Unit 17 Famous women
●目标导引
Ⅰ.单词及短语
inspire; mean; threaten;regret; value; refer to…;term promise;allow
Ⅱ.语法:主谓一致
●内容精讲
Ⅰ.单词及短语精讲
1.inspire v.(1)鼓舞，激励 (2)激发，促成。名词为inspiration
e.g.(1)I was inspired to work harder.我受到鼓舞更努力工作。
(2)His best music was inspired by the memory of his mother.
他对母亲的怀念促使他谱出了最出色的音乐。
2.mean
adj. (1)小气的，吝啬的 (2)平均的
v.(1)表示(意义) (2)意欲，想要做……
(3)决定做……(4)(因能力，命运等)注定
e.g. adj.(1)He is very mean and he never lends anything to us.
他非常小气，从不借给我们东西。
(2)The mean yearly rainfall is 20 inches.
年平均雨量是二十英寸。
v.(1)What does this French word mean?
这个法语词是什么意思？
(2)She said Tuesday,but she meant Thursday.
她说星期二，可是她心里想的是星期四。
I mean to go tomorrow.我打算明天走。
(3)I mean what I say.我是言出必行。
(4)He is not meant for a soldier and will always be unhappy in the army.
他不是当兵的料，在军队里永远不会快乐。
［注意］：meaning n. 意义，含义
means n. 方法，方式(单复数同形)
e.g.The quickest means of travel is by plane.最快的交通工具是飞机。
3.threaten vt.恐吓；威胁；预示危险 threat n.威胁，恫吓，有……的危险
e.g.I was threatened with a beating if I didn't obey.
如果我不听话，就会有被打的危险。
The killer threatened to murder me if I didn't obey.
杀人犯扬言我不听话的话就要把我杀掉。
The black clouds threateed rain.
天上乌云密布怕要下雨了。
e.g.The Chinese don't take their threat seriously.
中国人不把他们的威胁当一回事儿。
While the killer goes free he is a threat to everyone in the town.
杀人犯逍遥法外，对镇上的每一个人都是一大威胁。
There is a threat of rain.
有下雨的迹象。
threaten sb.with sth.用……威胁某人，threaten to do sth.威胁要做某事
under the threat of …在……的威胁下
4.regret n.遗憾；悔恨；抱歉 vt.遗憾；后悔
e.g. n.They said goodbye with great regret.他们满怀遗憾地告别。
I left my home with some regret.我满怀许多遗憾离开了家。
vt.regret to do 遗憾地去说，去告知……
regret doing 后悔做过了
e.g.He regretted to say that he couldn't stay here any more.
他遗憾地说不能再呆下去了。
He regretted buying these books.
他后悔买了这些书。
5.value n.价值，价格 vt.估价；珍视，重视
adj.valuable 值钱的 valueless不值钱的
e.g. n.Your ideas have little value.=Your ideas are of little value.
你的主意，没有多少价值。
vt.He valued the house at $3 500 他对这所房子估价为三千五百美金。
I've always valued your friendship/your advice.
我一向珍重你的友谊/重视你的意见。
Ⅱ.句子精讲
6.It has been said that life is difficult as it is.据说生活就是这样艰难。
与此相似的用法有know,report,expect等等。
e.g.People say that he is a good dancer.
=It is said that he is a good dancer.
=He is said to be a good dancer.据说他是一个好的舞蹈家。
7.What's become of her？她怎么了？相当于What has happened to her?
become of 意为“发生……情况”“……怎么啦”。
e.g.What has become of my umbrella?我的雨伞怎么啦？
8.Sandra used to be a good singer.
Sandra 过去是个很好的歌手。(现在已不是了)
used to do意为“过去习惯做……，现在不做了”；只用于过去时态。
be used to sth./doing sth. = be accustomed to sth./doing sth. 意为“习惯于做某事”；可用于现在、过去、将来等多种时态。be可用get,become等来代替。
be used to do sth. 意为“被用来做……”。
e.g.He used to get up at 6:00 a.m.他过去早上六点起床。
He is used / accustomed to getting up at 6：00 a.m.他现在习惯早晨六点起
床。
Wood is used to make tables.木头用来做桌子。
9.Imagine you are traveling alone to the South pole.设想你正在南极旅游。
imagine: vt.想象，设想 imagination n. 想象力
adj. imaginary 虚构的，想象出来的 想象的，有想象力的
e.g.You can imagine my surprise.你能想象出我有多么吃惊。
You can't imagine how I miss my parents.你无法想象我多么想念我的父母。
Can you imagine George cooking the dinner?你能想象乔治烧饭吗？
必须接动名词的动词有：finish,miss(错过),enjoy,practise,admit(承认),avoid(避
免)，
appreciate(感激),escape(逃脱),mind,risk(冒险),suggest,delay(耽搁),deny(否认)
10.Another journey of challenge and danger was about to begin.
