情态动词
一、情态动词表推测
1. 肯定的推测一般用must, should, may（might）或could（不用can），其中，must的语气最强，译为“肯定”、“准是”、“想必是”；should的语气次之，译为“很可能”、“应该”，指按常理推测；may（might），could的语气最弱，译为“也许”、“可能”。
①Helen _______ go on the trip with us but she isn’t quite sure yet. （2005年安徽卷）
A. shall B. must C. may D. can
②—I’ve taken someone else’s green sweater by mistake.
—It ___ Harry’s. He always wears green. （2005年广东卷）
A. has to be B. will be C. mustn’t be D. could be
③I have lost one of my gloves. I _______ it somewhere.（2005年北京春季卷）
A. must drop B. must have dropped
C. must be dropping D. must have been dropped
④If I ____ plan to do anything I wanted to ,I’d like to go to Tibet and travel through as much of it as possible. （2005年湖北卷）
A. would B. could C. had to D. ought to
2. 否定推测分为两种情况：
1）语气不很肯定时，常用may not, might not或could not，译为“可能不”、“也许不”。
You might just as well tell the manufacturer that male customers ______ not like the design of the furniture. （2004年上海春季卷）
A. must B. shall C. may D. need
2）否定语气较强时，则用can’t，译为“根本不可能”、“想必不会”，表示惊异、怀疑的感情色彩。
①—Do you know where David is? I couldn’t find him anywhere.
—Well. He ______ have gone far——his coat’s still here.（2005年湖北卷）
A. shouldn’t B. mustn’t C. can’t D. wouldn’t
②— Isn’t that Ann’s husband over there?
— No, it _______ be him I’m sure he doesn’t wear glasses. （2004年全国卷Ⅰ）
A. can’t B. must not C. won’t D. may not
3. 疑问句中的推测，往往用can或could。
Mr. Bush is on time for everything. How ______ it be that he was late for the opening ceremony？（2001年上海春季卷）
A. can B. should C. may D. must
4. 对已发生事情的肯定推测常用“must, may, might等+完成式”；否定推测常用“can, could, may, might等+完成式”。
①I was on the highway when this car went past followed by a police car. They _______ at least 150 kilometers an hour.（2005年重庆卷）
A. should have been doing B. must have been doing
C. could have done D. would have done
②He _______ have completed his work; otherwise, he wouldn’t be enjoying himself by seaside. （2005年北京卷）
A. should B. must C. wouldn’t D. can’t
③—Tom is never late for work. Why is be absent today?
—Something ________ to him. （2005年江西卷）
A. must happen B. should have happened
C. could have happened D. must have happened
④ My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon, so he_____ have attended your lecture.（2000年上海卷）
A. couldn’t B. needn’t C. mustn’t D. shouldn’t
二、“情态动词+完成式”
1. “should（ought to）+完成式”表示本应该做某事而实际上没有做。其否定式表示某种行为不该发生但却发生了。
①—I’ll tell Mary about her new job tomorrow.
— You________ her last week. （2004年福建卷）
A． ought to tell B． would have told
C． must tell D． should have told
②Oh, I’m not feeling well in the stomach, I _____ so much fried chicken just now. （2002年上海春季卷）
A. shouldn’t eat B. mustn’t have eaten
C. shouldn’t have eaten D. mustn’t eat
2. “could+完成式”表示本来能够做成某事的但结果没能做成，含有遗憾的意味。
He paid for a seat, when he ______ have entered free. （2005年山东卷）
A. could B. would C. must D. need
3. “needn’t+不定式的完成式”表示本来不必做某事而实际上做了某事。例如：
You needn’t have watered the flowers, for it is going to rain.你本不需要浇花的，因为天就要下雨了。
— Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you.
— Thanks. You ______ it. I could manage it myself. （2005年福建卷）
A. needn’t do B. needn’t have done C. mustn’t do D. shouldn’t have done
三、常见的情态动词
1. shall用于一、三人称疑问句表示征求对方意见；用于二、三人称陈述句表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁等。
①“The interest be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides，” declared the judge. （2004年重庆卷）
A. may B. should C. must D. shall
②—Excuse me, but I want to use your computer to type a report.
— You ______ have my computer if you don’t take care of it. （2004年湖南卷）
A. shan’t B. might not C. needn’t D. shouldn’t
③ — The room is so dirty. ______ we clean it?
