高一每日一测英语(6)
（总分：100.0 考试时间：117分钟）
学校__________________ 班级___________ 准考证号____________ 姓名_______ 得分_____
一、语法单选： 本大题共20小题， 从第1小题到第20小题每题1.0分 小计20.0分； 共计20.0分。
1、
It
was careless of you to have left your clothes outside all night!
My
God! ________.
[ ]
| A．So did I | B．So I did |
| C．So were you | D．So did you |
2、That he left the room ________ a word made us unhappy.
[ ]
| A．with | B．without |
| C．by | D．for |
3、The visiting professor ________ giving lectures to students ________ invited to meetings at times.
[ ]
| A．preferred, to being | B．preferred to, rather than |
| C．preferred, than being | D．preferred to, to being |
4、I really enjoy ________ that kind of job.
[ ]
| A．do | B．doing |
| C．to do | D．to be doing |
5、Remember, you must do ________ your teacher asks you to do.
[ ]
| A．how | B．what |
| C．where | D．whether |
6、He began to play roles in plays ________ , and ________ he became famous.
[ ]
A．in his twenty, in the 1990's
B．during the 1990s, in 1989
C．in 1990s, during the twenties
D．in the 1990s, in his twenties
7、I wonder what difficulty he has ________ the plan?
[ ]
| A．to carry out | B．carrying out |
| C．carried out | D．with carrying out |
8、My geography teacher said ________.
[ ]
| A．the earth moves around the sun | B．he will go with us |
| C．you are right | D．Susan will fail in the exam |
9、Don't forget ________ to me. Let's keep in touch with each other.
[ ]
| A．to write | B．writing |
| C．to have written | D．having written |
10、He has been in the film-making company for ten years, ________ director.
[ ]
| A．worked as | B．acted as |
| C．working as | D．and acting as |
11、I have never heard such an ________ story, which really ________ me.
[ ]
| A．interested, excites | B．interesting, excites |
| C．interesting, is excited | D．interested, is exciting |
12、“It's at this college ________ your father studied ________ he was young”, said the mother.
[ ]
| A．which, when | B．that, when |
| C．where, that | D．/, that |
13、How ________ the music sounds!
[ ]
| A．like | B．sweet |
| C．sweetly | D．wonderfully |
14、The room ________ face south is mine.
[ ]
| A．whose window | B．whose windows |
| C．which windows | D．that windows |
15、What's the name of the programme ________?
[ ]
| A．you are listening | B．you are listening to |
| C．you are hearing | D．that are listening |
16、What's
the weather ________?
The
weather will stay ________ for two days.
[ ]
| A．like, rain | B．about, raining |
| C．like, rainy | D．about, to rain |
17、I felt somebody ________ me from behind, but found nobody when I looked round.
[ ]
| A．beat | B．to beat |
| C．beating | D．beaten |
18、He likes ________, but he doesn't like ________ today, because it is too cold.
[ ]
| A．to swim, to swim | B．swimming, swimming |
| C．to swim, swimming | D．swimming, to swim |
19、Where
is Mrs Wang?
She
________ America for a week.
[ ]
| A．has gone off to | B．has set off to |
| C．has left for | D．has been off to |
20、“Is Alice in. Sam?”he asked.
He asked Sam ________.
[ ]
| A．that Alice was in | B．whether was Alice in |
| C．if Alice was in | D．if was Alice in |
二、交际单选： 本大题共10小题， 从第21小题到第30小题每题1.0分 小计10.0分； 共计10.0分。
1、I'm
taking the exam tomorrow.
________.
[ ]
| A．Congratulations | B．Come on |
| C．A wonderful time | D．Good luck |
2、I had
a really good weekend at my uncle's.
________.
[ ]
| A．Oh, that's very nice of you | B．Congratulations |
| C．It's a pleasure | D．Oh, I'm glad to hear that |
3、I
have once watched that strange star.
________.
[ ]
| A．That's a good idea. | B．Can I have a look at it? |
| C．What happened next? | D．What was it like? |
4、Excuse
me. Could you tell me the way to the People's Park?
Sorry.
I'm a stranger here. You'd better ask the policeman over there.
