to school by bike yesterday.
9. It is nice +V-ing.
这个句型也可以说成It is nice to do. 意思是“做……真好”。如：It was nice talking to you. （和你谈话真高兴。）It’s nice of you to ask me to your party. （谢谢你请我参加你的晚会）.
10. There’s something wrong with….
这个句型表示“……出了毛病了”。就等于Something is wrong with…. 句型。如将something换为nothing, 则表示“没出什么事儿”。如：There’s something wrong with my nose. There’s nothing wrong with her.
11. There he is!
这是个倒装句型，把所强调部分there提到了句首。如果主语是代词则用There (Here) + 代词+谓语；如果主语是名词，则用There (Here) +谓语+名词。如：Here comes Li Lei. （李雷来了）。There goes the bell. （铃声响了。）Here it is. （它在这儿。）
12. until
与till同义，既可用作介词又可用作连词。它常用于以下两种句型：
（1）用于肯定句时，意思是“直到……为止”，句子谓语一般用延续性动词（如stay, live, work, study等），表示动作一直延续到until所表示的时间为止。如：
He listened to the radio until his father came back. 他听收音机，直到他父亲回来为止。
He will be here until Sunday. 他将在这儿一直呆到星期天。
（2）用于否定句时，意思是“在……以前（before）”，“直到……才”，句子谓语一般是短暂动词（如come, die, leave等），它所表示的动作直到until所表示的时间才发生。如：
I didn’t go to bed until eleven o’clock last night. 昨晚我直到十一点才睡觉。
The students will not begin the meeting until their teacher comes. 学生们等老师到了才开会。
until与till可换用，不过，口语中常用till，正式文体中常用until。
13. interest, interested, interesting.
这三个词都与“兴趣”有关。interest作动词时，要求“人”作宾语。如：This new invention will interest you. 这项新发明会引起你的兴趣。它作名词时，所构成的词组是place of interest（名胜）。interested是过去分词表示人的感觉，现在常用作形容词，构成的句式是“be (become) interested in”来表示主语“对……感兴趣”之意，要求主语是“人”。如：I am interested in English. interesting是现在分词，表示事物具有能引起人们的某种感觉的能力。其意思是“有趣味的”，常用作形容词，可作定语和表语。其主语通常是事或物。如：interesting games can always make children happy.（有趣味的游戏总能使孩子们快乐。）The story is interesting.
14. instead, instead of
instead是副词，含“代替；更换”之意，可理解为instead of的省略，避免不必要的重复，省略的部分是介词of及其宾语，常放在句末。如：Mr. Black is ill, so Miss Green is talking his class instead (of him). instead of是个复合介词，它后面可接名词、代词、V-ing形式等。如：I’ll go to bed instead of watching TV. 我将睡觉，而不看电视。
【口语回顾】
1. Could I speak to…，please?
电话术语，意为“我可以和……通话吗？找……接电话好吗？”句中Could 还可替换为Can或May。如：
—Hello, could (can/ may) I speak to Mr. Brown, please? 你好，请布朗先生接电话好吗？
—Yes, just a minute, please. 当然，请稍等一下。
2. I’m afraid.
委婉用语。用于礼貌地拒绝某人或对其发生或将要发生的不幸表示惋惜。意为“抱歉，对不起，恐怕”。如：
I can’t come to supper, I’m afraid. 恐怕我不能去吃晚饭了。
—Can you go with us now? 你现在能同我们一起去吗？
—I’m afraid not. 对不起，我不能。
—Are we late? 我们晚了吗？
—I’m afraid so. 恐怕是的。
3. It’s a pleasure.
用于回答感谢之类的话的客套用语。意为“能帮上你的忙我很高兴；不客气；不用谢。”它还可表达为It’s my pleasure/ My pleasure / A pleasure. 如：
—Thank you very much for passing the message on to him! 非常感谢你把口信传给了他！
—It’s a pleasure! 请别客气！
—Thanks for helping me yesterday! 多谢你昨天帮助我！
—My pleasure! Nice to see you again. 不用谢！很高兴又见到你！
4. Can I take a message for you?
询问对方是否愿意留下口信可用此句式。意为“我给你带个口信，好吗？”类似的表达还有：May I take a message for you? / Would you like to leave a message?
5. by the way.
常用作插入语。用于提出一个新的话题或提起一件已经忘记的事，意为“顺便说一下，顺便问一下，且说，另外”等。如：
—By the way, there was a telephone call for you. 对啦，有你一个电话。
6. What’s the weather like…？
此句式用于询问某地或某时天气如何，意为：“……的天气如何？”。还可表达为How is (the) weather…？如：
—What’s the weather like in Beijing now? 现在北京天气如何？
—It’s nice and cool. 很凉爽。
7. I think so.
有保留地同意或赞同别人的意见或看法时，可用此语。如：
—Can you mend the bike? 你能修理这辆自行车吗？
—Yes, I think so. 我想可以。
直截了当地表达不同意见，可用I don’t think so或I think not。如：
—Can you mend a clock?
—Sorry, I don’t think so.
8. Would you like to…？
发出邀请的常见句式，带有商量、询问、试探性的口气，意为“你愿意……吗？”应答时常用：Yes, I’d love (like) to. 是的，我很乐意。I’d love to, but ……我很愿意，不过……。如：
—Would you like to come for dinner tonight?
—Thank you, I’d love to.
—Would you like to come to the party tonight?
—I’d love to, but I’m too busy.
9. What can I do for you?
商店售货员、报务员等招呼顾客的礼貌用语，也用于表示主动关心和愿意帮助别人用语。不同场合可以有不同的译法。类似的表达还有：Can (May) I help you? / Is there anything I can do for you? 在向顾客打招呼时，后面还可以加“sir”或“madam”。对它的应答可以说：Yes, please/ Yes, I’d like to…/ Yes, I’m looking for…/ Yes, I want to…。如：
—What can I do for you?