— Of course. （2003年北京春季卷）
A. Will B. Shall C. Would D. Do
2. must用于疑问句，表示责备、抱怨的感情色彩，意思为“偏偏，偏要”；mustn’t表示禁止，是说话人强有力的劝告。
①John, look at the time. _______ you play the piano at such a late hour？ （2005年全国卷Ⅲ）
A. Must B. Can C. May D. Need
②Tom, you leave all your clothes on the floor like this！(2005年全国Ⅰ）
A. wouldn’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. may not
3. needn’t表示“没有必要”。
— Lucy doesn’t mind lending you her dictionary.
— She ______. I’ve already borrowed one. （2005年湖南卷）
A. can’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. shouldn’t
4. would表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。
When he was there, he ___ go to that coffee shop at the corner after work every day.（1996年上海卷）
A. would B. should C. had better D. might
5. 表示经过努力而成功的某一次动作，只能用was/were able to，而不能用could。
The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _____ get out. （1997年全国卷）
A. had to B. would C. was able to D. could
6. 考查情态动词用作答语的情况
①—Write to me when you get home.
— _______. （2001年北京春季卷）
A. I must B. I should C. I will D. I can
② — Could I call you by your first name？
—Yes, you ______. （1998年上海卷）
A. will B. could C. may D. might
巩固练习：
1. Michael ______ be a policeman, for he is much too short.
A. needn’t B. can’t C. should D. may
2. I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I ____ for her.
A. had to write it out B. must have written it out
C. should have written it out D. ought to write it out
3. Jack _____ yet, otherwise he would have telephoned me.
A. mustn’t have arrived B. shouldn’t have arrived
C. can’t have arrived D. needn’t have arrived
4. Sir, you ______be sitting in this waiting room. It is for women and children only.
A. mustn’t B. can’t C. won’t D. needn’t
5. A left-luggage office is a place where bags _______ be left for a short time, especially at a railway station.
A. should B. can C. must D. will
6. — Is John coming by train?
— He should, but he _____ not. He likes driving his car.
A. must B. can C. need D. may
7. It has been announced that candidates _______ remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected.
A. can B. will C. may D. shall
8. You can’t imagine that a well-behaved gentleman ______ be so rude to a lady.
A. might B. need C. should D. would
9. —Don’t forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow. —_______.
A. I don’t B. I won’t C. I can’t D. I haven’t
10. I didn’t see her in the meeting-room this morning. She____ at the meeting.
A. mustn’t have spoken B. shouldn’t have spoken
C. needn’t have spoken D. couldn’t have spoken
例题答案
Key: C D B B Key: C Key: C A Key：A Key: B B D A Key: D C
Key：A Key: B Key: D A B Key: A B Key: C Key: A
Key：C Key：C C
练习答案与解析
1. B 从第二个分句“他太矮了”可以推知说话者持否定态度，needn’t意思是“没有必要”，与语境不符。
2. C 根据句意“我已经告诉她怎样到那儿，但是或许我应该给她写下来”可知，说话者含有“后悔、遗憾”的意味，应使用“情态动词+完成式”形式，“must+完成式”表示对过去的肯定推测，“should+完成式”才表示虚拟意义。
3. C 根据第二分句“否则的话他就会给我打电话了”可知“Jack肯定还没到”，“can’t+完成式”意思是“根本不可能”。
4. A 从第二分句可知，这是妇女和儿童专用候车室，因此你“不准”坐在这儿。mustn’t表示“禁止，不准”。
5. B can在此表示许可。
6. D 从后一句“他喜欢开车”可知说话者把握不大。must not不表示推测，can not的语气太绝对，意思是“根本不可能”。
7. D shall用于第二、三人称，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺、威胁等意思。
8. C should在此表示惊讶的感情色彩，意思是“竟然”。
9. B 对祈使句的肯定回答用I will；否定回答用I won’t。
10. D 根据句意“我今天上午在会议室没见到她”， 所以“她根本不可能在会上发言”。表示“根本不可能”用can’t/couldn’t have done形式。
情态动词专项练习1
1) You____ all those clothes! We have a washing machine to do that sort of thing
A) needn't have washed B) shouldn't have washed
C) must not have washed D) can not have washed
2) John's score on the test is the highest in the class; he____ last night.
