高一英语阅读理解
A
When you turn on the radio , you hear an advertisement . When you watch television, you hear and see an advertisement. If you turn the pages of a newspaper or magazine, again you find an advertisement . if you walk down the street, you see one advertising board after another. All day, every day, people who want to sell you something compete to catch your attention. As a result, advertisements are almost everywhere.
In the West, advertisements are the fuel that makes mass media work, Many TV stations, newspapers, magazines, radio stations are privately owned, The government does not give them money. So where does the money come from? From advertisements. Without advertisements, there would not be these private businesses.
Have you ever asked yourself what advertising is ? Through the years, people have given different answers to the question, For some time it was felt that advertising was a means of “ keeping your name before the public” .And some people thought that advertising was “ truth well told ”. Now more and more people describe it in this way: Advertising is the paid , nonpersonal (非针对某个人的),and usually persuasive(有说服力的)description of goods , services and ideas by identified sponsors(明确的出资者)through various media.
First, advertising is usually paid for . Various sponsors pay for the advertisements we see, read, and hear over the various media, Second, advertising is nonpersonal . It is not face to face communication. Although you may feel that a message in a certain advertisement is aimed directly at you, in reality , it is directed at large groups of people. Third, advertising is usually persuasive. Directly or indirectly it tells people to do something . All advertisements try to make people believe that the product, idea , or service advertised can do good to them. Fourth, the sponsor of the advertisement must be identified. From the advertisement, we can see if the sponsor is a company, or an organization, or an individual. Fifth, advertising reaches us through traditional( 传统的)and nontraditional mass media. Included in the traditional media are newspapers, magazines, radio, television, and films. Nontraditional media include the mail, matchbox covers ,and billboards (广告牌).
( )1. The existence(存在)of the privately owned mass media depends financially(经济上地)on .
A. the government B. their owners’ families
C. advertisements D. the audience
( )2. According to the passage, who are most probably paying for the advertisements?
A. Companies. B. Organizations
C. Individuals. D. All of the above.
( )3 . Which of the following is considered nontraditional mass media?
A. Newspapers B. The mail C. Magazines D. Films
( )4. According to the passage , which of the following statements about the features of advertisements is NOT true?
A. Advertising must be honest and amusing .
B. Advertising is meant for large groups of people.
C. Advertising tells people to do something directly or indirectly.
D. The sponsors are always mentioned in the advertisements.
B
In the United States 84 colleges now accept just women. Most of them were established in the 19th century; they were designed to offer women the education they could not receive anywhere else. At that time major universities and colleges accepted only men. In the past 20 years many young women have chosen to study at colleges that accept both men and women. As a result some women’s colleges decided to accept men students too. Others, however, refused to change. Now these school are popular again
The president of Trinity College in Washington , D. C. said that by the end of the 1980s women began to recognize that studying at the same school with men did not mean women were having an equal chance to learn. The president of Smith College in Massachusetts says a women’s college permits women to choose classes and activities freely . For example, she says that in a women’s college a higher percentage of students studies mathematics than in a college with both men and women.
Educational experts say men students in the United States usually speak in class more than women students do. Ina women’s college, women feel free to say what they think. Women’s schools also bring out leadership capabilities in many women. Women are represented everywhere. For example , at a women’s college every governing office is held by a woman . Recent studies reportedly show this leadership continues after college. The studies show that American women who went to women’s colleges are more likely to hold successful jobs later in life.
( ) 5. A. Most of women’s colleges were established
A. to give women the education they could not receive anywhere else.
B. to separate women from men.
C. to offer women special chances for work.
D. to help women have more study opportunities.
( )6. Some women’s colleges decided to accept men students because .
A. teaching women is more difficult than teaching men
B. many young women chose to study at colleges with both men and women
C. study with men is more challenged.
D. women and men can have equal chances of competition.
( )7.Why did women’s school become popular again?
A. Because women could study mathematics only in women’s colleges.
B. Because women could not have equal chances to learn, if studying with men at the same school.
C. Because men could not choose classes freely in women’s colleges.
D. Because there were more educational experts in women’s colleges.
( )8. From the passage we know that .
A. more and more women’s colleges are being established now
B. more and more women like to study in colleges with both men and women
C. there are more women’s colleges than colleges with both men and women in the USA
D. both Trinity College and Smith College are women’s colleges
( )9. According to this passage , if a woman wants to hold successful jobs, she’d better .
A. study in colleges with both men and women
B. study in Trinity College
C. learn from the president of Smith College
D. study in women’s colleges
C
What’s the secret to mastering chess? Lots of study and practice. But that’s not all, according to a new research suggesting that expert and amateur(业余棋手)players use different parts of their brains during matches.
Scientists in Germany scanned(扫描)the brains of 20 men as they played against computers . Half were grandmasters while the other half were merely good amateurs who’d practiced for at least 10 years,
For a few seconds after a player made a move , tiny bits of “focal gamma bursts ”appeared in their brains.
