Unit 21 Body language
●目标导引
Ⅰ.单词及短语
vary,focus,give sb.a hand,get through,occur,avoid
Ⅱ.语法
分词作定语
●内容精讲
Ⅰ.单词及短语精讲
1.vary v.存在不同之处，变化;名词为：variety变化，多样化;形容词为:various
e.g.Opinions on this matter vary. 在这个问题上意见很不一致。
The price varies according to the season. 价格随季节而变化。
She didn't like the work because it lacked variety;she was doing the same
thing all the time.她不喜欢这份工作，因为它缺乏多样性；她总在做同样的事情。
Everyone arrived late at the party,for a variety of (或for various)reasons.
因为各种各样的原因，大家都来晚了。
2.contact n.&v.同(某人)联系，接触
e.g.Have you contacted the child's parents？你同孩子的父母联系了吗？
For further information，contact your local agent. 要了解进一步情况，请跟
本地代理商联系。
They avoid eye contact all evening. 他们整晚都避免看对方。
表示联系的词组：
与……取得联系 make contact with;get in touch with
同……有联系be in contact(或touch)with
同……失去联系lose contact(或touch)with
3.bend v.(使)弯曲，弯腰，俯身;形容词为：bent 弯曲的。
e.g.He bent the iron bar as if it had been made of rubber.
他把铁棒弄弯了，就好像它是用橡胶做的似的。
This wire bends easily. 这根金属线易弯。
The nurse bent down and kissed the child.
护士弯下身子，亲了亲小孩。
The doctor bent over the sick child.
医生俯身看那个病童。
They refuse to bend to the hijacker's demands.
他们拒绝屈从于劫机者的需求。(bend to… 向……屈服)
4.opposite n.& adj.& prep. 相反的人(事物)(~of);相反的，对面的(~to)
在……的对面 动词为：oppose 反对(~doing)的名词为：opposition 反对
e.g.Black is the opposite of white. 与白色相反的是黑色。
He lives opposite me (或to me) .他住在我对面。
I live in the house opposite the station.
我住在火车站的对面。
The president opposes giving military aid to this country.
总统拒绝向该国提供军事援助。
There was a lof of opposition to the new road.
许多人反对建新公路。
5.focus n.&v. 焦点，中心；(使)集中(注意力)于……(~on)
e.g.He always wants to be the focus of attention.
他总是想成为受注意的焦点。
All eyes were focused on him.
大家的眼光都注视着他。
Focus your attention on your work.
把注意力集中在你的工作上。
Today we're going to focus on the question of homeless people.
今天我们集中讨论露宿者的问题。
其他与attention搭配的动词还有：
focus(或fix)one's attention on … 把注意力集中在……上
pay attention to … 注意……
catch/draw/call/attract one's attention 吸引某人的注意力
Ⅱ.句子精讲
6.You are late for a flight and you want to go ahead of the queue.
你要赶不上你的航班了，所以你想走到队伍前头。
go ahead 走在前面，先走；开始
e.g.You go ahead;we'll catch up with you later.
你先走，我们随后就赶上来。
“Do you mind if I smoke?”“Go ahead.” “我抽烟行吗？” “请吧”。
Go 所构成的短语还有：
(1)go after 追求；追(捕)
e.g.The dogs went after the wounded deer. 狗追受伤的鹿。
(2)go against 违反；违背
e.g.She went against her mother's wishes.
她违背了妈妈的意愿。
(3)go down 下降；降低 反义词为：go up 上升；上涨
e.g.The value of the dollar has gone down. 美元又贬值了。
(4)go in for 参加；喜欢
e.g.I don't go in for sports. 我不喜欢体育运动。
(5)go through 经历
e.g.The country has gone through too many wars.
这个国家经历了太多的战争。
(6)go without 没有……(供享用)
e.g.She went without sleep for 5 days. 她五天没睡觉。
(7)go off 爆炸；(食物)变坏；(电器)熄灭，中断
e.g.Don't touch that bomb;it might go off.