A) should study B) should have studied
C) must have studied D) must have to study
3) The room is in a terrible mess; it ____cleaned. (CET-4, 1996,6)
A) can't have been B) shouldn't have been
C) mustn't have been D) wouldn't have been
4) Nobody knows how people first came to these islands. They ____ from South America on rafts.
A) must have sailed B) can sail
C) might have sailed D) should have sailed
5) Mary was not in her bedroom yesterday afternoon. She ____ in her classroom.
A) should have been B) must have been C) must be D) should be
6) Bob said he was going to join our club but he didn't. He ____ his mind.
A) can't have changed B) wouldn't have changed
C) must have changed D) shouldn't have changed
7) You____ to town to see the film yesterday. It will be on TV tonight.
A) needn't go B) had better not go
C) should not go D) needn't have gone
8) We____ the letter yesterday, but it didn't arrive.
A) must receive B) ought to receive
C) must have received D) ought to have received
9) With all the work on hand, he____ to the cinema last night.
A) mustn't go B) shouldn't have gone
C) could not go D) couldn't have gone
10) Eve was late for class again. She ____earlier.
A) should get up B) must get up
C) need to get up D) should have got up
11) I am feeling sick. I____ so much chocolate.
A) needn't have eaten B) couldn't have eaten
C) mustn't have eaten D) shouldn't have eaten
12) I didn't send out my application form last week, but I ____.
A) had B) would do C) should have D) might have to
13) Walking alone in the deserted village, John was scared. He thought he____ Tom to go with him.
A) might have asked B) should asked
C) must have asked D) should have asked
14) When I got to the cinema, the film had already started; I____ there earlier.
A) ought to get B) ought to have got C) must have got D) must get
15) The road was muddy. It____ rained last night.
A) must B) must have C) must be D) could have
16) She can speak quite fluent English. She____.
A) must been in the U.S.A. for some time
B) must have been in the U.S.A. for some time
C) should have been in the U.S.A. for some time
D) May be in the U.S.A. for some time
17) You should bear in mind that he is not so strong as he____.
A) was used to be B) used to be C) was used to D) use to
18)“We didn't see him at the exhibition yesterday.”“He ___it.”
A) mustn't visit B) can't have visited
C) should have gone to see D) may see
19) Mary ____my letter, otherwise she would have replied before now.
A) should have received B) has received
C) Couldn't have received D) ought to have received
20) I ____ you a valuable present for your birthday, but I was short of money.
A) would have liked to give B) liked to give
C) have liked to give D) would like to give
21)“Where ____ my umbrella?”“Somebody ____ it away by mistake.”
A) is, must have taken B) is, must take
C) have been, must take D) is, takes
22) What ____ would happen if the director knew you felt that way?
A) will you suppose B)you suppose C)do you suppose D)you would suppose
23) Two eyes ____see more than one.
A) can B) may C) will D) should
24) ____ you continue in your efforts and achieve new and greater successes.
A) Would B) Will C) May D) Should
25) We ought to help each other in our work, ____?
A) oughtn't we B) should we C) shouldn't we D) ought to we
26) Tom ____ better than to ask Dick for help.
A) shall know B) shouldn't know C) has known D) should have known
27) You ____ your tooth pulled out before it rot completely.
A) had better got B) had to get better
C) had better to get D) had better get
28) When we got to the cinema, the film hasn't started yet, so we ____.
A) needn't hurry B) didn't need hurry
C) needn't to hurry D) needn't have hurried
29) It was really very dangerous; you ____ him seriously.
A) might have injured B) could injure
C) should have injured D) must injure
30) As he had heart attack, he was told that he ____ continue the work.
A) needn't B) may not C) mustn't D) can't
31) An Englishman who ____not speak Italian was once traveling in Italy.
A) must B) could C) may D) might
32) I ____like to make a suggestion.
A) could B) would C) must D) might
33) I know things are hard with you, but you ____try to get over the difficulties.
A) can B) may C) must D) ought
34 I can't find the recorder in the room. It ____ by somebody.
A) may have been taken away B) may leave
C) may take away D) must have taken away
35) He ____the 9:20 train because he didn't leave home till 9:25.
