Unit 18 New Zealand
●目标导引
Ⅰ.单词及短语
beyond,lie,sign,habit,turn to,prepare,be made up of,come to
Ⅱ.语法
It的用法
●内容精讲
Ⅰ.单词及短语精讲
1.beyond prep.
(1)(场所)在……的那一边
e.g.We can see the sea beyond the town.我们可以看见城镇那边的海。
The river is beyond the hill.河是在山的那一边。
(2)(程度)超出…，为…所不能及
e.g.Don't live beyond your income.不要入不敷出。
beyond my power 超出我的能力范围。
The writing is beyond any/all praise.文章写得十分出色。(超出任何表扬)。
“beyond +名词”可以表达距离，也可以表达抽象意义，如beyond one's reach与out of one's reach意义相同，但beyond the reach of our imagination (超出我们想象所能达到的)，仅能用“beyond+名词”表达此抽象含义。
2.lie 要注意lie不同的词义对应的过去式、过去分词及现在分词
lie(lay；lain;lying)躺，位于；lie(lied;lied;lying)说谎；lay(laid;laid;laying)放置；产卵
e.g.Don't lie in bed all morning!别一上午都躺在床上！
The town lies near the river.城镇位于河流附近。
The man lied to his wife.他对妻子撒谎。
She often tells lies.她常说谎。
Lay the books on the table.把书放在桌子上。
A black hen lays a white egg.黑鸡下白蛋。
If you so much as lay a finger on my boy,I'll call the police.
你敢动我儿子一下，我就叫警察。
3.It is made up of two large islands.它是由两大岛屿构成的。
要掌握一些make的搭配
be made from…由…制成(看不见原材料)
be made of…由…制成(看得见原材料)
be made in to 制成…
be made in 由…制造(接制造地)
be made up of 由…构成，组成(=be composed of =consist of=constitute)
make up(1)编造 (2)和解，言归于好 (3)化妆，打扮
make up for 弥补
make use of 利用
make up one's mind 打定主意，决定
make sense 讲得通，有意义
make fun of 取笑
e.g.Paper is made from wood.纸由木材制成。
Table is made of wood.桌子由木材制成。
Wood can be made into paper and table.木材可制成纸和桌子。
This watch is made in China.这种表由中国制造。
Our class is made up of 20 boys and 25 girls.
我们班由20个男生和25个女生组成。
He made up a wonderful story.他编了一个很美的故事。
Did he make up to you?他跟你和解了吗？
You should make up for lost time.
你应说把失去的时间弥补回来。
We should make full / good use of our time.
我们应充分/好好利用时间。
I have made up my mind to go.我打定主意要走。
What you said doesn't make any sense,so I can't make sense of it.
你说的毫无意义，因此，我无法理解。
4.some
(1)some作定语，可修饰可数与不可数名词，表示“一些”。
e.g.Let's get some fruit for the children.
为孩子们拿些水果。
(2)some用于单数名词前表示“某一”，相当于“a certain”.
Some man at the door is asking to see you.门口有人要见你。
We expect him back some time next week.
我们期望他下周某个时间回来。
(3)some用于数词前表示“大约”。
Some thirty people attended the meeting.参加会议的约有30人。
Ⅱ.句子精讲
5.Captain James Cook took possession of the islands in 1769….
詹姆斯库克船长于1769年占领了这些岛屿。
possession n.拥有，占有；possessions:财产；possess v.拥有
(1)sb. be in possession of sth.占有，拥有，持有。
e.g.He is in possession of the keys.他持有钥匙。
(2)sth. be in one's possession =sth. be in the possession of sb.
在某人手中由某人掌握。
e.g.The keys are in his possession.钥匙在他手里。
(3)take possession of 拿过来，夺取，没收。
e.g.The policeman took possession of the thief's bag.警察没收了小偷的包。
注意：charge (n.负责，管理)的用法与possession 基本相同。
(1)sb. be in charge of sth. = sb. take charge of sth. 负责……
e.g.She is in charge of this class.
=She takes charge of this class.她负责这个班。
(2)sth. be in the charge of sb. = sth. be in sb's charge 由……管。
e.g.This class is in the charge of her.