别碰那个炸弹，它会爆炸。
This milk has gone off. 牛奶酸了。
(8)go out (火)熄灭
e.g.The fire went out at last. 最后火灭了。
7.Could you give me a hand with this?
give(lend)a hand 帮助某人
hand 作为名词构成的短语还有：
(1)at hand 就要来了；不远了
e.g.The examinations are at hand. 就要考试了。
(2)by hand 手工(做的)；送来的(不是寄来的)
e.g.My shoes were made by hand. 我的鞋是手工制造的。
(3)hand in hand 手牵手；密切相联地
e.g.War and suffering go hand in hand.=war goes hand in hand with suffering.
战争与苦难密切相联。
(4)have a hand in… 参与；插手
e.g.Each of them had a hand in the matter.
他们每个人都参与这件事了。
(5)on the other hand (可是)另一方面
e.g.He is clever，but on the other hand,he makes many mistakes.
他很聪明，但另一方面，他犯了许多错误。
hand 作为动词用法：
(1)hand down 传给(后代)
e.g.These diamonds had been handed down in his family for generations.
这些钻石在他家里已经传了好几代了。
(2)hand on 传给另一人(表示依次传递)
e.g.The news was handed on from one person to another.
这个消息从一个人传到另一个人。
(3)hand in 上交 反义词：hand out 分发
e.g.Each student has to hand in a composition once a week.
每个学生一周得交一篇作文。
Santa Claus hands out the presents to kids.
圣诞老人把礼物分给孩子们。
8.There are also differences in how often we touch each other,how close we stand to someone we are talking to,and how we act when we meet or part.我们碰触对方的频率，我们与和我们谈话的人之间的距离，我们见面与分手时的表现方式，这些都有不同。
close to 靠近；接近于，差不多(to是介词)
e.g.The cost was close to $ 1 million.成本接近100万美元。
He came close to losing his temper.他差一点发脾气。
to 为介词的词组还有：
be/get used to 习惯于
be opposed to 反对
object to 反对
be devoted to 献身于
stick to 坚持
get down to开始着手做
lead to 导致
look forward to 期盼
pay attention to 注意
see to 处理，照料
be up to 忙于，从事
e.g.I'm looking forward to hearing from you as soon as possible.
我期待尽快收到你的信。
He sticks to writing his novel in spite of his illness.尽管病了，他还坚持写小说。
9.A smile can help us get through difficult situations and find friends in a world of strangers.
微笑可以帮助我们度过困难，在陌生人中找到知己。
get through 度过(时间等)；通过(考试)；(给……)接通电话；用完，吃完，做完
e.g.I got through everything except biology.除了生物，我其他科都及格了。
I tried to telephone you but I couldn't get through.
我试着给你打电话，但没打通。
Have you got through(with)your work?你做完工作了吗？
get构成的其他短语还有：
(1)get up起床；站起身
e.g.Everyone got up when the judge came in.
当法官进来的时候，大家都站了进来。
(2)get together 聚会
e.g.When can we get together for a drink?我们什么时候聚一聚喝一杯啊？
(3)get out of 逃避(责任)
e.g.you can't get out of paying your debt.你不能逃避还债。
(4)get rid of 摆脱，除掉；处理掉
e.g.I've tried all sorts of medicines to get rid of this cold.
为治好感冒，我试了各种药。
How can I get rid of all the flies in the kitchen?
我怎样才能消灭掉厨房的苍蝇？
(5)get along/on 进展；相处
e.g.How are you getting along with your English studies?你英语学得怎样了？
(6)get down 取下来；吃下去；记下来
e.g.Get down every word she says.记下她说的每一个字。
(7)get down to 开始着手做……
e.g.It's hard to get down to work after a nice holiday.
假期过后，很难一下子认真投入工作。
10.A smile can open doors and tear down walls,and it can be used to express almost any emotion.微笑可以开启大门、拆毁墙壁，它还可以被用来表达各种情感。
be used to do 被用来做……
比较：be used to doing 习惯于做……
used to do 过去曾经/常常做……
e.g.I used to get up at nine in the morning,but now I'm used to getting up early.