又一次富于挑战
和危险的旅程就要开始了。
be about to do sth.表示“正要(即将)做某事”(不与表示将来的时间状语连用)
e.g.The meeting is about to begin.(√)
The meeting is about to begin in 5 minutes.(×)
be about to do sth.经常与when 搭配，这种结构可以替换成
be on the point of doing sth.…when…
e.g.I was about to go to bed when the phone rang.
= I was on the point of going to bed when the phone rang.
我正要上床睡觉这时电话响了。
Ⅲ.语法精讲
11.主谓一致
英语句子中主语和谓语在人称和数方面的一致是英语中最基本的语法项目之一，三个重
要原则是：语法一致、意义一致、就近原则。在这里我们主要介绍集合名词主谓一
致的用法。
(1)有些集合名词，如：police,cattle(牛群)，people,militia(民兵)，poultry(
家禽)，folk(民众)等形式上是单数，但意义上是复数，谓语动词需用复数。
e.g.Many people are on the side of the winners.许多人站在获胜者那边。
The police have caught the thief.警察已抓到了小偷。
Cattle are eating grass.牛群正在吃草。
(2)有些集合名词，如：family,committee(委员会)，class,crowd,crew(全体船员)，
team,public,group,government(政府)，若作为一个整体看待，谓语用单数；若着眼
于组成该集体的一个个成员或个体时，谓语用复数。
e.g.Our family is not poor any more.我们家不再穷了。
My family all speak English.我家人都说英语。
The population of China is large,and 80% of the population are peasants.
中国人口众多，80%的人口是农民。
●迁移发散
12.through prep.
(1)从……通过，穿过
e.g.The River Thames flows through London.泰晤士河流经伦敦。
比较：across是从平面或表面穿过，如across the street,而along 是沿着……走。
(2)在……中，一直到
e.g.She nursed me through my long illness.
我病了很长时间，她都一直护理着我。
(3)经历，经受
e.g.He was through too much during the war.战争中他经历了太多。
(4)通过
e.g.We got the news through our friend.我们通过朋友得到了这个消息。
He got the job through his uncle.他通过他叔叔得到了这份工作。
(5)(指原因、理由)由于，因为，相当于because of 和as a result。
e.g.We missed the plane through being held up on the motorway.
由于高速公路上交通堵塞，我们误了班机。
e.g.I lost the job through no fault of mine.
我失去了工作并不是由于我自己的原因。
［过关题］
The sun light came in __________ the windows in the roof and lit up the
whole room.
A.through B.across
C.on D.over
答案:A
13.clear up
(1)晴朗起来，开朗起来
e.g.The weather has cleared up;we can go out.
天气转好了，我们可以出去了。
e.g.Her face cleared up as she read the letter.
当她读信时脸慢慢变晴。
(2)整理；收拾
eg.Clear up the rubbish at once.
立刻把垃圾收拾好。
与 up 搭配的词组有：
break up(分解，腐蚀)go up(上升、上涨)
bring up(抚养，提出，呕吐)
hold up(阻挡)
do up(扣好) fix up(修理，安顿)
give up(放弃)keep up(保持，继续)
look up(查找)
shut up(闭嘴)
make up(构成，和解)
pick up(捡起，接人)
put up(建立，投宿)
stay up(熬夜，挺住)
set up(建立)
take up(占据，拿起)
turn up(调大，露面)
［过关题］
(1)Would you slow down a bit,please?I can't __________you.
A.keep up with B.put up with
C.make up to D.hold on to
答案： A
(2)She __________ his number in the phone book to make sure that she had got it right.