=This class is in her charge.这个班由他管。
6.…and the Maori signed an agreement with these settlers.
……毛利人与这些殖民者签订协议。
sign n.
(1)记号，符号，手势，信号
e.g. She put her finger to her lips as sign to be quiet.
她把手指放到嘴上示意大家安静。
(2)标志，告示
e.g.Pay attention to road signs.注意路标。
(3)迹象，征兆
e.g.Clouds are a sign of rain.乌云是下雨的征兆。
v.(1)签名，签字。
e.g.Sign here,please.请在这里签字。
(2)打信号，做手势
e.g.The policeman signed to me to stop.警察示意让我停下来。
sign 的短语搭配
sign one's name 签名，sign to sb (not)to do sth. 示意某人(不)做某事。
the/a sign of ……的迹象
7.To eat too much junk food is not a good habit.吃太多的垃圾食品不是好习惯。
habit n.习惯(个人的)
e.g.He is in the habit of smoking.他有抽烟的习惯。
Habit is second nature.［谚］习惯成自然。
与habit 搭配的短语
have the habit of…有…的习惯
get/fall into the habit of……染上…的习惯
get rid of/kick the habit…改掉了…习惯
注意区别habit,custom与practice
habit侧重个人的习惯，而custom指的是社会或团体的风俗，习俗。长久做某事而形成practice习俗 (惯例),可数名词。
e.g.I've got into the habit of switching on TV as soon as I get home.
我已养成一到家就打开电视的习惯。
It's difficult to get used to another country's customs.
要适应另一国家的风俗习惯是很困难的。
It's not the usual practice for shops to stay open after 8 o'clock.
商店在八点以后还营业并非常例。
8.The majority of people speak English.大多数人讲英语。
majority n.大部分 反义词：minority 较小部分，少数民族。
e.g.The majority of doctors believe smoking is harmful to health.
大多数的医生认为吸烟有害健康。
注意：major adj.:较大的，较多的，主要的。
n.:主修科目。
v. :主修
e.g.The car needs major repairs.这车子需要大修。
My major is English.我的主修专业是英语。
She majored in maths and physics at university.她在大学主修数学和物理。
9.Maori children are taught at an early age what to do when they come to the rally.毛利人孩子很小的时候就被教会到达集会时做什么。
come to
(1)到达。e.g.The water came to my waist.水深达我的腰部。
(2)涉及，谈到。e.g.When it comes to politics,I know nothing.
谈到政治我一无所知。
(3)总共，共计。e.g.The bill came to 1,000 yuan.账款共计一千元。
(4)come to oneself:恢复知觉，苏醒。
After a while,he came to himself.过了一会儿，他苏醒过来。
10.Some farmers have turned to keeping deer.一些农民已经转向养鹿。
turn to
(1)转向… eg:He turned to country music.他转向了乡村音乐。
(2)向…求助：
She has nobody she can turn to.她求助无门。
(3)翻到(某一页)：e.g.Turn to Page 8,please.请翻到第八页。
turn 的搭配词组：
turn back 返回,turn in (上交，归还)
turn down (关小，拒绝)， turn off (关掉)
turn on ( 打开)，turn out (结果证明是)
turn up (把…开大一点；出现，露面)
11.The best way to prepare for the test is during your six years at high school.
最好的准备考试的办法是在中学六年期间。
prepare v.
prepare sth.准备；谓语动作直接体现在宾语上。
e.g.She is preparing supper.她正在准备晚饭。
prepare for sth.为……做准备；for的宾语一般只是谓语动作要达到的目的。
e.g.The troops were being prepared for battle.部队已作好战斗准备。
be prepared for对某事作好准备。
e.g.I knew there were problems,but I was not prepared for this.
我知道有些问题，却未料到这一点。
She was prepared for anything to happen.她已准备应付一切。
be prepared to do sth.准备并愿意做某事
e.g.I'm prepared to lend you the money if you promise to pay it back.