我过去常常早上九点钟才起床，但是现在我习惯于早起。
类似这种又可以接to do 又可以接doing,但两者意思却不相同的词语还有：
(1)remember/forget to do 记得/忘记做……(没做);remember/forget doing 记得/忘记做过……(做了)
(2)regret to do 遗憾/抱歉(得做……);regret doing 后悔做过……
(3)go on/stop to do 继续/停下来做……(另一件事);go on/stop doing 继续/停止做……(同一件事)
(4)try to do 努力；试图(表目的);try doing 尝试；试一试(表方法)
(5)mean to do 打算做……;mean doing 意味着……
(6)can't help (to)do 不能帮助做……;can't help doing 禁不住……
e.g.He regretted to say that he couldn't stay here any more.他很抱歉说他得走了。
He regretted buying these books.他后悔买了这些书。
e.g.He means to go to university,but going to college means working very very hard.
他打算上大学，但上大学意味着他需要非常非常努力。
11.Put numbers next to all the things in the order they occurred.
按事情发生的顺序，在其旁边标上数字。
occur 发生；存在；(某想法)出现在脑海中，(—to sb.)
e.g.Many accidents occur in the house.许多事故是发生在家里的。
Misprints occur on every page.每页都有印刷错误。
It suddenly occurred to me that we could use a computer.
我突然想到我们可以用计算机。
其他表示“发生”的词语还有：
(1)happen 与occur表示偶然发生的事情
e.g.When did the explosion happen/occur？爆炸什么时候发生的？
(2)take place 指经过安排的事情的发生
e.g.When will the wedding take place？ 婚礼什么时候举行？
(3)break out 指不愉快的事情突然发生
e.g.A fire/war broke out.发生了大火/战争爆发了。
Ⅲ.语法精讲
12.分词做定语
(1)分词或分词短语在句中作定语，在意思上和一个定语从句差不多。
e.g.There are a lot of boys on the sports ground playing(=who are playing)football.
运动场上有很多男孩在踢足球。
This village is made up of 490 families belonging(=which belong)to five nationalities.
这个村子有四百九十户人家，分属五个民族。
Suddenly there appeared a young woman dressed(=who was dressed)in green.
突然出现一个穿绿色衣服的女青年。
They're problems left (=which have been left)over by history.
这些是历史遗留下来的问题。
(2)分词作定语修饰名词，由被修饰的名词决定应用现在分词还是用过去分词。
e.g.What's the language spoken in that country (speak 的分词修饰language)
这个国家讲得是什么语言？
Are there many English-speaking countries in the world? (speak的分词修饰countries)
世界上有许多说英语的国家吗？
Here's a leaflet giving full details of the plan.(give的分词修饰leaflet)
这里有一张介绍这计划全部细节的传单。
The concert given by our orchestra was a great success.(give的分词修饰concert)
我们交响乐团的音乐会很成功。
(3)现在分词作定语时，分词表示正在进行的动作。
e.g.Did you see the man talking (=who was talking)to the dean?
和系主任谈话的那个人你看到了吗？
Tell the children playing(=who are playing)there not to make so much noise.
让那些在那儿玩的小孩别这么吵。
分词也可表示经常性动作或当时的状态。
e.g.They live in a room facing (=that faces)to the south.
他们住在一间朝南的房间里。
The factory making (=that makes)these pencils is a small one.
制造这种铅笔的是一个小厂。
(4)过去分词作定语时，分词表示的动作发生在谓语所表示的动作之前，或表示状态。
e.g.A letter posted (=that was posted)today will probably reach him the day after tomorrow.
今天发的信或许后天他能接到。
I hate to see letters written in pencil.我讨厌看铅笔写的信。
如果分词表示的动作当时正在发生，可以用being done 做定语。
e.g.He told us to keep a secret of the things being discussed.
他让我们对讨论的事保密。
That building being repaired is our library.
正在翻修的那座楼是我们的图书馆。
如果要表示一个未来的动作，可以用一个不定式的被动形式作定语。
e.g.You are invited to a party to be given (=which will be given)at 7:30 p.m.Dec 2.