A) can reach B) could catch C) may not catch D) couldn't have caught
36) You____ all those clothes! We have a washing machine to do that sort of thing
A) needn't have washed B) shouldn't have washed
C) must not have washed D) can not have washed
37) John's score on the test is the highest in the class; he____ last night.
A) should study B) should have studied
C) must have studied D) must have to study
38) The room is in a terrible mess; it ____ have been cleaned. (CET-4, 1996,6)
A) can't B) shouldn't C) mustn't D) wouldn't
39) Nobody knows how people first came to these islands. They ____ from South America on rafts.
A) must have sailed B) can sail
C) might have sailed D) should have sailed
40) Mary was not in her bedroom yesterday afternoon. She ____ in her classroom.
A) should have been B) must have been C) must be D) should be
41) Bob said he was going to join our club but he didn't. He ____ have changed his mind.
A) can't B) wouldn't C) must D) shouldn't
42) You____ to town to see the film yesterday. It will be on TV tonight.
A) needn't go B) had better not go C)should not go D)needn't have gone
43) We____ the letter yesterday, but it didn't arrive.
A) must receive B) ought to receive
C) must have received D) ought to have received
44) With all the work on hand, he____ to the cinema last night.
A) mustn't go B) shouldn't have gone
C) could not go D) couldn't have gone
45) Eve was late for class again. She ____earlier.
A) should get up B) must get up C) need to get up D) should have got up
46) I am feeling sick. I____ have eaten so much chocolate.
A) needn't B) couldn't C) mustn't D) shouldn't
47) I didn't send out my application form last week, but I ____.
A) had B) would do C) should have D) might have to
48) Walking alone in the deserted village, John was scared. He thought he____ Tom to go with him.
A) might have asked B)should asked C)must have asked D)should have asked
49) When I got to the cinema, the film had already started; I____ there earlier.
A) ought to get B) ought to have got C) must have got D) must get
50) The road was muddy. It____ rained last night.
A) must B) must have C) must be D) could have
A) must been in the U.S.A. for some time
B) must have been in the U.S.A. for some time
C) should have been in the U.S.A. for some time
D) May be in the U.S.A. for some time
52) You should bear in mind that he is not so strong as he____.
A) was used to be B) used to be C) was used to D) use to
53)“We didn't see him at the exhibition yesterday.”“He ___it.”
A) mustn't visit B) can't have visited
C) should have gone to see D) may see
54) Mary ____my letter, otherwise she would have replied before now.
A) should have received B) has received
C) Couldn't have received D) ought to have received
55) I ____ you a valuable present for your birthday, but I was short of money.
A) would have liked to give B) liked to give
C) have liked to give D) would like to give
56)“Where ____ my umbrella?”“Somebody ____ it away by mistake.”
A) is, must have taken B) is, must take
C) have been, must take D) is, takes
57) What ____ would happen if the director knew you felt that way?
A) will you suppose B) you suppose C) do you suppose D) you would suppose
58) Two eyes ____see more than one.
A) can B) may C) will D) should
59) ____ you continue in your efforts and achieve new and greater successes.
A) Would B) Will C) May D) Should
60) We ought to help each other in our work, ____?
A) oughtn't we B) should we C) shouldn't we D) ought to we
61) Tom ____ better than to ask Dick for help.
A) shall know B) shouldn't know C) has known D) should have known
62) You ____ your tooth pulled out before it rot completely.
A) had better got B) had to get better
C) had better to get D) had better get
63) When we got to the cinema, the film hasn't started yet, so we ____.
A) needn't hurry B) didn't need hurry
C) needn't to hurry D) needn't have hurried
64) It was really very dangerous; you ____ him seriously.
A) might have injured B) could injure
C) should have injured D) must injure
65) As he had heart attack, he was told that he ____ continue the work.
A) needn't B) may not C) mustn't D) can't
66) An Englishman who ____not speak Italian was once traveling in Italy.
A) must B) could C) may D) might
67) I ____like to make a suggestion.
A) could B) would C) must D) might
68) I know things are hard with you, but you ____try to get over the difficulties.
A) can B) may C) must D) ought
69) I can't find the recorder in the room. It ____ by somebody.
A) may have been taken away B) may leave
C) may take away D) must have taken away
70) He ____the 9:20 train because he didn't leave home till 9:25.
A) can reach B) could catch C) may not catch D) couldn't have caught
情态动词专项练习2
1.I thought you___ like something to read, so I have brought you some books.