—I want to buy a sweater for my son.
—Can I help you?
—I’d like a new skirt. Please show me the red one.
10. Help oneself (to…).
这是招待客人时常用的交际用语。意思是“请随便（吃……）”。如：Xiao Wang, help yourself to some bananas.（小王，请随便吃香蕉吧。）Children, help yourselves to some apples.（孩子们，请随便吃些苹果吧。）
11. 问路与指路
(1) 问路：
a. Where’s the (nearest)…，please?
b. Is there a…near there?
c. Which is the way to…, please?
d. How can I get to…?
e. Do you tell me the way to…?
f. Can you tell me the way to…?
g. Can you tell me how to get to…?
h. I want to go to…. Do you know the way?
i. I’m looking for…. Where is it, do you know?
(2) 指路：可根据具体情况，将下列有关句子组织起来。
a. It’s over there.
b. It’s behind (next to, in front of, near, outside) the…
c. Walk along the road (street).
d. Take the first (second等) turning on the left. (right).
e. It’s about…metres along on the right (left).
f. Walk on and turn right. (left).
g. Turn right (left) at the traffic lights. You’ll find the…on your right (left).
h. Go on until you reach the end of the road. You will see the…in front of you.
i. Go down this road until you reach the first traffic lights. Turn left at the end of the road you’ll see the…. You can’t miss it.
另外，在“问路”时，如对方不知道，问路人仍要向他表示谢意。如：
—Excuse me. Is there a post office near here?
—Sorry. I don’t know. You’d better ask a policeman.
—Thank you all the same.
【语法精讲】
疑问句 感叹句 简单并列复合句 情态动词
否定疑问句
否定疑问句的结构一般为：助动词（或情态动词、连系动词）与not的缩写形式+主语+其它成分?也可写成：
助动词（或情态动词、连系动词）+主语+ not + 其它成分?这种问句表达的含义主要有以下几种。
一、表示惊讶或提出反问。译为：“难道不……吗？”说话人指望对方作出肯定回答，或深信自己所说的话，以致不需要对方作出答复。如：
Don't you believe me? (Do you not believe me?)你不相信我？
Don't you hear of it? (Do you not hear of it?)难道你没听说过它？
二、表示试探性的建议或有礼貌的邀请。如：
Don't you think it's too noisy? Please turn it down.你不觉得它太吵闹了吗？请把声音调低些。
Won't you have a cup of tea? 请喝杯茶如何？
三、表示提问人的怀疑。如：
Isn't he going? (Is he not going) 他不去了吗？
四、表示赞叹（相当于一个感叹句，朗读时一般用降调。）如：
Isn’t it a nice day? (Is it not a nice day?)这天气多么好啊！
Aren't the babies lovely? (Are the babies not lovely?)这些婴儿真可爱啊！
特殊形式的反意疑问句
一、当陈述部分为Ｉam…结构时，附加问句常用aren't. 如：
I am very busy , aren't I ?
二、当陈述句部分是there be 句型时，附加部分需用…there。如：
There isn't any bread on the plates, is there?
三、陈述句谓语动词为have时，有以下三种情况：
1.当have作“有”解时，用have或do的适当形式均可。
He has a daughter, hasn't/doesn't he?
2.当have 作“经历、遭受、得到、吃、喝”等解时，附加问句用do的适当形式。如：
They had noodles for lunch, didn't they?
3.当陈述句谓语动词含有 have to, has to, had to时，附加问句用do 的适当形式。如：
We have to get there at eight tomorrow, don't we?
Alice has to finish her work now, doesn't she?
四、当陈述部分有：few/little/never/hardly/nothing等表示否定意义的词时，附加问句通常用肯定形式。如：
He hardly hurt himself in the accident, did he?
The Canadian girl knows little Russian, does she?
Kate is never later for class, is she?
注：如果陈述部分带有否定意义的前、后缀如：un-/in-/im-/dis-/-less等构成的派生词，仍把该句看作肯定句，附加问句用否定形式。如：
The girl is unhappy, isn't she?
五、当陈述部分的主语是anybody, anyone, somebody, someone, everybody, everyone, no one, none, neither等词时，附加问句的主语一般用they, 有时也可用he。如：
Everyone knows the answers, don't they? /doesn't he?
六、当陈述句中主语是this, that, everything, anything, something, nothing等词时，附加问句的主语是it。如：
Something is wrong, isn't it?
Nothing can stop us now, can it?
七、当陈述部分含有had better时，附加问句的助动词用had；陈述部分含有would like时，附加问句的助动词用would。如：
You'd better have a rest, hadn't you?
He'd like to go, wouldn't he?
八、当陈述部分含有情态动词must时，附加问句部分要视must所表示的意义来定，有四种情况：
1．当must表示推测时，附加问句不用must，而是用must后面相呼应的助动词形式。如：
You must be very hungry, aren't you?
2．当must表示“应该“时，附加问句用mustn't。如：
We must work hard at Chinese, mustn't we?
3．当must表示“必须”时，附加问句用needn't。如：
You must see the doctor, needn't you?
4．当must表示“禁止”时，附加问句用must。如：
You mustn't do that again, must you?
九、祈使句的附加问句主要有以下四种情况：
１．以行为动词开头的祈使句，附加问句用will you 或won't you，有时也用would you, can you等。如
Give me a hand, will you?
2．否定的祈使句，附加问句一般用will you。如：
Don't play with the cat, will you？
3．以Let's开头的祈使句，附加问句用shall we。如：Let's have a meeting, shall we?
4．以Let us或Let me开头的祈使句，附加句用will you。如：
Let us help you, will you?
Let me do it for you, will you? (或may I?)
十、当陈述部分的主句是I think, I guess, I believe等结构时，附加问句的主谓语一般要与陈述部分宾语从句中的主谓语保持一致，并且要注意否定的转移。如：
I don't think he can finish the work, can he?