A.looked up B.looked for
C.picked out D.picked up
答案： A
(3) We have good relations for centuries.And we must __________ the friendship between us.
A.go on with B.keep on
C.keep up D.remain
答案： C
14.affect vt.(1)影响 (2)感染
e.g.Smoking affects health.吸烟影响健康。
Her heart has become affected.她的心脏受感染了。
effect n.影响，效果，作用 v.实现have an effect on…对……有影响
e.g.Smoking has a bad effect on health.吸烟对健康有影响。
come into effect 生效,实行
e.g.The law went into effect yesterday.法律昨天生效。
take effect 生效，开始发生作用
e.g.The medicine is taking effect.药开始起作用了。
［过关题］
The new law will come into __________on the day it is passed.
A.effect B.use
C.service D.existence
答案： A
课文背景阅读
Oprah Winfrey and Jerry Springer
Among various programmes,TV talk shows have covered every inch of space on daytime television.And anyone who watches them regularly knows that each one is different in style(风格).But now two shows are more opposite in content,while at the same time standing out above the rest,than the Jerry Springer and the Oprah Winfrey shows.
Jerry Springer could easily be considered the king of “rubbish talk”.The contents on his show are as surprising as can be.For example,the show takes the ever-common talk show titles of love,sex,cheating and hate,to a different level.Clearly,the Jerry Springer show is about the dark side of society,yet people are willing to eat up the troubles of other people's lives.
Like Jerry springer,Oprah Winfrey takes TV talk show to its top,but Oprah goes in the opposite direction.The show is mainly about the improvement of society and different quality(质量)of life.Contents are from teaching your children lessons,managing your work week,to getting to know your neighbors.Compared to Oprah,the Jerry Springer show looks like poisonous waste being poured into society.Jerry ends every show with a“final word”.He makes a small speech about the entire idea of the show.Hopefully,this is the part where most people will learn something very valuable.
Clean as it is,the Oprah show is not for everyone.The show's main viewers are middleclass Americans.Most of these people have the time,money,and ability to deal with life's tougher problems.Jerry Springer,on the other hand,has more of a connection with the young adults of society.
These are 18-to-21-year-olds whose main troubles in life include love,relationship,sex,money and drug..They are the ones who see some value and lessons to be learned through the show's exploitation.
●课后训练
一、单项选择
1.I regret__________you that we are unable to offer you the job.
A.informing B.having informed
C.to inform D.to information
2.__________we all know,air is a gas.
A.As B.What
C.That D.Which
3.I can hardly imagine Peter__________across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.
A.sail B.to sail
C.sailing D.to have sailed
4.Robert__________me his address the other day,but I'm afraid I__________it.
A.had given;lost B.has given;have lost
C.gave;have lost D.gives;lost
5.He kept putting his dream to the test,even though it meant__________with uncertainty and fear of failure.
A.living B.to live
C.to be living D.having been lived
6.You'll soon__________when you spend several days on the seaside.
A.hold up B.bring up
C.pick up D.take up
7.I suggested the cheat __________ into prison.
A.referred to being put B.referred be put
C.refer to be put D.referred should be put
8.—I __________the book for you.
—But it was too difficult for me.
A.intend B.intended
C.would intend D.had intended
9.May I__________that a plan should be made for this term's study?
A.remind you of B.remind you with
C.remind to you D.remind you
10.His great discovery__________his determination and devotion to science.
A.caused B.led to
C.lied in D.resulted in
11.I don't skate now,but I__________ when I was a kid.
A.used to B.am used to it
C.used D.used to do
12.—And besides,these colours are more__________you.
—Do you really think so?I'll take it,then.
A.becoming to B.belonging to
C.referring to D.used to
13.Hospital doctors don't go out very often as their work__________ all their time.
A.takes away B.takes in
C.takes over D.takes up
14.It __________another fine day tomorrow.
A.seems B.promises
C.appears D.looks
15.His home is on__________East Sea and his father is at__________sea.
A./; / B.the; the
C.the; a D.the; /
16.The population of China__________over 14 million and eighty percent of the population__________peasants.
A.is;are B.are;is
C.is;is D.are;are
17.30% of the cattle__________thin,but the rest__________fat.
A.are;are B.is;is
C.is;are D.are;are
18.His family__________very big and all of his family__________music.