________.
[ ]
| A．Thank you all the same | B．See you later |
| C．That's right | D．All right |
5、Happy
Spring Festival to you!
________.
[ ]
| A．That's OK | B．The same to you |
| C．Excuse me | D．You're so kind |
6、Hi,
haven't seen you for ages! You look fine.
________.You look well, too.
[ ]
| A．Great | B．Thanks |
| C．Oh, no | D．Not at all |
7、Have
a nice holiday!
Thank
you. ________.
[ ]
| A．I will | B．I think so |
| C．Best wishes | D．The same to you |
8、I'll
fly to England on business tomorrow.
________
[ ]
| A．See you later. | B．Congratulations. |
| C．Have a good trip! | D．Not at all. |
9、________
She
is kind.
[ ]
| A．What's the girl like? | B．How do you like the girl? |
| C．What does the girl look like? | D．How is the girl like? |
10、How
are things going with you? ________
[ ]
| A．Quite well, thank you. | B．Good. And you? |
| C．It's a pleasure. | D．Don't ask me such a problem. |
三、阅读理解： 本大题共6小题， 第31小题为4.0分； 从第32小题到第34小题每题6.0分 小计18.0分； 第35小题为8.0分； 第36小题为10.0分； 共计40.0分。
1、阅读理解
阅读下列短文，从每题所给四个选项(A，B，C和D)中，选出最佳选项．
Take three basins. Fill the basin with water which is as hot as you are able to bear (承受) with your hands. In the second basin mix hot water with cold water. Fill the third basin with cold water from the tap (自来水管).
Now place the basins on the table. Put your right hand in the hot water. Put your left hand in the cold water. You will find that your right hand feels hot and your left hand feels cold. After twenty seconds move both your hands into the lukewarm(微温的) water. What do you feel? Your left hand feels warm and your right hand feels cold. But both hands are in the same basin of water?
1．Your left hand feels warm and your right hand feels cold because ________.
[ ]
A．they are in different basins of water
B．your right hand is stronger than your left hand
C．your left hand is stronger than your right hand
D．they were in different basins of water a short while ago
2．This experiment shows that ________.
[ ]
A．sometimes our senses(感官) deceive(欺骗) us
B．we can always get to know whether something is hot or cold by feeling it with our hands
C．hot water and cold water do not mix
D．one of your hands is stronger than the other
2、阅读理解
阅读下列短文，从每题所给四个选项(A，B，C和D)中，选出最佳选项．
Peter King, 15, Mary King, 13, went to see a doctor. Peter had a bad cold, so the doctor gave him some pills to take. Mary had a bad cough, so the doctor gave her some medicine.
These are the words on the bottle of medicine:
Cough Medicine:
Shake well before use.
Take three times daily after meals.
Dose(剂量):
adults, 2 teaspoonfuls(汤匙);
children 8～14, 1 teaspoonful;
children 4～7, 1/2 teaspoonful.
Not suitable(适合) for children below the age of 4.
Store in a cold place.
Use before Oct 1999.
1．Mary should take ________ in a day.
[ ]
| A．2 teaspoonfuls | B．3 teaspoonfuls |
| C．4 teaspoonfuls | D．1 teaspoonful |
2．People aged ________ cannot take the medicine.
[ ]
| A．80 | B．15 |
| C．20 | D．3 |
3．Mary or her mother should ________ the medicine left after the tenth month of 1999.
[ ]
| A．throw away | B．take twice |
| C．stop to take | D．take three times more |
3、阅读理解
阅读下列短文，从每题所给四个选项(A，B，C和D)中，选出最佳选项．
Only a hundred years ago, people seldom traveled far out of their birth place. Books were very expensive and there were few national newspapers and no radio or television. In fact, most people spent their time talking and listening. Only a very small quantity of reading and writing went on and many people were unable to read or write. For this reason, native dialects(方言)grew up and people spoke the way their parents and grandparents spoke. A woman from Cornwall who traveled just as far as London would find herself in a place where people spoke what was almost a different language.
Sometimes it is hard to take in just how much things have changed. You are used to owning books and having them around, to reading magazines and newspapers and to a choice of national television and radio programs. You, and everyone around you, are used to traveling not just in the British Islands but all over the world. Modern science has changed our life and distances have been made shorter. It might have taken that Cornwall woman three days to travel to London. Now it takes less than two hours by air, less than four hours by train and less than six hours by road.