I guess she taught herself Japanese, didn't she?
十一、陈述部分是省略形式的感叹句，附加问句的主语与感叹句的主语保持一致。如：
What fine weather, isn't it?
What a clever boy, isn't he?
How cool the water is, isn't it?
十二、陈述部分主语是不定式、动名词或从句时，附加问句部分的主语用it。如：
To learn English well is very important, isn't it?
Doing morning exercises is good for your health, isn't it?
感叹句
1．感叹句由what或how引导，句末常用感叹号，用来表示喜、怒、哀、乐等强烈情感。
2．What引导感叹句时，在句中作定语修饰句中的名词，名词前常有形容词修饰。其结构为：
（1）What +a(an) +形容词+单数名词+主语+谓语！
（2）What +形容词+复数名词/不可数名词+主语+谓语！如：
What a nice picture it is! 多么好的一幅画啊！
What beautiful flowers they are! 多么漂亮的花啊！
What bad weather it is! 多么糟糕的天气啊！
3．How引导感叹句，在句中作状语修饰形容词、副词。其结构为：
（1）How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语！
（2）How+形容词+ a(an)+单数可数名词+主语+谓语！如：
How delicious they are! 它们多么好吃啊！
How well she is singing! 她唱得多么好啊！
How nice a day it is! 多么好的天气啊！
4．感叹句中主语和谓语总是放在句末，且为陈述句语序，即主语在前，谓语在后，放在前面的是强调的部分。在口语中，只要能将句意表达清楚明白，可将句中的主语、谓语省略，甚至How后面的强调部分也可省略。如：
What a happy baby (it is)! 多么快乐的婴儿啊！
How cold (it is)! 多冷的天气啊！
How (fast) time flies! 时间过得真快啊！
5．陈述句变感叹句时可按下列步骤进行：
（1）首先将陈述句在谓语后面断开。如：The tree is/ very tall. Lily is/ a good girl.
（2）在后一部分前加how或what。判断的依据是：如果后一部分的中心词是形容词或副词则加how，如果后一部分的中心词是名词要加what。然后将前后两部分位置进行调换，注意大小写及标点符号的调整。如：How tall the tree is! What a good girl Lily is!
注意：如果陈述句中的形容词或副词前有very, quite, so, too等程度副词修饰，变成感叹句后一定要去掉。
简单句 并列句 复合句分解
1. 简单句 由一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）构成的句子叫做简单句。
I go to school at 7:00 every day.（一个主语和一个谓语)
Wang Nan and Wang Fan sing and dance.（二个主语和二个谓语）
在初中阶段，我们应该掌握简单句的五种基本结构：
（1）主语＋谓语（Ｓ＋Ｖ）
We study hard for the people.
在这种结构中，谓语动词是不及物动词（vi.），其后不跟宾语。
（2）主语＋谓语＋宾语（Ｓ＋Ｖ＋Ｏ）
She speaks English.
They play basketball after class.
（3）主语＋连系动词＋表语（Ｓ＋Ｖ＋Ｐ）
Wang Hongji is a good student.
连系动词除be外，还有look（看上去），get（逐渐变得），turn（变成），feel（感觉），become（变成）等等。
（4）主语＋谓语＋间接宾语＋直接宾语（Ｓ＋Ｖ＋In O+DO）
She bought me a pen yesterday.
He has taught us English for 3 years.
这种结构可转化为“主语＋谓语＋直接宾语＋for (或to) +间接宾语”。如：She bought a pen for me yesterday.
（5）主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语（Ｓ＋Ｖ＋Ｏ＋OC）
We can keep it warm. They call me Lao Wang.
He asked me to help him with his English.
注意：在此结构中，宾语与宾语补足语之间的关系是逻辑上的“主谓”关系。
另外，有些简单句结构比较特殊，包含一个字 或一个成份。如：Good morning! Hello! Thanks! Happy New Year.等。
2．并列句 由并列连词（and, but, so, or等）把两个（或两个以上）简单句连在一起而构成的句子叫并列句。
He helps me and I help him.
We bought granny a present, but she didn't like it.
This is our first lesson, so I don't know all your names.
3.复合句 由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句所构成的句子称复合句。所谓“从句”就是充当一个句子成份的“主谓结构”。这个“主谓结构”在主句中作什么成份，就叫什么从句。比如，这个“结构”在主句中做状语，我们就把它叫做状语从句。这个“结构”在主句中做宾语，我们就把它叫做宾语从句，等等。从句须有一个引导词来引导。如：
You must see the doctor if you're ill.
主句 从句
此句中含有if（如果）引导的从句，表示条件，因为它在主句中作状语，所以，我们就把它叫做“条件状语从句”。在初中阶段，我们应该掌握状语从句和宾语从句。下面对状语从句作一归纳总结。
（1）时间状语从句：由表示时间的连词引导：when (当……时)， while（当……时候，与……同时），before（在……之前），after（在……之后），until（直到……为止），since（自从……以来），as soon as（一……就……）等。如：
When she reached home, she had a short rest.
（2）条件状语从句：由连词if引导。如：
If you eat old food, you may be ill.
需要说明的是，上述两种从句，如果主句是一般将来时（或含有将来的意思），那么，这两种从句中的谓语动词应用一般现在时。如：不能说If I will be free tomorrow, I will go to the cinema. 而应说 If I am free tomorrow, I will go to the cinema.
（3）原因状语从句：由because等词引导。如：
The children went to the farm, because the farmers needed some help.
注意：不能因为汉语中有“因为……，所以……”这样的关联词而译成英语“Because…,so…”,两者只用其中之一便可。如：不能说Because he is ill, so he can't come to school.而应说Because he is ill, he can't come to school.或He is ill, so he can't come to school.
（4）比较状语从句：由连词than, as…as…等引导。如：
Jim is older than I (am).
He runs as fast as Li Ping (does).