A.are;love B.are;loves
C.is;love D.is;loves
19.Many people used to believe that the police__________hard to people.
A.is B.are
C.was D.were
20.The whole class__________the teacher attentively.
A.are listening to B.is listening to
C.are listening D.is listening
21.The Chinese people__________hard-working and brave.
A.are B.is
C.has been D.are being
22.The police__________ the murderer everywhere when he suddenly appeared in a theatre.
A.is searching for B.were searching for
C.are searching for D.were searching
23.My family__________small,but my family__________all model workers.
A.is;are B.are;is
C.were;are D.were;is
24.Each soldier and each sailor__________a rifle.
A.are given B.was given
C.being given D.were given
25.The population of the country__________large,and two fifths of it__________workers.
A.is;is B.are;are
C.is;are D.are;is
26.He is the one of the students who__________a winner of scholarship for three years.
A.is B.are
C.have been D.has been
27.The guest,along with his wife and two sons__________at the table.
A.was seating B.were seated
C.were seating D.was seated
28.The shoes__________mine.This pair of shoes__________my brother's.
A.are;is B.is;is
C.are;are D.is;are
29.Books of this kind__________well.
A.sell B.sells
C.are sold D.is sold
30.Tom,more than anyone else,__________anxious to go to China again.
A.is B.are
C.has D.have
二、完形填空
I had offered to watch my 3-year-old daughter,so that my wife could go out with a friend.I was getting some work done in my study while she 1 to be having a good time in the other room.No problem,I figured.But then it got a little too 2 and I shouted,“What are you doing?”No response.I 3 my question and heard her say,“Oh…nothing.”Nothing ?
I got up from my desk and ran out 4 the living room,where I saw her running across the hall.I followed and watched her as her little behind made a quick 5 into the bathroom.I had her 6 ! I told her to turn around.She 7 .I pulled out my big Daddy voice,“Young lady,I said,turn around!”
8 ,she turned toward me.In her hand was what was left of my wife's new lipstick,And every square inch of her face was 9 with bright red! As she looked up at me with fearful eyes,I heard 10 voice that had been shouted to me as a child. “How could you…?You should know…How many times you have been 11 ! What a bad thing to do…”It was just a matter of my picking out which old 12 I was going to use on her so that she would know what a bad girl she had been.But 13 I could let loose,I looked 14 at the sweater on her.In big 15 it said,“I'M A PERFECT LITTLE ANGEL(天使)！”I looked back up into her tearful eyes and, 16 seeing a bad girl who didn't listen,I saw a little angel full of 17 that I had come dangerously close to 18 .
Sweetheart,let's take a picture so Mommy can see how 19 you look.I took the picture and thanked God that I didn't 20 the chance to prove what a perfect little angel he had given me.
1.A.happened B.liked C.appeared D.pretended
2.A.long B.quiet C.calm D.strange
3.A.asked B.answered C.raised D.repeated
4.A.into B.of C.from D.for
5.A.way B.turn C.change D.progress
6.A.followed B.scolded C.cornered D.fooled
7.A.laughed B.listened C.agreed D.refused
8.A.Slowly B.Eagerly C.Angrily D.Unfortunately
9.A.filled B.marked C.printed D.covered
10.A.every B.such C.any D.one
11.A.told B.beaten C.frightened D.forbidden
12.A.reports B.notice C.advice D.words
13.A.as B.when C.since D.before
14.A.up B.down C.in D.on
15.A.signs B.letters C.messages D.figures
16.A.because of B.instead of C.in spite of D.as a result of
17.A.value B.sadness C.pities D.tricks
18.A.preventing B.getting rid of C.destroying D.doing wrong on
19.A.dirty B.ugly C.special D.silly
20.A.have B.get C.take D.miss
三、阅读理解
A
How to Survive(继续生存)in a Jungle
BEWARE—DANGEROUS ANIMALS!
Although tigers that attack people are few and far,they do exist!(当心；注意)，too,of the other dangerous animals in the jungle.The most deadly are the Arrow-Poison frogs.People who live in rain forests have had years of practice in knowing what to hunt and what to avoid.Your best bet is to treat all animals with respect.They are unlikely to attack you unless you tease(逗)or frighten them or their young.