十二月二日晚七时半举行晚会，敬请参加。
●迁移发散
13.Would you mind/Do you mind…？ 句型
此句型用于提出请求，接if从句或动名词。
e.g.Do you mind if I smoke in the office？我在办公室抽烟可以吗？
=Do you mind my(或me)smoking in the office ？
回答时，如表示“反对”，若用“Yes,I do.”则显得不太客气，因此一般说I'd rather you didn't.或You'd better not.或I'm afraid you can't.表示“同意”时，可用Certainly(not)或No,go ahead.或Not at all.或No,I don't.
e.g.—Do you mind taking the box downstairs now？
你现在把这个盒子搬下楼好吗？
—Certainly not.(=Not at all.)/Sorry,but I'm not free at the moment.
当然可以。/对不起，我现在没空。
注意：Would you mind if 句型中，if从句通常用一般过去时。
e.g.Would you mind if I smoked in the office？
类似句型还有：
(1)would rather + 句子 宁愿某人做……
e.g.I would rather he visited us today.我宁愿他今天来看我们。
I would rather he had visited us yesterday.我宁愿他昨天来看过我们。
(2)wish + 句子 希望……，但愿……
e.g.I wish they were here now.我希望他们现在在这。
I wish they hadn't come yesterday.我希望他们昨天没来过。
(3)It's time + 句子 该……，是做……的时候了
e.g.It's time that we got up.我们该起床了。
［过关题］How I wish every family__________a large house with a beautiful garden!
A.has B.had
C.will have D.had had
答案： B
［过关题］—Shall I come in？
—I'd rather you__________.
A.didn't B.don't
C.won't D.wouldn't
答案： A
14.order v.&n.点菜；订购；命令
e.g.Are you ready to order,sir？先生，你可以点菜了吗？
=Can I take your order now？
e.g.Our school has ordered (或has placed an order for )some new types of computer.
我们学校订购了几台新款电脑。
e.g.The doctor ordered her patient to take a month's rest.
医生吩咐病人休息一个月。
=The doctor ordered that her patient(should)take a month's rest.
order 表命令时从句用should do,should 可以省略。类似动词还有：
(1)要求：require,demand,request,insist
(2)建议：suggest, advise,propose
［过关题］The doctor insisted that he__________seriously ill and that he__________operated on immediately.
A.be;should be B.was ; be
C.was;must be D.should be;should be
答案：B
［过关题］It is my suggestion that the plan__________ carried out.
A.will not be B.must not be
C.not be D.be not
答案：C
15.avoid v.避开，避免
e.g.To avoid the city center,turn right here.
如果要避开市中心，请在这里向右拐。
He tried to avoid answering my question.他试图避而不答我的问题。
avoid 接动词时，只能接doing。类似动词还有：
admit (承认)，enjoy(喜欢)，escape(避开),imagine(想象),suggest(建议),mind(介意),keep(保持),finish(完成),practise(练习),risk(冒……的危险),delay(耽搁),excuse(原谅),miss(错过),appreciate(感激)
［过关题］The squirrel was lucky that it just missed__________.
A.catching B.to be caught
C.being caught D.to catch
答案：C
［过关题］I would appreciate__________back this afternoon.
A.you to call B.you call
C.your calling D.you're calling
答案：C
［过关题］Do you mind__________alone at home？
A.Jane leaving B.Jane having left
C.Jane's being left D.Jane to be left
答案：C
16.offer(主动) 提供
offer sb. sth.=offer sth. to sb.
e.g.He offered me a job in his company.他在他的公司给我提供了一份工作。
其他表示提供的词的用法：
(1)supply(提供所需具体的物品)
supply sth. to sb.=provide sb. with sth.
(2)provide(有免费供给的含义)
provide sth. for sb.=provide sb. with sth.
e.g.The parents provide food and education for the children.
父母向孩子们提供食物及教育。
［过关题］His father died and__________him a lot of money.
A.give B.left
C.sent D.offered
答案：B
课文背景阅读
Experts suggest that non-verbal body language has five main components.
They are:
·Tone and Pitch of Voice
·Eye contact
·Posture
·Gestures
·Use of space
These qualities can be subtle,culture specific and positive or negative depending on the circumstance.