注意：由than, as…as…引导的状语从句中的谓语动词常常省略
（5）结果状语从句：由so…that…(如此……以致……)引导。如：
He became so angry that he couldn't speak.
另外，在so…that…引导的复合句中，如果that后的从句为否定句或含有否定意义，则常用“too…to…（太……而不能……）”改写为简单句。如上一句可改写为He became too angry to speak.
情态动词
特点
（1）本身有一定的词义。
（2）必须与后面动词原形一起构成谓语。
（3）无人称和数的变化。
（4）各种句式变化与含be动词句式变化相同。
1. can
（1）表示能力。如：
He can do it by himself.
Two eyes can see more than one.（谚语）
（2）表示允许。如：
Can I come in? You can go now.
在这种情况下，它与may意思接近，可换用，但问句中用may比用can语气委婉。
（3）与be able to在表示能力上意思接近，可换用，但be able to 有更多的时态，而can只有现在时和过去时。如：
No one can do it. (=No one is able to do it.)
Will you be able to come tonight? (不能说：Will you can come tonight?)
（4）其过去式could可用来比较委婉客气地提出问题或陈述看法。此时，could和can没时间上的差别。如：
Could (Can) you lend me your bike?
2. may
（1）请示许可。如：May I take this seat?
但在回答这种问句时，常避免用may这个词，而用其它方式。如：
肯定回答：Yes, please. Certainly.
否定回答：Please don't. No, you mustn't.
（2）谈论可能性。如：
He may know the answer.
She may not be there today.
3. must
（1）表示一种揣测（只有在肯定句中）。如：That must be Xiao Li.
（2）表示必要性。如：I must go now.
（3）与have to 很接近，但have to强调客观需要，must说明主观看法。比较：
I must tidy the room. (主观看法)
I have to tidy the room.（客观需要）
（4）在回答must的一般问句时，否定用needn't。如：
-Must we do it?
-Yes, you must. (No, you needn't)
4. have to 必须，不得不
这个情态动词与上述３个不同，它有第三人称单数形式has，并且各种句式的变化与含有行为动词的句式变化相同。如：They have to go there.
否定结构为：
They don't have to go there.
He has to look after his little brother.
一般问句为：Does he have to look after his little brother?
二．考试热点
1．通过大量的有关邀请、应允、打电话谈论天气、季节、喜好的对话，学会交际用语，此内容常见于中考的口语运用题。
2．掌握一般将来时will的用法，形容词与副词的用示及反意疑问句等，此内容常见于中考的书面表达题中。
3．要求掌握情态动词(can, may, must, need)、反身代词、不定代词的用法，其考点常出现在选择填空题中。
4．理解并掌握由when, before, after引导的时间状语从句；if引导的条件状语从句；and, but连接的并列句。其考点常出现在选择题或句型转换题中。
三．重难点突破
1．关于问路、指路和看病的常用句式是非常重要的交际用语，只要熟读，是容易掌握的。
2．情态动词事主动词，但它无人称代词和数的变化。在使用时，首先要依据语境和所表示的语气来区分。其次注意在疑问句中的否定回答。如：May I…？No，you mustn’t. Must I…？No，you needn’t.
3．when，after，before，if这四个词的用法如下：当它们连接时间（或条件）状语从句时，若主句为祈使句一般现在时或一般讲来时时，从句要用一般现在时表示讲来时。
4．until用法复杂，它分为两种情况使用：当它引导的复合句的主句谓语动词为终止性动词时，他要用否定形式，即not…until作“直到……才”解。它引导的从句时态要求与上述when的用法基本相同。
5．must与have to do用法区别：
must表示说话者的主观愿望，作“必须”解，它本身可以构成疑问句和否定句。而have to指客观要求，作“不得不”解。它有时态变化，不能直接构成疑问和否定。
6．stop doing表示“停止做…，而stop to do则表示“停下来(去)做(另外一件事)。”
7．neither...nor，either…or，both…and
neither．．．nor “既不……也不” ，连接主语时，谓语动词要与离谓语最近的主语保持人称和数的一致，同时它要修饰对等成分，它的反义词是both．．．and both．．．and "既……又” 连接主语时，谓语动词要用复数，必须修饰对等成分。either．．．or "或者......或者” ，“要么……要么”，连接主语时，谓语的数
由离它最近的主语决定，它也要修饰对等成分。另注意both用法，由以下例句可知其位置关系
The two students are both from Japan．
The two students both come from Japan．
Both the students are Japanese．
Both of them are Japanese．
8．关于不定代词的用法。
1)some或与some构成的合成词一般只用在肯定的陈述句中，但若表示询问，征求意见时，可以用于疑问句中；any或与any构成的合成词一般只翔于否定句或疑问句。
2)当形容词修饰不定代词时，应将形容词放在所修饰的不定代词之后。
9．关于so + be(情态动词或助动词)+主语。
这是so引导的倒装句，这种句子是指前句所述情况也适合另一个(或另一些)人或物，以免重复。在使用这一结构时，要注意谓语动词的时态要与上一句保持一致。这种结构译为“……也是这样。”而so+主语+谓语结构，意为“……确实如此。”用时要注意区分。
10．几种比较等级的转换
1) At… than B ---- B + not so (as)…as A ---- B+…less…than A
如：This book is more difficult than that one．
---- That book is not so difficult as this one．
---- That book is less difficult than this one．
2)主语+最高级+范围
---- 主语+比较级than any other + 范围
如：．Jim is the shortest boy in my class．
Jim is shorter than any other boy in my class．
3) prefer A to B ---- like A better than B
11．see sb．do／doing看见某人做／在做某事。接do表示动作的全过程，接doing表示动作在进行中。类似用法的词还有watch，hear。
12．find it + adj + to do结构，表示感觉做某事怎么样。
13．or当“否则”，“不然”用祈使句+ or + 陈述句(用will的将来时)
此句式可以改为：
If引导否定条件句，陈述句。
另请注意这种结构：
祈使句+and(then)+陈述句。(用will的将来时) if引导的肯定条件句，陈述句。
14．反身代词
1)反身代词的构成分两种：第一、二人称反身代词在形容词性物主代词后加上self或selves，第三人称的反身代词在宾格代词后加上self或selves。
2)反身代词的用法：一种是作宾语，由主语发出的动作又回到动作者本身。
如：I enjoyed myself at the party．另一种是作名词或代词的同位语，用来加强语气。如: I can do it myself．
3)初中阶段由反身代词构成的常用词组有：enjoy oneself，help oneself to，learn by oneself，teach oneself，(all)by oneself，leave...by oneself，lose oneself in等。在使用反身代词时，应注意它在数、性别上与哪一个保持一致。试比较：“Help yourselves to some fish，Tom and Mike．”I can’t leave the girl by herself。
四. 典型例题
【例1】The young man drives ______ than he did three months ago.