Vampire bats are blood suckers,feeding mainly on sleeping cows and horses.The Fer de Lance is a deadly poisonous snake.The explorer,Sir Percy Fawcett,claimed that local people in South America placed these snakes in tubes and them as lethal weapons.One drop from the poison is the Arrow-Poison frog's skin is strong enough to kill a monkey.
Watch out of the sting (毒针)in a scorpinon's tail.Jaguars and tigers are the top predators in the jungle.
Not all snakes are poisonous but keep your distance.Snakes are often very well camouflaged(伪装).
EXPLORER FACT
Explorers and scientists are always discovering new things about the rainforest.The first poisonous bird was found in Papua New Guinea.It is called a pitohui,or“rubbish bird” by local people.Boa constrictors(蟒蛇) squeeze(挤，捏)their prey to death before swallowing it whole.
Watch where you're putting your feet.The centipede(蜈蚣) has a poisonous bite.
Keep out of the way of a wild pig's tusks—they are small but sharp.
1.According to the information,the“rubbish bird”__________.
A.swallows its prey whole
B.is well camouflaged
C.was used as a weapon in South America
D.was found in Papua New Guines
2.The Fer De Lance is a snake that__________.
A.has a sting in its tail
B.has a deadly poison
C.squeezes its prey to death
D.is the top predator in the jungle
3.Vampire bats mostly suck the blood of__________.
A.cows and horses B.spiders and frogs
C.wild pigs D.boa constrictors
4.According to the information,if wild animals think you will hurt their young,they are likely to __________.
A.be curious B.be aggressive (性好攻击的)
C.stay away D.move their young
5.According to the information,which of the following statements is true?
A.Vampire bats have poisonous skin.
B.The boa constrictor has a mild poison.
C.Sir Percy Fawcett discovered the pitohui.
D.People will be in danger when meeting with the centipede.
B
Weekend Life
In the United States Monday is the beginning of the workweek;it is the day most Americans like least.It is not surprising that that day they like most is Saturday.Saturday is the end of the workweek;it is the beginning of the weekend.Life is different on the weekend.Most Americans take care of their house,car,or garden.They get up late in the morning.They enjoy the feeling that the time seems to move more slowly.The week is for things you have to do,the weekend is for things you want to do.Some people may get in a car drive in the country.They like to take part in a sports activity outdoors.And on Saturday night they might go to a public eating place or movie.
The idea of the weekend is a recent invention.In 1870 wealthy people began to speak of spending weekends in the country visiting friends.For most people,However,the workday was six days long.It ended on Saturday.
Automobile maker Henry Ford was the first major employer in the United States to establish a workweek of five days.He did that in 1926.Henry Ford thought that if the working people had more free time they would spend more money and it was something good for the economy.By 1940 it had become common for most Americans to work 8 hours a days a week.Today the lives of most Americans are organized that way:5 days of work or school followed by 2 days of rest.For many people Saturday night is the highpoint of the weedend and the week.It is the night for going out or having fun.
Anything and everything can happen on Saturday night.People go dancing,visiting friends and having parties.They drunk too much alchohol(酒精).They get killed or kill other people.They sleep,watch television,and sometimes fall in love.People do these things on other nights of the week too,but they do them more often and with more emotion and purpose on Saturday night.On Saturday night movie theatres sell more tickets.It is also the biggest night for places that sell alcoholic drinks.That is one reason why Saturday night witnesses most murders,fights and deadly car accidents.In a town in Indiana there is a Saturday night custom called “cruising”.Cruising means to spend the evening driving your car slowly up and down the town's main street.People who are cruising talk from car to car.They exchange greetings,jokes and friendly insults (攻击).Cruising is most popular in small towns where there is not much else to do.
Many people spend the Saturday night at home with friends.They have dinner together,Perhaps they watch a movie on a video cassetter recorder.Other people go on a date.People on a date might go to a public concert,yet they only talk to each other.Is there anything people do not like about the weekend?A study of 1000 Americans found that half would gladly trade a paid workday for an extra day of free time.The only thing wrong with the weekend,they think,is that it does not last longer.
6.It didn't become common for most Americans to rest two days a week until__________.
A.1940 B.1926
C.1870 D.1998
7.One reason on that most murders,fights and deadly car accidents on
Saturday night is that__________.