我愿意把钱借给你，你得答应还给我。
prepare sb. for sth.使某人对某事有所准备。
prepare yourself for a nasty shock!有件令人十分震惊的事你要有所准备。
Ⅲ.语法精讲
12.It 的用法。
13.deep 与 deeply,high 与 highly
deep那可以是 adj. 又可以是 adv.,而deeply 只是 adv.
当deep作 adv.时，表示具体的深度，包括时间和空间；deeply则表示抽象的比喻的意义，可以修饰形容词和过去分词，deep不能。
high与highly也是如此。
e.g.We had to dig deep to find water.我们必须挖得很深才能发现水。
He went on studying deep late/far into the night.他继续学习到深夜。
He sat there,deep / lost in thought.他坐在那沉思。
Love her deeply.深深地爱着她。
He is deeply moved by her story.他深深地被她的故事打动。
fly high 飞得高，jump high跳得高。
They spoke highly of the book.他们高度赞扬那本书。
A highly paid official.薪俸优厚的官员。
［过关题］
(1)She is __________ interested in physics.She often works at it until __________into the night.
A.deeply; deep B.deep; deep
C.deep; deeply D.deeply; deeply
答案：A
(2)The boy is flying the kite __________and he is __________praised by his sister.
A.high; high B.highly; high
C.high; highly D.highly; highly
答案：C
课文背景阅读
Government
In Australia and New Zealand
Like the USA,Australia is a federation of states,but both federal and state governments are run on British,not American lines.Australian members of Parliament are elected by proportional representation.Everyone aged 18 and over has to vote in federal and state elections.Anyone who does not bother to vote has to pay a fine.There are two main parties,Labour,a middle-of-the road socialist party,and the Liberal Party,which stands for free enterprise.
The New Zealand Parliament has only one House,which it calls the House of Representatives.Otherwise the whole New Zealand parliamentary system is very like that of the UK.There are two parties,the Labour Parry and the National Party,which is a conservative welfare party.The queen is head of both the Australian and the New Zealand governments,but is represented in both cases by a Governor-General.
●课后训练
一、单项选择
1.—What did you think of the concert given by the famous Hong Kong singer?
—Not so good.In fact,it__________to be a great disappointment.
A.turned up B.turned in
C.turned down D.turned out
2.It's__________practice to bring a present to the hostess when one is invited to dinner.
A.general B.usual
C.ordinary D.common
3.If you want to see a doctor,you will fix a date with him ahead of time.That is a common __________in the USA.
A.sense B.practice
C .rule D.reality
4.The dictionary still__________where I__________it a minute ago.
A.lies;laid B.lied ;lay
C.laid ;laid D.lies ;lay
5.His letter was so confusing that I could hardly make any__________of it.
A.explanation B.meaning
C.sense D.guess
6.__________tennis,I know nothing.
A .When I come to B.When it comes to
C. Where I come to D.Where it comes to
7.I know that Bob is not much of a football player,but when it__________to maths,he is among the top three in the class.
A.refers B .goes
C.comes D.concerns
8.Enough of it!No one here thinks what you are saying should make any __________.
A.sense B.value
C.use D.fun
9.When he realized the police had seen him,the man__________the exit as quickly as possible.
A.made off B.made for
C.made out D.made up
10.The Foreign Minister walked onto the platform,seated himself in a chair and__________for answering questions.
A.had prepared B.being prepared
C.prepared D.preparing
11.His famous artwork that can be seen in the museum is__________all praise.
A.with B.within
C.without D.beyond
12 .Although he was disabled when he was only ten years old,yet he aimed__________,for which everyone spoke__________of him.
A.high ; high B.highly ;highly
C.highly; high D.high;highly
13.Her brother__________to leave her in the dark room alone when she disobeyed his order.
A.declared B.threatened
C.warned D.exclaimed
14.It looks as if they are going to__________us a lot of money for the concert hall.
A.demand B.cost
C.charge D.ask
15.－Your coffee smells great !
—It's from Mexico.Would you like__________?
A.it B.some
C.this D.little
16.－Look at that lady on the stage.She's already forty.
－You are joking.She doesn't look__________.
A.so B.it
C.that D.this
17.If you can dream__________,you can do__________.