In the amateurs, such bursts were detected most notably (显著地)in an area crucial(关键)for performing new tasks and establishing(形成)short-term memory. But, the bursts in the grandmasters were found most often in the parts, of the brain linked with long -term memory and the a bility to perform complex(复杂的)motor tasks.
The lead researcher Ongjen Amidzic said his findings, reported on August 9 in the journal(杂志)Nature, pointed our that experts and amateurs use their brains in fundamentally(根本)different ways during a match.
“As a young man ,I dreamed of becoming a grandmaster and practiced hard but I failed,” said Amidzic, 32. “Now I realize I ’ve reached a level I can’t get through.”
( )10. According to the report, .
A. lots of study and practice can help make a grandmaster in chess
B. grandmasters are better at using their brains during chess matches than amateurs
C. amateurs lack the ability of performing complex motor tasks.
D. grandmasters often fail when playing against computers.
( )11. In the third paragraph, “focal gamma bursts” are tiny bits of .
A. short-term memory B. long-term memory
C. brain D. energy
( )12. It is implied（提示）but not directly stated that .
A. one’s thinking mode(模式)plays a key role in deciding whether he’ll be a grandmaster at chess or not
B. you have to practise for at least 10 years to become good amateurs in chess
C. expert and amateur players use different parts of their brains during matches
D. often playing against computers is the grandmasters’ secret to mastering chess
( )13. Which of the following statements is true according to the report?
A. Only Ongjen Amidzic did the new research.
B. The findings of the new research were published on August 9 in a scientific magazine .
C. The new research was done together by some scientists from many countries.
D. Ongjen Amidzic is also a good amateur in chess.
( )14. From what Amidzic said , we can learn that .
A. his dream has come true
B. he knows clearly that his ability of becoming a grandmaster is limited
C. he knows clearly that chess experts think differently
D. he feels sorry that he can’t think like a grandmaster.
D
There are many stereotypes(定型)about the character of people in various parts of the USA .In the Northeast and Midwest, people are said to be closed and private(秘密的). In the South and West, however, they are often thought of as being more and hospitable(好客). Ask someone from St. Nouis where the nearest sandwich shop is ,and be or she will politely give you directions. A New Yorker might eye you at first and after deciding it is safe to talk to you , might give you a rather unexpected explanation, A person from Georgia might be very kind about directing you and even suggest some different places to eat . A Texan just might take you to the place and treat you to lunch.
American stereotypes are abundant. New Englanders are often thought of as being friendly and United States are often considered very outgoing . These differences in character can be traced to different factors such as climate, living conditions and historical development.
When traveling from place to place, Americans themselves are often surprised at differing degrees of friendliness in the United States.
( )15. The main idea of the passage is .
A. even Americans are surprised at the big differences among themselves
B. there are many differences in character in different parts of the USA.
C. there are many reasons for the differences
D. stereotypes about people are not necessarily true
( )16. Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A. New Yorkers are usually open with strangers.
B. People from the South are usually considered good hosts
C. The friendliest Americans travel from place to place
D. Different parts have different customs and habits.
E
If you see someone drowning, speed is very important. Once you get him out of the water , if he isn’t breathing , you have four minutes before his brain is completely destroyed. Support his neck, lift his head back and press his chin (下巴)upwards. This stops the tongue blocking the airway in the throat and is sometimes enough to get him breathing again. If that doesn’t work, start mouth-to-mouth breathing. Press his nostrils (鼻孔)together with your fingers .Open you mouth and take a deep breath . Blow into his lungs until his chest rises ,then remove your mouth ,and watch his chest fall. Repeat twelve times a minute. Keep doing until help arrives.
To bring a child back to life, keep your lips around his mouth and nose and gently blow into his mouth. Give the first four breaths as quickly as possible to fill the blood with oxygen. If ,in spite of your efforts, he starts turning a bluegrey color, you can feel no pulse(脉搏)，then pressing is the last chance of saving his life.
With arms straight, rock forwards, pressing down on the lower half of the breastbone(脑骨). Don’t be too hard or you may break a rib (肋骨). Check how effective you are doing if his color improves or his pulse becomes independent to your chest pressing. If this happens, stop the pressing. Otherwise continue until rescue arrives.
( )17. This passage is mainly about .
A. how to save people out of the water
B. how to give first aid to people who are drowning
C. how to do mouth-to –mouth breathing
D. how to save a child from a river
( )18. Once you get a drowning man out of the water ,if he isn’t breathing , you must first .
A. get him breathing again
B. take him to the nearest hospital as soon as possible
C. find someone to help you
D. call the First Aid Center
( )19. If the drowning boy has no pulse, .
A. pressing his chin upwards in enough to get him breathing
B. blowing air into his mouth is sure to save his life
C. pressing his nostrils together with your fingers can work
D. pressing is the last chance of saving his life
( )20. Which of the following statements is true ?
A. If a man does not breathe for four minutes ,his brain will be completely destroyed.
B. If you see someone drowning , you must give him mouth –to – mouth breathing .
C. Don’t stop pressing his chest, if the drowning man starts breathing again.
D. When pressing, you can do it as hard as you can.