A.nightmovie theaters sell more tickets
B.people go dancing,visiting friends and having parties
C.people sleep,watch TV,and sometimes fall in love
D.many people drink a lot of alcohol
8.Which of the following is Not true?
A.Half Americans wish the weekend could last longer.
B.The week is for things that they want to do.
C.Most Americans like Monday least.
D.People on a date only talk to each other.
四、短文改错
Many centuries ago,all people had to gather seeds to eat with. 1.__________
They didn't know how to farm and rise animals for food. 2.__________
They could only use stone tools and that's because we call 3.__________
them the Stone Age people.There were people who still live 4.__________
much like those Stone Age people.They live in places where 5.__________
are hard to reach.They do not know our modern inventions. 6.__________
Because they have met only some few outsiders.For 7.__________
many years a group people called Aruntas have lived 8.__________
lonely in the middle of Austrilia.They don't know 9.__________
how to farm,nor do they keep sheep or cattle. 10.__________
The men hunt animals with spears.They sleep around
five at night,because they have no houses of their own.
五、书面表达
根据下面六幅图画提供的情景，用英语写一段话。假设画中人物是Mr Black父子。字数控制在80~120之间。
可能用到的词汇：
catch a fish捉住一条鱼 stool凳子 set…free给……自由；把……放生 swallow吞掉 at sunset在日落之时
Unit 17 Famous women
一、单项选择
1.C regret doing 指后悔做过某事，regret to do 指后悔未做某事。
2.A as we all know,“众所周知”。
3.C imagine doing
4.C 注意时态
5.A mean to do 为“打算做……”， mean doing 为“意味着……”。
6.C 此处pick up 为恢复。
7.A 此处 refer to 做the cheat 的定语，suggest doing 建议做……
8.D 事与愿违，本打算做……。用had intended…
9.D remind 提醒。
10.C lead to 表示导致。
11.A 过去常常。
12.A becoming 在这里是形容词， 为“合适”。
13.D take up 为 “占据”。
14.B promise 为“预示着……”。
15.Ｄ at sea 航海。East Sea 为专有名词。
16.A population如果前有分数、百分数修饰， 则谓语用复数。
17.A cattle 作主语， 谓语动词用复数。
18.C family 一类的及和名词， 当强调个体时， 谓语动词用复数。
19.D police作主语， 谓语动词用复数。
20.A 同18。
21.A people作主语， 谓语动词用复数。
22.B 同19。
23.A 同18。
24.B each + n.and +each + n.谓语动词用单数。
25.C 同16。
26.D one of + n.之后的定语从句谓语动词语先行词一致。
27.D 此句的主语是the guest,而along with 为修饰语。
28.A
29.A kind 的谓语动词语of 前的名词一致。
30.A 同27。
二、完形填空
1.C appear 似乎。
2.B 上下文， 此处应填安静
3.D repeat 重复。
4.A ran out跑出去。而into 表示目的地， “进入”。
5.B turn 转身。
6.C
7.D
8.A
9.D be covered with 布满……。
10.A
11.A
12.D
13.D before,趁着没……， let loose,轻率地说出。
14.B look down,向下看。
15.B letter,字母。
16.B
17.A value，价值。
18.C destroy,破坏。
19.C special，特别的。
20.D miss，错过。
三、阅读理解
1.D 最后一段。
2.B 从第二段第二句可以得知。
3.A 通过上下文可以得知。
4.B 倒数第二段可以得知。
5.D 通过上下文可以得知。
6.A 从第二段可以得知。
7.D 从第三段可以得知。
8.B 从第一段可以得知。
四、短文改错
1.去掉with 2.rise→raise 3.because→why 4.were→are 5.where→which/that 6.know后加about/of 7.some→a 8.group后加of 9.lonely→alone 10.√
五、书面表达
Mr Black and his son were fishing on a river bank.Suddenly the father managed to catch a fish.They were very happy and went home.
After getting back,Mr Black put the fish on a stool and was going to cut it with a knife.But the son felt very sorry for the poor fish.He advised his father not to kill it and set it free.Mr Black agreed and they went back to the river at sunset.
As soon as Mr Black threw the fish into the water,they found,to their surprise,the fish was swallowed by a big fish.