A.one;it B.it; one
C.one;one D.it;it
18.Everybody thinks little of the film.In fact,there is no__________of it being tried out in the film festival.
A.sign B.use
C.possibility D.doubt
19.After__________seemed half an hour,the teacher gave us the correct answer.
A.that B.what
C.which D.it
20.The Parkers bought a new house but__________will need a lot of new work before they can move in.
A.they B.it
C.one D.which
21.Was__________that I saw last night at the concert?
A.it you B .not you
C .you D.that yourself
22.I hate__________when people talk with their mouths full.
A.it B.that
C.these D.them
23.__________is a pity that you forgot both her address and her telephone number.
A.That B.This
C.It D.There
24.He said,“__________a long way to school.__________a long way to go before we arrive.”
A.It is;There is B.There is;It is
C.It is;It is D.There is;There is
25.People in the western countries make __________a rule to buy Christmas presents for their relatives and friends.
A.that B.it
C.this D.as
26.－Few children are as bright as he is,and also,he works very hard.
－It's no__________that he always gets the first place in any examination.
A.question B.doubt
C.problem D.wonder
27.Will you see to__________that the luggage is brought back
A.me B.yourself
C.it D.them
28.－Who is making so much noise in the garden？
－__________the children.
A.It is B.They are
C.It can't be D.There are
29.The people there felt__________not so difficult to work with him.
A.it B.its
C.it's D.this
30.What a long way__________from Beijing to London !
A.is B.it I
C.it is D.that is
二、完形填空
The 1 picked up the thermos and poured some hot water into the tea-cup placed it on the small table in front of his 2 ,who were a father and daughter,and put the lid on the cup with a click.Apparently 3 of something,he hurried into the inner room,leaving the 4 on the table.His two guests heard a chest of drawers opening and a rustling (飒飒地响)They 5 sitting in the living-room,the 10-year-old daughter looking at the flowers outside the window.The father was just about to take his cup when the 6 came,right there in the living-room.Something was hopelessly broken.
It was the thermos,which had fallen to the floor.The girl looked 7 her shoulder at once,startled(吓一跳)， 8 .It was 9 .Neither of them had touched it,not even a little bit.
The sound caused the host to rush back from the inner room.He looked at the 10 floor and blurted out,“It doesn't matter,it doesn't matter !”
The father started to say something.Then he muttered,“Sorry,I 11 it and it fell.”
“It doesn't matter,”the host said.
Later,when they left the house,the daughter said,“Daddy,I saw your 12 in the windowpane(玻璃窗).You were sitting perfectly 13 .Why did you say…？”
The father 14 .“What then would you 15 as the cause of its fall?”“It fell by itself.The floor is uneven (不平).It wasn't steady when Mr.Li put it there.”
“It won't 16 ,girl.It sounds more 17 when I knocked it down.There are things people accept less the more you 18 them.The truer your story is,the less true it sounds.”
The daughter was 19 in silence for a while.Then she said,“Can you 20 it only this way？”
“only this way.”the father said.
1.A.owner B.host C.guest D.master
2.A.friends B.neighbors C.children D.guests
3.A.knowing B.remembering C.hearing D.thinking
4.A.thermos B.cup C.lid D.tea
5.A.enjoyed B.remained C.imagined D.hated
6.A.stranger B.host C.crash D.noise
7.A.around B.at C.behind D.over
8.A.staring B.watching C.shouting D.crying
9.A.helpless B.exciting C.strange D.terrible
10.A.broken B.steaming C.dirty D.flooded
11.A.touched B.used C.hit D.moved
12.A.face B.shadow C.reflection D.action
13.A.calm B.still C.silent D.straight
14.A.shouted B.murmured C.laughed D.repeated
15.A.tell B.make C.accept D.give
16.A.do B.help C.go D.fit
17.A.comfortable B.friendly C.acceptable D.agreeable
18.A.defend B.support C.discuss D.argue
19.A.kept B.shut C.worried D.lost
20.A.do B.explain C.make D.manage
三、阅读理解
A
A world of opportunity
The New York Times is better ever－All the reason to home delivery now.