A. much carefully B. much more careful
C. mach careful D. much more carefully
分析 此题从两个方面考查学生：一是多音节词的比较级；二是形容词与副词如何使用。句中有than提醒学生该用比较级，而句中drives是动词，修饰动词应该用副词。故B、C两答案不行。而多音节词的比较级在词前加上more，再要加上much是修饰程度，“小心得多了”，此题答案应为D。
【例2】1) China is one of ______in the world.
A. the oldest country B. the oldest countries
C. much older country D .much older countries
2) — How great Dalian Radio and TV centre looks!
—Yes. That's one of the greatest _________ in Dalian.
A. building B. build C. buildings D. builds
分析 one of表示“……的一个”是整体的一部分。整体部分要用复数形式，1）题中A、C两答案不行。句中的“in the world”是表示最高级的范围，故D答案也不行，所以B答案才对。2）题中A、B不行：D答案的builds不是名词的复数形式，故答案为C。
【例3】Tom often has lunch at school, ______ ?
A. doesn't Tom B. doesn't he C. hasn’t he D. hasn’t Tom
分析 此题考查反意疑问句的构成。反意疑问句构成：一、前为肯定陈述句，后为否定简略问句；二、前为否定陈述句，后为肯定简略问句。此题前为肯定，所以后者要用否定形式并且问句中的主语应改为人称代词（he），所以A、D不行。has lunch“吃中饭”中的has不是助动词，故要借助动词does，所以正确答案为B。这里要提醒的是如果反意疑问句陈述部分有no, nobody, never, few, little, hardly等含有否定意思的词，后面的反问部分就要用肯定形式。
【例4】They arrived in Guangzhou _______ the morning of May 25.
A. at B. in C. on D. during
分析 此题考查的是介词表示时间的用法。英语中“在早上、下午、晚上”的表示为in the morning/ afternoon/ evening。但如果morning, afternoon, evening前或后有修饰语的话，则表示某一特定（某天的）上午、下午、晚上，要用介词on，故此题答案为C。
【例5】 There is_______ with my bike. I hurt myself.
A. anything wrong B. something wrong
C. wrong anything D. wrong something
分析 此题考查形容词修饰不定代词后置的问题。英语中something, anything, nothing如有形容词修饰，则放于不定代词之后。该句是肯定句，所以A、B、C中有anything不行，那么B、D中只有B才是对的。
【例6】 Even the top students in our class can't work out this problem, so it _____ be very difficult.
A. may B. must C. can D. need
分析 此题考查学生对情态动词的理解。情态动词后都接动词原形，而且无人称和数的变化，但各个情态动词有它自己的含义。can表示能力“能、会”之意；may表示允许、猜测“可以，可能”之意；must表示“一定，必须”；need表示“需要”。此句中的上句表示连最拔尖的学生也算不出这道题，那一定是题目非常难。所以从句子的理解答案应为B。
【例7】句型转换
The box was so heavy that she couldn't carry it. (改为简单句)
The box was ______ heavy ______ her ______ carry.
分析 此题考查学生对句型及表达方法多样化的掌握。so…that(如此……以致)，可以和too…to（太……而不能）互相转换，所以此三空应填too，for，to。
【例8】The little girl ______ go back home ______ she finished cleaning the classroom.
A. doesn't, until B. doesn't, and C. didn't, until D. didn't, while
分析 此题考查学生对句子的理解。小女孩是扫完了地才回家的。应用not…until(直到……才)句型。答案从A和C中去选择，因为句中的finished是过去时，所以其前面的否定形式也要用过去时，那么此题答案应为C。
【例9】It was late. She washed her face ______ went to bed.
A. or B. so C. and D. but
分析 此题陈述的是“她”前后两个动作，并不表示选择、因果、转折关系，故答案为C。
【例 10】时态填空题
“Stop ______ (write), and listen to me, please,” said Mr. Brown.
分析 stop to do sth与stop doing sth表示的意思是不同的。前者是“停下来去做另一件事”，而后者是“停止正在做的事”。此题Mr. Brown要求听他说，所以应停止写字，那么这里应填writing一词。
【例11】同义句转换
She was very angry. She could say nothing. She was ______ angry to say ______.
分析 此题“她太生气而什么也说不出”，表示结果可以用too…to来替换。由于too…to本身含有否定含义，而nothing=not anything。所以此两格应填too, anything.
【例12】 We won’t go to the Great wall if it _______ tomorrow.