Here are some suggestions for sending consistent and positive non-verbal messages:
1.In Western cultures—make eye contact with both men and women or you may be perceived as dishonest.
2.“Talk” is made more powerful by animation so try to use appropriate gestures when you are speaking.Repetitive gestures are sometimes seen as comical or deliberate so practice matching your gestures with speech so they seem natural.
3.Posture is a very good indicator of confidence.It is best to stand rather than sit.Keep weigh on both legs rather than rock back and forth or lean to one side.Keep your chin upwards and face forward.Be careful not to look rigid and remember to breathe.
4.Be respectful to people's personal space.Crowding or pushing others is considered aggressive and arrogant.It's like interrupting with your body.
5.Try to maintain your composure while speaking.Regardless of the content,speaking too quickly or too slowly in a high,uncontrolled pitch tells people you are nervous.
●课后训练
一、单项选择
1.We both strongly__________your going to Iraq at this time of the war.
It's not a wise decision.
A.enjoy B.oppose
C.appreciate D.insist
2.We happen to be of__________ age,and we all go in for__________American football.
A.the same;the B.不填；不填
C.an;不填 D.an;the
3.I know I shouldn't accept anything from such a person,but I found it difficult to turn down his__________.
A.plan B.offer
C.suggestion D.request
4.—She shouldn't have done that sort of thing.
—Whatever she did was reasonable,__________to what you had done.
Besides,it's none of your business.Get down to__________your lessons.
A.comparing;doing B.comparing;do
C.compared;doing D.compared;do
5.“Bill,keep the things__________here secret,will you？”said the manager after the meeting.
A.discussed B.being discussed
C.to be discussed D.having been discussed
6.Which do you enjoy__________your spare time,playing cards at home or taking a walk in the park?
A.spending B.to spend
C.having spent D.to have spent
7.A library with ten thousand books and novels__________to the nation as a gift.
A.is offered B.has offered
C.are offered D.have offered
8.—The housework is too much for me,Jack.
—Sorry,but I can't help it,Joan.I've got something important to do,you know.
A.do B.doing
C.to be doing D.having done
9.__________you mind if I opened the window?
A.Do B.Would
C.could D.Did
10.—That would mean__________much more money.
—Really?I don't mean__________any more money.
A.wasting;wasting B.to waste;to waste
C.to waste;wasting D.wasting;to waste
11.People often want to know what my job is.Often I__________that question.
A.ask B.am asking
C.get asked D.get asking
12.You are doing it in a wrong way.It__________this way.
A.used to do B.is used to doing
C.used to be done D.is used to do
13.—Car 17 won the race.
—Yes,but its driver came close to__________.
A.have been killed B.being killed
C.be killed D.killed
14.—Isn't it about time you__________to do morning exercises?
—Yes,it is.Would you like to join us?
A.begin B.have begun
C.begun D.began
15.The wonderful time they have been looking forward to__________finally arrived.
A.has B.had
C.have D.having
16.The picture__________on the wall is painted by my nephew.
A.having hung B.hanging
C.hangs D.being hung
17.Will those__________the children from abroad come to the headmaster's office?
A.teaching B.teach
C.who teaches D.who teaching
18.Most of us have already known the problems__________at the meeting which will be held tomorrow afternoon.
A.to discuss B.being discussed
C.to be discussed D.discussed
19.The building__________in your school is for us teachers though there is noise most of the day,we still feel happy.
A.built B.to be built
C.building D.being built
20.No computer so far__________can'have the same ability as human brains.
A.be built B.having built
C.being built D.built
21.Henry can't attend the party__________at Tom's house at present because he is preparing the speech at the party__________at Marie's house tomorrow.
A.held;being held B.to be held;to be held
C.to be held;held D.being held;to be held
22.As soon as they entered the room,the girl caught sight of the flowers__________ by her mother.
A.buying B.to buy
C.being bought D.bought
23.The Yellow River,__________to be“the mother river”,runs across China like a huge dragon.
A.saying B.to say
C.said D.being said
24.—The plan__________for the trip is very important.
—I see,but he is sure to work it out on time.
A.made B.to be made
C.making D.has been made
25.—Look!How busy the building workers are!