A. may B. might C. could D. must
2. You to the meeting this afternoon if you have something important to do.
A. needn't to come B. don't need come C. don't need coming D. needn't come
3. He_ you more help, even though he was very busy.
A. might have given B. might give C. may have given D. may give
4.─ I help you with some shoes, madam?
─ Yes, I would like to try on those brown ones.
A. Will B. Should C. May D. Must
5. The reason why they leave wasn't explained to us.
A. had B. had to C. must D. might
6. I searched for my wallet and it wasn't there. I thought I it at home.
A. left B. have left C. might have left D. could have left
7. I asleep because it took me a long time to realize that the telephone was ringing.
A. could have fallen B. should have fallen
C. must have fallen D. mustn't have fallen
8. The only thing that really matters to the children is how soon they return to their school.
A. can B. must C. have to D. ought to
9. I want to go to the chemist's, but you go with me.
A. need not B. must not C. need D. must
10. I thought it over, but come to no conclusion.
A. can B. could C. should D. would
11. What we get seems better than what we have.
A. can B. could C. can't D. Couldn’t
12.─My goodness! I've just missed the train.
─That's too bad. I am sure you it, if you had hurried.
A. could have caught B. had caught C. would catch D. could catch
13. Look! What you've done! You more careful.
A. may be B. had to C. should have been D. would be
14. I repeat the question?
A. Shall B. Will C. Do you want that D. Do
15. Professor Li, many students want to see you. they wait here or outside!
A. Do B. Will C. Shall D. Are
16. You read that book if you don't want to.
A. haven't B. can't C. mustn't D. needn't
17. Johnny, you play with the knife; you hurt yourself.
A. won't; can't B. can't; shouldn't C. shouldn't; must D. mustn't; may
18. It's nearly seven o'clock. Jack be here at any moment.
A. must B. need C. can D. should
19. ─ There were already 5 people in the car, but they managed to take me as well. ─ It a comfortable journey.
A. can't be B. shouldn't be C. couldn't have been D. mustn't have been
20. Tom ought not to me your secret, but he meant no harm.
A. have told B. tell C. be telling D. having told
21. Everyone is here. we start the meeting?
A. Can B. Must C. Should D. Shall
22. I parked my car right here but now it's gone. It .
A. must be stolen B. may be stolen
C. must have stolen D. must have been stolen
23. He the work yesterday, but he didn't.
A. must have finished B. need have finished
C. finished D. should have finished
24. He did not pass the examination. As a good student, he .
A. mustn't have failed B. may not have failed
C. needn't have failed D. shouldn't have failed
25. it be true that Albert passed the test in geography?
A. May B. should C. Could D. would
26. You lead a horse to the water but you not make it drink.
A. will; can B. may; can C. may; dare D. dare; can
27. ─Must we finish the composition in class?
─No, you .
A. needn't B. mustn't C. won't D. shouldn't
28. Her eyes were red. She .
A. must cry B. must be cried C. must have been crying D. may cry
29. Mary his letter, otherwise she would have replied before now.
A. has received B. must receive
C. couldn't have received D. shouldn't have received
30. I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I for her.
A. had to write it out B. must have written it out
C. should have written it out D. ought to write it out
情态动词练习题答案
1)A 2)C 3)A 4)C 5)B 6)C 7)D 8)D 9)D 10)D 11)D 12)C 13)D 14)B 15)B 16)B 17)B 18)C 19)C 20)A 21)A 22)C 23)A 24)C 25)A 26)D 27)D 28)D 29)A 30)C 31)B 32)B 33)C 34)A 35)D 1)A 2)C 3)A 4)C 5)B 6)C 7)D 8)D 9)D 10)D 11)D 12)C 13)D 14)B 15)B 16)B 17)B 18)C 19)C 20)A 21)A 22)C 23)A 24)C 25)A 26)D 27)D 28)D 29)A 30)C
31)B 32)B 33)C 34)A 35)D
情态动词专项练习2
1.B 2.D 3.A 4. C 5. B 6. C 7. C 8. A 9. A 10. B
11.C 12.A 13.C 14.A 15.C 16.D 17.D 18.D 19.C 20.A
21.D 22.D 23.D 24.D 25. C 26.B 27.A 28.C 29.C 30.C