A. rains B. rain C. will rain D. raining
分析 此题考查if引导的条件状语从句的动词时态。if引导的条件状语从句，如果主句是一般将来时，从句用一般现在时，本题从句的主语是it，为第三人称单数形式，其动词要加s，故答案为A。
【例13】 (北京市石景山区，2002)His bag fell off bike．He stopped it up．
A．pick D．picks C．picked D. to pick
分析 此题是考查stop的用法。stop to do表示“停下来去做另一件事”，而stop doing则表示“停止正在做的事”o由题意知是停下来去捡，所以选D。
解后反思 在解决一词多种用法时，应先弄懂各自含义，然后再考虑语境。
【例14】 (贵阳市，2002)We won’t go to Huaxi Park if it next Sunday．
A. will rain B，rain C. rainy D. rains
分析 此题考查证引导的条件状语从句主从句时态关系。if引导时间或条件状语从句若主句为祈使句，或一般现在时，从句用一般现在时，所以A不符合，而B与it不符，故D为正确答案。
【例15】(福州市，2003) 一Do you live by yourself，Mr. Wang?
Yes．I have two sons．But of them lives with me．They are now studying in America．
A. neither B．both C. none D．either
分析 此题考查这四个词的用法。both用于“两者都”，作主语时谓语用复数，它要修饰复数名词; neither是both的反义词，它指“两者都不”，它修饰单数名词，作主语谓语用单数。both of+复数名词(成代词)，作主语谓语用复数；neither of+复数名词(或代词)，作主语谓语用单数. none指“(三者或三者以上)一个都不”可用于人或物，它作主语时谓语可用单数或复数，它的反义词是all，all指“三者或三者以上都”，它作主语时谓语用复数。
either指“两者之一”，修饰单数名词，作主语谓语用单数，本题由two sons和but及lives知答案为A。
解后反思 弄清所表达的数量范围并结合语境是正确选择的根本。
【例16】(广州市，2003)Your sister works very hard，and
A. so you are B. so you do C．so are you D．so do you
分析 由题意知，本题考查so+谓+主语这一结构，该结构谓语的时态应与前句一致，数却由后主语决定，所以选Do
【例17】(呼和浩特市，2002) I hear you’re got a set of Australia stamps．
I have a look?
一Yes，Certainly．
A. Do B．May C．Shall D．Should
分析 此题考查如何正确使用这四个词。A项在此是构成一般现在时的疑问助动词，无实义。C项用于第一人称疑问句中表“征求”或“询问”，D是C项的过去式，由题意可知此处是表“请求”，B项正合题意。
解后反思 由例句可以看出掌握情态动词的含义和用法并结合语境去分析才能做出正确选择。
【例18】(南通市，2002)June’s brother didn’t work so as the others didin’ this class．
A．harder B．hard C．hardest D．hardly
分析 此题考查so．．．as的用法。Not so…as表“不和……一样”，它要带形容词或副词的原级，故A、C不对，而hardly为“几乎不”，所以选B。
解后反思 as(so)．．．as究竟是形容词原级还是副词原级与谓语动词有关。当谓语为行为动词时，则用副词原级；当谓语为连系动词时，则用形容词原级。另外so…as只能用于否定句。
【例19】 (泉州市，2002)The boy is to take care of him self．
A．enough old B．enough young
C. old enough D．young enough
分析 此题考查enough的用法。enough修饰形容词或副词时，应放在所修饰词之后，故A、B可排除。题意为他已到能自理的年龄了。故选C。
【例20】 (北京市海淀区，2003)The English novel is quite easy for you．There’ re—words in it．
A. a little B．little C．a few D. few
分析 此题考查这四个词的用法。由题意easy for you知表肯定意义的a few，a little可排除，又由words是可数名词，应选D。
解后反思 a few修饰可数名词，表肯定。few修饰可数名词，表否定。
a little修饰不可数名词，表肯定。little修饰不可数名词，表否定。
【例21】(河南省，2002) 一I won’t go to the party tomorrow．
you told me you should．What’s happening?
A．But B．So C．And D．Or
分析 此题考查连词的用法。but是转折连词表转折，so表因果关系，and是顺承或并列关系，无实义，or表选择关系，由原题句意可知是转折关系。此题选A
解后反思 解答考查连词的题应考虑句子之间关系并要和题意相结合。
五. 强化训练及答案
I．词汇
A) 词语替换
1. The students enjoyed themselves very much at the party.
A. had a very good time B. talked a lot
C. asked many questions D. laughed very much
2. It’s a pleasure to help you to do your homework.
A. sorry B. OK. C. bad thing D. a happy thing
3. Give me a call when you need me.
A. Give me a message B. Wake me up
C. Ring me up D. Call my name
4. The child fell asleep in the end.
A. got to sleep B. went to bed C. was in bed D. stayed in bed
5. We go home on foot every day.
A. run home B. stay home C. walk home D. leave home
B）词汇转换：用所给单词的适当形式填空。
6. When you cross the road, you must look around _______ (care).
7. Mr. Wang gave us a _____ (swim) lesson yesterday.
8. If you want to be________ (health), you have to take more exercise.
9. Children, help _____ (you) to some fish.
10. Eating too many sweets is bad for your ________ (tooth).
11. It’s _____ (cloud) today, isn’t it?
12. Look! How happily the children ______ (play) in the park!
13. You look ________ (worry). What’s wrong?
II．单项选择
1. She felt _____ about her party, didn’t she?
A. worry B. worried C. worries D. worrying
2. I know the weather isn’t ______ , but I must go out ______ some shopping.
A. bad, to do B. fine, to do C. bad, do D. fine, and doing
3. Is the ________with your watch?
A. anything wrong B. something wrong
B. wrong something D. wrong anything
4. ______ beautiful the skirt is!