—Yes,I see.The houses__________by them will be completed next week.
A.built B.being built
C.to build D.to be built
26.There was a terrible noise__________the sudden burst of light.
A.followed B.following
C.to be followed D.being followed
27.Most of the artists__________to the party were from South America.
A.invited B.to invite
C.being invited D.has being invited
28.The computer Center,__________last year,is very popular among the students in this school.
A.open B.opening
C.having opened D.opened
29.The first textbooks__________for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.
A.having written B.to be written
C.being written D.written
30.The wolf said in a__________voice and the scholar felt__________.
A.frightening;frightened B.frightened;frightened
C.frightened;frightening D.frightening;frightening
二、完形填空
The great ship,the Titanic,sailed for New York from Southampton on April,10th 1912.She was 1 1316 passengers and a crew(航员)of 891.At that time,however,she was not only the largest ship 2 had ever been built,but was regarded 3 unsinkable,for she had sixteen water tight compartments(密封舱).Even 4 two of these were flooded,she would still be able to float.The 5 sinking of this great ship will always be remembered,for she went down on her first 6 with a heavy loss of life.
Four days after 7 out,while the Titanic was sailing 8 the icy waters of the north Atlantic,a huge iceberg was suddenly 9 .After the alarm had been given,the great ship turned sharply to 10 a direct hit.The Titanic turned just 11 time,narrowly missing the big wall of ice which rose over 100 feet out of the water beside her.Suddenly there was a trembling sound from 12 ,and the captain went down to see 13 had happened.The noise had been so weak that 14 thought the ship had been damaged.Below,the captain realized to his 15 that the Titanic was 16 rapidly,for five of the sixteen watertight compartments had already been flooded!The 17 to abandon(放弃)the ship was given 18 hundreds of people jumped into the icy water.As there were not enough 19 for everybody,1500 lives were 20 .
1.A.sending B.carrying C.bringing D.having
2.A.which B.it C.that D.who
3.A.as B.like C.for D.seemed
4.A.so B.then C.since D.if
5.A.happy B.lucky C.sad D.interesting
6.A.travel B.tour C.trip D.voyage
7.A.looking B.watching C.setting D.finding
8.A.through B.across C.over D.under
9.A.formed B.appeared C.seen D.established
10.A.receive B.avoid C.fight D.meet
11.A.in B.on C.ahead of D.behind
12.A.above B.below C.outside D.nearby
13.A.that B.which C.what D.how
14.A.everyone B.everybody C.nobody D.anybody
15.A.delight B.excitement C.joy D.horror
16.A.sinking B.rising C.stopping D.going
17.A.order B.idea C.question D.suggestion
18.A.but B.until C.although D.and
19.A.rooms B.lifeboats C.food D.lifebelt
20.A.died B.saved C.lost D.burnt
三、阅读理解
A
For an increasing number of students in American universities,Old is suddenly in.The reason is clear:the aging of America means jobs.Besides the aging of the baby-boom(生育高峰)population,a longer life means that the nation's elderly population is certain to grow greatly over the next 50 years.By 2050,25 percent of all Americans will be older than 65,up from 14 percent in 1995.The change causes some questions for government and society,of course.But it also creates jobs in medicine and health fields,and in law and business as well."Besides the doctors,we're going to need more sociologists,biologists,city planners and lawyers,"says Professor Edward Schneider of the University of Southern California's(USC)School of Gerontology(老人学)Lawyers can major in“elder law”,which covers everything including nursing-home abuse(虐待)and age discrimination(歧视).Businessmen see huge opportunities in the elder market because the baby boomers,74 million strong,are likely to be the wealthiest group of retires(退休者)in human history.“Any student who combines an expert knowledge in gerontology with,say,an MBA or law degree will have a license to print money,”one professor says.
Margarite Santos is a 21-year-old senior at USC.She began college as a biology major but found she was “really bored with biology”.So she took a class in gerontology and discovered that she liked it.She says,“I did volunteer(志愿的)work in retirement homes and it was very satisfying.”
1.“……Old is suddenly in”(Line1,Para.1)most probably means“__________”.