NEW-SEPARATE sections for The Arts,Monday through Thursday,and Sports 7 days a week that you can pull out,take with you or pass along.
NEW-THE Dining,In,Dining Out section,Wednesday,a banquet of great meals you can make yourself,order up or eat out.
NEW-The House &Home section.Thursday,filled with useful,interesting features and articles about making the most of all sorts,Friday with more ideas about movies,shows,art exhibitions,outdoor and indoor recreation.
Latest news and sports results daily.And of course,daily world and national news,Sunday's special sections and all the other great features you'll continue to find in The Time.
Find out just how much you can benefit The Time every day.
Call 1-800-331-1969 or use the postage paid order card to order convenient home delivery at 50% off our regular price.
1.If you want to find out the detailed information of films,you should__________.
A.call 1-800-331-1969
B.go over the house and home section
C.read the Arts section
D.read Weekend section
2.If you want to order home delivery,you should__________.
A.send E-mails to the sales office
B.telephone sales manager of The Times
C.use the order card
D.read Weekend section
3.Which of the following is NOT right?
A.The Times has improved a great deal.
B.The Times sells at a lower price than before.
C.Many of the good features of The Times remain unchanged.
D.You will learn a lot by reading The Times every day.
4.The owner of the passage advertises__________.
A.to introduce the new sections
B.to announce the new edition of The Times
C.to persuade people to buy The Times
D.make known his new plan of The Times
B
A picture,a calendar or even a ballon may be the best way for millions of people living in China's vast country areas to learn about AIDS,one of the biggest threats to public health in the world today.
China has decided to use user friendly methods including exhibitions,VCDs and TV programmes to spread knowledge of the disease across the nation to try to keep it in check.
Educating people nationwide about AIDS is the top priority (优先权)to prevent the disease from getting out of hand.The farmers will be given knowledge in the easiest way that they can understand.
A recent survey from the commission(调查团)of more than 7 000 people in China showed that nearly 20 percent of them had never heard of AIDS before.Just over 71 percent said they knew AIDS was highly infectious(传染的)，but most of them had no clear idea of how the disease could be spread .Just over 62 percent said they knew they could do things in advance to prevent them catching AIDS but they didn't know what these measures were.The month long survey,carried out last December,talked to people in seven countries and cities across China including both developed coastal areas and the less-developed inland areas.The interviewees changed from 15 to 49 years old,and country residents were about 63%of the total surveyed.
Chinese residents,especially those in the country,have very little knowledge about what AIDS is all about,not to,mention prevention and treatment.By the end of last year,there were 22 517 known HIV/AIDS cases in China.However,more than 6 000 000 people in China have been infected.
Since 1985,China has discovered 880 patients with AIDS-466 of them have died.sharing needles,prostitution(卖淫)and contaminated blood transfusions are major ways for HIV to prevent AIDS,especially in the countryside.
5.After reading the passage,we know that__________.
A.most people in the country don't know what AIDS is
B.AIDS is not serious in the Chinese mainland
C.China has taken many measures to control AIDS
D.TV programmes are the only useful way in spreading knowledge of AIDS in the countryside
6.The author's purpose in writing the passage is to__________.
A.show his concern about the health of people
B.make people know about AIDS
C.call on people to fight against AIDS
D.tell us people are short of the knowledge of AIDS
7.The greatest difficulty against the nationwide effort to prevent AIDS lies in__________.
A.misunderstanding of peopleB.the shortage of money
C.its infectionD.lack of education
8.“Since 1985,China has discovered 880 patients with AIDS-466 of them had died.”Do you know why？
A.Because their families refused to cure them.
B.Because they had been in low spirits for a long time.
C.Because there weren't enough effective measures to treat AIDS.
D.Because they couldn't lead a normal life like other heathy people.
9.It is judged that there are__________ people hit by AIDS in China at present.