A. How B. What a C. How a D. What
5. The weather here is very different _____ Australia ______ this time of year.
A. form, in B. of, in C. with, on D. from, at
6. The ______ girl sings the song very ______.
A. beautiful, beautiful B. beautiful, beautifully
C. beautifully, beautiful D. beautifully, beautifully
7. Thanks for ______ me _______ beautiful presents.
A. give, so much B. giving, so much
C. giving, so many D. give, so many
8. There aren’t enough candles. We need_____ more.
A. a little B. much C. most D. a few
9. Lin Tao went to work on the farm last week, and______.
A. his sister did so B. so did his sister
C. so his sister did D. did his sister so
10. She likes singing, ______she doesn't like dancing.
A. and B. or C. for D. but
11. Aunt Huang was ill in _______ hospital yesterday.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
12. The teacher's wards ______ her face ______ red.
A. made, turn B. make, to turn
C. made, turned D. made, turns
13. The rain ______for nearly five hours.
A. fall B. keeps C. lasts D. blows
14. Mary often eats _____ food, so she is _____ fat now.
A. too much, much too B. too many, many too
C. much too, too much D. many too, too many
15. It’s little hot in the room. Will you please keep the windows _____?
A. open B. to open C. opening D. opened
16. She didn't come to school yesterday, did she?
______ , thought she was not feeling very well.
A. No, She didn't B. Yes, She didn't
B. No, She did D. Yes, She did
17. Miss Li is one of______ in our school.
A. a popular teacher B. more popular teacher
C. most popular teacher D .the most popular teachers
18. Our hometown is getting ______.
A. beautiful and beautiful B. more beautiful and more beautiful
C. more and more beautiful D. beautifuler and beautifuler
19. Li Lei is _______ a visit to France. He’s better ______ a bus to the People’s Park.
A. on, catch B. on, to catch C. in, not to catch D. in, not catch
20. Our English teacher told us ______ questions in Chinese.
A. answer B. not answer C. not to answer D. didn’t answer
21. They didn't start the work ______their teacher came back.
A. until B. while C. as soon as D. if
22. —Thank you for having us. We had a very good time today.
—______.Bye!
A. No, thank you B. I’m afraid not
C. You shouldn't say that D. It was my pleasure
23. The doctor ______the baby carefully.
A. looked over B. heard from
C. worried about D. looked like
24. —Must we finish our homework now, Mrs. Read?
—Oh no, you______.
A. mustn't B. can't C, won't D. needn't
25. —I'm sorry I______ my exercise book at home.
—Don't forget______ it to school tomorrow, please.
A. forgot, to take B. left, to bring C. forgot, bring D. left, to take
26. Please go out to climb the hill if it ______tomorrow.
A. rains B. raining C. won't rain D. doesn't rain
III．句型转换
1. Mrs. Brown has to sit down and rest every five minutes.（对划线部分提问）
_______ ________ does Mrs. Brown have to sit down and rest?
2. Nothing is too difficult, _______ ______? （完成反意疑问句）
3. After he finishes his homework, he’ll leave the classroom.（改为同义句）
He ______ leave the classroom _____ he finishes his homework.
4. I had some apples and oranges. (改为否定句)
I ______ have any apples ______ oranges.
5. They had a good time last Sunday. （改为同义句）
They _______ ______ last Sunday.
6. They work hard. (改为感叹句)
_______ ______ they work!
7. He doesn’t want to go out because it’s raining heavily.（就划线部分提问）
_______ ______ he want to go out?
8. It will be snowy the day after tomorrow. （就划线部分提问）
____ _____ the weather ______ like the day after tomorrow?
9. The boys will go swimming tomorrow.（改为一般疑问句）
______ the boys _____ ______ tomorrow?
10. This picture is beautiful. That one is more beautiful. （合并为一句）
That picture is _____ ______ ______ this one.
IV．根据汉语意思完成英语句子。
1．安担心她的晚会是因为食物没有准备好。
Ann _______ ______ _______ her party because the food isn’t ______.
2．天这么热，为什么不脱掉你的外套呢？
It’s very hot today. ______ _____ you ______ ______ your coat?
3．说着这些话，他朝着我做鬼脸。
______ these words, he made ______ at me.
4．足球、篮球和排球，你最喜欢哪一个？
_______ ballgame ______ you ______ ______, football, basketball or volleyball?
5．你到北京之后给李叔叔去个电话。
Please ______ Uncle Li _____ _____ after you ______ Beijing.
6．他看到他的妻子多么高兴啊！
_______ _______ he is to see his wife!
7．这道数学题太难，我做不出来。
This maths problem is _______ hard for me _______ work out.
8．你为什么不改打排球？
_______ don’t you play volleyball_______?
V．补全对话。
Bill and Kate want to send a postcard to their friend, Peter. They are in the post office to buy a stamp (邮票) and post the card.
Man: Can I help you?
Bill: We ____1__ a stamp, please.
Man: Is it for a ___2___ or for a postcard?
Kate: It’s for a postcard.
Man: Are you sending the card to someone here in England or in another __3___?
Bill: We’re sending it to a ___4__ in England.
Man: Then you need a three-penny stamp. Here you are, one three-penny stamp.
Bill: Thank you.
Kate: Stick（粘贴）the stamp on the ___5____, Bill. Then we can ___6__ it.
Bill: OK. ___7___ the letter box?
Kate: Over there.
Bill: I ___8____ Peter will send us a postcard.
Kate: ____9____ ____10___I.
Ⅵ．完形填空
Most adults (成年人) once studied at school, had classes and did their homework every day. The same 1 is going on at school now. 2 it seems that doing weekend (周末) homework is 3 problem for the modern students..
All the students should agree that weekend homework should be abolished (取消). It’s 4 for them studying at school five days a week. They have a lot of interests. With homework to do on Saturday and Sunday, when can they find 5 to help around the house, go and see a football or basketball game or a good film, join in family recreations(娱乐) ,or just have 6 at home? Because of these other activities(活动), the homework can't be finished until 7 . So their weekend homework is usually done in such a hurry that on Monday teachers are 8 and often threaten (威胁) to fail whole class of students because they know nothing about the 9 . If there were no weekend homework for the students to do, they would be happy to go to school on Monday 10 having a good rest and to learn what the teachers teach.