A.america has suddenly become a nation of old people
B.gerontology has suddenly become popular
C.more elderly professors are found in American colleges
D.older students begin to be admitted into American colleges
2.With the aging of America,lawyers can gain interest__________.
A.from the passing of the“elder law”
B.from offering special services to the elderly
C.by increasing their professional knowledge
D.by winning the trust of the elderly to gain their own interests
3.Who can make big money in the new century according to the passage?
A.Retirees who are interested in business.
B.The volunteer workers in retirement homes.
C.College graduates with an MBA or law degree.
D.Experts also with a good knowledge of gerontology.
4.It can be seen from the passage that the explosion of America's eldery population__________.
A.will provide good jobs in many areas
B.will bring a very big problem on society
C.may lead to nursing home abuse and age discrimination
D.will create new fields of study in universities
B
Americans are proud of their variety and individuality(个性),yet they love and respect few things more than a uniform,whether it is the uniform of a lift operator or the uniform of a five-star general.Why are uniforms so popular in the United States?
Among the arguments for uniforms,one of the first is that in the eyes of most people they look more professional than civilian(百姓的)clothes.People have become conditioned to expect higher quality from a man who wears a uniform.The television repairman who wears a uniform is likely to inspire more trust than one who appears in civilian clothes.Faith in the skill of a garage mechanic is increased by a uniform.
What easier way is there for a nurse,a policeman,a hairdresser,or a waiter to lose professional identity(职业身份)than to step out of uniform?
Primary among the argument against uniforms in their lack of variety and the loss of individuality experienced by people who must wear them.Though there are many types of uniforms,the wearer of any particular type is generally stuck with it,without change,until retirement.When people look alike,they are likely to think,speak,and act similarly on the job at least.Uniforms also give rise to some practical problems.Though they are long-lasting,often their initial expense is greater than the cost of civilian clothes.Some uniforms are also expensive to maintain,requiring professional dry cleaning rather than the home laundering possible with types of civilian clothes.
5.People are likely to think that a man in uniform__________.
A.suggests quality work
B.shows his social position
C.appears to be more practical
D.looks more fresh and attractive
6.Those who are against uniforms believe that people wearing uniforms__________.
A.are usually helpful B.have little freedom
C.lose personal character D.enjoy greater popularity
7.It can be concluded from the passage that__________.
A.people generally trust a person in uniform
B.people enjoy wearing comfortable uniform
C.the cost of the uniform is acceptable to people
D.people wear uniforms to show their professions
8.The underlined sentence tells us that__________.
A.it's impossible that people can be recognized more easily by their uniforms
B.people's identity can be recognized more easily by their uniforms
C.nurses and policemen must wear uniforms when working
D.people in those professions act in an easier way without uniforms
四、短文改错
This morning I went to a food store nearby buy some steamed 1.__________
bread.Before the man in the store packed the steamed bread in a 2.__________
small bag for me,I began to walk home with a bag in my hand. 3.__________
On my way I met Miss Wang,my next-door neighbour,was taking 4.__________
a walk with a dog.We greeted to each other and began to talk about 5.__________
the weather.As we were talking her dog came up at the bag in my 6.__________
hand because the steamed bread gave up a delicious smell.As a result 7.__________
some of the bread fell to the ground and the dog began to enjoy them 8.__________
What could we do?Miss Wang had to say sorry in a red face.I 9.__________
gave the steamed bread up to her dog happily and turn to go to the 10.__________
food store again.