A.22 527 B.over 6 000 000
C.880 D.over 7 000
四、短文改错
It rained very heavy last summer and the little 1.__________
stream near our house became a big river.It burst banks 2.__________
and the fields all round was soon full of water.Luckily 3.__________
the water didn't reach for any of the houses in our 4.__________
village.And the bursting water from the river 5.__________
carry away our beautiful wooden bridge,which 6.__________
was more than three hundred years old and we were 7.__________
very sorry to lose the oldest thing that we have had 8.__________
for so long time.We're building a new one,but it 9.__________
will not be the same bridge which we had before! 10.__________
五、书面表达
清华大学副教授张海涛曾是美国加利福尼亚大学的访问学者。他发现清华附中(the Attached Middle School of Qinghua University)的学生李明成绩特优，即将毕业，又通过了(TOFEL)考试，特为他写一封信给加利福尼亚大学物理系Berkeley教授，推荐李明直接入该大学就读。
内容还包括：
1.去年在国际奥林匹克物理竞赛中获二等奖。
2.品德值行称道，他有礼貌，尊敬师长，遵守校规，与同学和睦相处。
3.是个极有希望的(promising)学生。
说明：字数１００左右；开头已给出。
Dear Sir,
I'm taking pleasure in recommending to you Li Ming who hopes to attend your university for a physics student.
Unit 18 New Zealand
一、单项选择
1.D turn out to be 结果最终为……。
2.D common practice 为固定搭配。
3.B 固定搭配。
4.A 注意lie 的各种词义及过去式。
5.C make sense of sth.理解。
6.B when it comes to sth.当涉及到……时。
7.C 固定搭配。
8.A make sense 有意义， 行得通。
9.B make for… 朝……走。
10.C 此题考查的是动词各种形式， 三个动作并列， 选C。
11.D beyond all praise无以伦比。
12.D speak highly of… 对……评价高。
13.B
14.C charege 索价。
15.B 委婉语气。
16.B it 替代年龄。
17.D 谚语“只要能梦想的，就能实现。”
18.C 固定搭配。
19.B 位于介词after 之后的主语用what。
20.B
21.A 强调句型的一般疑问句。
22.A hate 不能直接接从句。要用it 做形式宾语。
23.C 固定搭配。
24.A it 指距离。There be 指存在。
25.B make it a rule中it 做形式宾语。
26.D 固定搭配。
27.C see to it 确保。
28.A 强调句型。
29.A feel 后的it 做形式宾语。
30.C it指距离。
二、完形填空
1.B 上下文看此处应添“主人”，主客之间应用host。
2.D 同上。
3.D think of 为……想起。
4.A 上下文暗示。
5.B remain 为“保持”。
6.C 爆裂声应用“crash”。
7.D 越过……用over。
8.A 因惊吓，好奇而盯着看用stare at。
9.C strange 为“奇怪”， “不理解”。
10.B 以为是热水，所以应是“热气腾腾”。
11.A 碰触用touch。
12.C 人的倒影用reflection,shadow是影子。
13.B
14.C 笑着说用laugh,而murmur 为咕哝。
15.D 给出解释。
16.A 有用的，有效的，用do。
17.C 可接受的，用acceptable。
18.A
19.D 因前有was故选last,以为迷惑不解。
20.B
三、阅读理解
1.D 从第五段中找。
2.C 从最后一段找。
3.B 上下文。
4.C 广告的目的是为了增加销售量。
5.A 从第一段中找。
6.C 全文理解。
7.D 从第四段首句中得知。
8.C 从最后一段得知。
9.B
四、短文改错
1.heavy→heavily 2.banks前加its 3.was→were 4.去掉for 5.And→But 6.carry→carried 7.√ 8.have had→had had 9.time前加→a 10.which→as
五、书面表达
Dear Sir,
I'm taking pleasure in recommending to you Li Ming who hopes to attend your university for a physics student.
Li Ming is about to graduate from the Attached Middle School of Qinghua University.He has got excellent marks for all the subjects he learnt and passed TOFEL.Last year he won the second prize in the International Olympic Physics Competition.As for his moral character,he is also well worth praising.He is polite and respectful to all his teachers.At school he is always obeying the school rules and getting on well with his fellow students.He is one of the most promising students I have ever known.I strongly recommend him in his application.
It will be greatly appreciated if you will give Li Ming a chance to study in your university.
Yours Sincerely
Zhang haitao