1. A. thing B. school C. class D. homework
2. A. Also B. But C. Still D. Though
3. A. no B. another C. one D. other
4. A. not enough B. enough C. no good D. no use
5. A. friends B .time C. places D. money
6. A. a rest B. an .exam C. a lesson D. picnic
7. A. Monday afternoon B. Saturday afternoon
C. Friday night D. Sunday night
8. A. pleased B. sorry C. unhappy D. not worried
9. A. lesson B. games C. interests D. activities
l0. A. until B. when C. before D. after
Ⅶ．阅读理解
A
It was a beautiful day. The sun was shining. There was no cloud, and the weather was warm. Trees just turned green, flowers came out. Young people were walking after breakfast, children were playing on the grass happily. Mr. Brown saw an old man standing alone under the tree with a big umbrella (伞) in his hand.
Mr. Brown went up and asked him, “Do you think we are going to have rain today?” “No,” said the old man. “I don't think so.” “Then are you carrying the umbrella because the sun is too hot?” “No, the sun is not very hot in this season.”
Mr. Brown looked at the big umbrella again, just then the old man said, “I'm old and my legs aren't very strong for walking far away. I must have a walking stick. But young people will think I'm too old to do anything. When I carry an umbrella in such fine weather, they will laugh at me and say I'm stupid (愚蠢), but I don't mind.” Mr. Brown said, “Oh, I see. You're never too old. It's important for us young people to understand the old people. Now let's have a walk together, will you?” The old man said, “Thank you, let's go!”
l. This story happened ______.
A. on a summer morning B. on a spring morning
C. on a summer afternoon D. on a spring afternoon
2. Mr. Brown is______.
A. neither old nor young B. more than twenty
C. older than the old man D. as old as the old man
3. —In which country did this story happen?
—_____.
A. In England B. In India C. I have no idea D. In Australia
4. From the story we know some old people ________
A. are afraid of saying they're old B .should have walking-sticks
C. don't like young people D. are very happy every day
5. After you read this story, you can know _______
A. when the people become older
B .what you give the old people to eat
C. where you can find the old people
D. what you should do for the old people
B
“Cool” is a word with many meanings .Its old meaning is used to express a temperature that is a little bit cold. As the world has changed, the word has had many different meanings.
Cool can be used to express feelings of interest in almost anything.
When you see a famous car in the street, maybe you will say, “it's cool.” You may think, “he's so cool,” when you see your favourite footballer.
We all maximize (扩大)the meaning of “cool”. You can use it instead of many words such as “new” or “surprising”. Here's an interesting story we can use to show the way the word is used. A teacher asked her students to write about the waterfall (瀑布) they had visited. On one student's paper was just the one sentence, “It's so cool.” Maybe he thought it was the best way to show what he saw and felt.
But the story also shows a scarcity (缺乏) of words. Without “cool”, some people have no words to show the same meaning. So it is quite important to keep some credibility(可信性). Can yon think of many other words that make your life as colourful as the word “cool”? I can. And think they are also very cool.
6. We know that the word “cool” has had_____.
A. only one meaning B. no meanings
C. many different meanings D. the same meaning
7. In the passage, the word “express” means “______”.
A. see B. show C. know D. feel
8. If you are ______something, you may say, “it's cool.”
A. interested in B. angry about
C. worried about D. unhappy with
9. The writer takes an example to show he is ______ the way the word is used,
A. pleased with B. strange to
C. worried about D. unhappy with
10. In the passage, the writer suggests(暗示)that the word “cool”______.
A. can be used instead of many words
B. usually means something interesting
C. can make your life colourful
D. may not be as cool as, it seems
Ⅷ．书面表达
英国男孩Jim Green来信想在北京征询笔友，你决定做他的笔友。现在你用英语写一封回信，介绍自己的情况。要求单词数大约５０个左右。回信应包括下面表格中的内容。
| Name: Li Dong | School name: No .18 Middle School |
| Sex: schoolboy | Favourite subjects: maths, history, English |
| Aye: 15 | Sports: basketball, swimming |
| Number of people in your family: 3 | Interests: pop music |
Ⅸ．短文改错
Yesterday Timmy helped his father in the 1 __
garden. Timmy is youngest in the Blake 2
family. Timmy and his father dug two hole. 3
They planted two trees. “Our garden looks 4
very beautifully,” Timmy said. 5
“It’s filled of weeds（草），”his father said. 6
“It’s the nice garden in the street,” Timmy said. 7
“The nicest ones?” his father asked. 8
“Yes,” Timmy answered. “Nobody grass 9
is longer than our.” 10
参考答案：
Ⅰ. 1. A 2. D 3. C 4. A 5. C 6. carefully 7. swimming 8. healthier 9. yourselves 10. teeth 11. cloudy 12. are playing 13. worried
Ⅱ. 1. B 2. B 3. A 4. A 5. D 6. B 7. C 8. D 9. B 10. D 11. D 12. A 13. C 14. A 15. A 16. D 17. D 18. C 19. A 20. C 21. A 22. D 23. A 24. D 25. B 26. D
Ⅲ. 1. How often 2. is it 3. won’t, until/ before 4. didn’t, or 5. enjoyed themselves 6. How hard 7. Why doesn’t 8. What will, be 9. Will, go swimming 10. more beautiful than
Ⅳ. 1. is worried about, ready 2. Why don’t 3. With, faces 4. Which, do, like best 5. give, a call, reach talk off 6. How happy 7. too, to 8. Why, instead
Ⅴ. 1. want 2. letter 3. country 4. friend 5. card 6. post 7. Where’s 8. hope 9. So 10. do
Ⅵ. 1. A 2. B 3. C 4. B 5. B 6. A 7. D 8. C 9. A 10. D
Ⅶ. 1. B 2. B 3. C 4. A 5. D 6. C 7. B 8. A 9. C 10. D
Ⅷ. 略
Ⅸ. 1. √ 2. the youngest 3. holes 4.√ 5. beautiful 6. filled→full 7. nicest 8. ones→one 9. Nobody→Nobody’s 10. our→ours