五、书面表达
假定你是某中学的学生苗苗。三月五日是毛主席题词“向雷锋同志学习”四十周年纪念日，你们班围绕“新时期应不应该学习雷锋”的话题，开展了讨论。请根据下述内容，向报社写一封信，谈谈此事，并陈述你的观点。
| 一些学生的观点 | 另一些学生的观点 | 本人的观点 |
| 现在是市场经济时期，雷锋精神已经不适用了。 | 雷锋精神任何时候都不会过时，它是我们民族的精神 | 人人都离不开他人的帮助。 |
注意：
1.可根据内容要求作必要的发挥，但不能漏掉所给要点。
2.词数100左右，不包括已给出的部分。
3.信的开头已为你写好。
生词，周年纪念—anniversary;题词—inscription (03. 全国五联)
Dear editor,
I'm a middle school student.Today's the 40th anniversary of Chairman Mao's inscription“Learn from Comrade Lei Feng”.Our class held a meeting in memory of it …
Unit 21 Body language
一、单项选择
1.B oppose“反对”接doing。
2.C of an/the same age ，表示同龄；go in for表示“参加”，football前不加任何冠词。
3.B offer表示主动提出给予……(供对方 accept或 refuse)。
4.C compared to…作状语，表示“与……相比”； get down to doing…开始着手做某事。
5.A 讨论过的事。
6.B enjoy 的宾语是which,to do不定式为目的状语。
7.A 真正的主语是a library。
8.A 此处can't help (to) do sth. 表示不能帮助做某事。
9.B opened 用虚拟语气形式，所以用would。
10.D mean doing 意味着；mean to do 打算。
11.C get done表示被动。
12.C used to do“过去曾经做某事”。
13.B come close to 中to 为介词。
14.D It's (about/ high)time +句子，句子用虚拟语气。
15.A 此句中 look forward to 的宾语不是have，而是 the wonderful time。
16.B hanging表示状态。
17.A teaching做定语。
18.C “将要被讨论的”问题。
19.D “正在被建的”大楼。
20.D 表示被动和完成。
21.D 前一空表示“正在被召开的”party；后一空表示“将要被举行的”party。
22.D 她妈妈买的花。
23.C the Yellow River 与say 的关系为被动。
24.B 旅行计划“将被制订出”。
25.B “正在被建的”房屋下周竣工。
26.B “noise”紧跟着“light”,故noise与follow之间是主动关系。
27.A “被邀请去晚会的”艺术家。
28.D “去年开的”计算机中心，表被动和完成。
29.D 表被动和完成。
30.A frightening “令人害怕的”，修饰物(voice)；frightened “感到害怕的”,修饰人(the scholar)。
二、完形填空
1.B carry 装载。
2.C 先行词中有最高级修饰，关系代词用that。
3.A regard…as…认为……是……。
4.D even if 即使。
5.C sad悲惨的。
6.D voyage表示航海旅行。
7.C set out出发， 动身。
8.B 在北大西洋的冰水中航行。
9.C form,establish建立；appear(vi.)出现；be seen出现，被看到。
10.B avoid 避免。
11.A in time及时。
12.B below与下文…went down…对应。
13.C 发生了什么事。
14.C 因为声音极小，所以无人想到船毁坏了。
15.D horror恐怖，to one's horror 使某人恐惧的是。
16.A sink 下沉。
17.A give an order to do sth.下命令。
18.D 表示然后。
19.B 救生船。
20.C died不能用被动形式。
三、阅读理解
1.B in 表示“流行，受欢迎”； old 指老人学。
2.B 从第二段可以看出律师也可以从这一社会现象中获益。
3.D 从第二段最后一句话看出。
4.A 美国人口的老龄化， 使许多领域的人受益。
5.A 第二段第二句话说明。
6.C 第三段第一句话。
7.A 从第二段可以看出。
8.B 通过制服很容易辨认人们的身份。
四、短文改错
1.buy前加to 2.Before→After 3.a→the 4.was前加who或去掉was 5.去掉第一个to 6.√ 7.up→off 8.them→it 9.in→with 10.turn→turned
五、书面表达
Dear editor,
I'm a middle school student.Today's the 40th anniversary of Chairman Mao's inscription“Learn from Comrade Lei Feng”.Our class held a meeting in memory of it.At the meeting we had a discussion about“Should we learn from Lei Feng in the New Period”.Some students consider that we're now living in a period of market economy,so the spirit of Lei Feng is no longer useful.Some even think it foolish to help others without any reward.But some think Lei Feng's is the spirit of our nation,so we should forever follow Lei Feng's example and do good deeds for the people.
In my opinion,we should not only learn from Comrade Lei Fang,but carry his spirit forward.None of us can do without others'help or care,and at the same time they also need our help.
Yours,
Miao Miao