The result of this is that the language we use is becoming more national and the dialects are dying out. Writing, printing and broadcasting have speeded up this change as one dialect has come to be used by more and more people. This is the dialect called standard (标准的) English which was first used outside London in the south and east Midlands.
1．From the information given in the passage we know that a century ago ________.
[ ]
A．people wouldn't like to leave their birth place
B．there were neither books nor newspapers
C．not many people could read and write
D．people learned to read and write from their parents and grandparents
2．If a woman who lived in Comwall a hundred years ago went to London, she would find ________.
[ ]
A．London was far from her birth place
B．London was a strange city
C．London people used a very difficult language
D．she could hardly understand what London people spoke
3．Things have changed so much that people are not used to ________ any more.
[ ]
A．watching TV and listening to the radio
B．reading books and magazines
C．traveling just within the British Islands
D．traveling the world over
4、阅读理解
阅读下列短文，从每题所给四个选项(A，B，C和D)中，选出最佳选项．
Plants need green leaves to make food. A plant needs sunlight and carbon dioxide (二氧化碳) from the air for making food and it also needs water and salts from the soil to make food too. There are certain cells(细胞) in the leaves which change carbon dioxide and water into sugar. To do this the cells need energy, which they get from the sunlight.
Green leaves make food for the whole plant. A red leaf can make food a
5、阅读理解
阅读下列短文，从每题所给四个选项(A，B，C和D)中，选出最佳选项．
Different countries and different people have different manners. We must find out their customs, so that they will not think us ill-mannered. Here are some examples of the things that a well-mannered person does or does not do.
If you visit a Chinese family you should knock at the door first. When the door opens, you'll not move before the host says“Come in, please.”After you enter the room, you wouldn't sit down until the host asks you to take a seat. When a cup of tea is put on a tea-table before you or sent to your hand, you'll say“Thank you”and receive it with your two hands, not one hand, or they'll think you are ill-mannered.
Before entering a house in Japan, it is good manners to take off your shoes. In European countries, even though shoes sometimes become very dirty, this is not done. In a Malay house a guest never finishes the food on the table. He leaves a little to show that he has had enough. In England, a guest always finishes a drink or the food to show that he has enjoyed it. This will make the host, especially the hostess pleased.
1．We must find out what the different manners are in different countries so that ________.
[ ]
A．we won't be thought in poor health
B．they won't think we are ill
C．we can know what to do and what not to do when we go there
D．we can give some examples
2．In China, when the host opens the door, ________ before he says “Come in, please!”
[ ]
| A．you won't leave | B．you won't walk |
| C．you won't go out | D．you won't go into the house |
3．In Japan, it is good manners to take off your shoes ________.
[ ]
A．before your visitor enters your house
B．before you visit a family
C．before you sit down and receive a cup of tea
D．before you sit down and finish a drink
4．In European countries, ________ when you get into a house.
[ ]
A．you needn't take off your shoes
B．you must take off your dirty shoes
C．you are not allowed to wear dirty shoes
D．you should put on clean shoes
6、阅读理解
How Do the Movies Do It?
Have you ever seen a movie in which a building was burned down or a bridge was destroyed? Have you seen films in which a train crashed or a ship sank into the ocean? If so, you may have wondered how these things could happen without harming the people in the film.
The man who knows the answer is the “special-effect” man. He has one of the most important jobs in the film industry. He may be ordered to create a flood or to make a battlefield explode. And he may also be asked to create a special effect which is much less exciting, though just as important to the success of the film.
In a scene for one movie there was a big glass box filled with water in which small fish were swimming. The director of the movie wanted the fish to stop swimming suddenly while they seemed to stare at an actor. Then the director wanted the fish to stop staring and swim away. But fish can't be ordered to do anything. It was quite a problem.
The special-effect man thought about this problem for a long time. Then there occured an idea for controlling the fish with a harmless use of electricity. First he used electricity to the fish bowl, causing the fish to be completely still. Then he rapidly reduced the amount of electricity, allowing the fish to swim away. Thus he got the humorous effect that the director wanted.
All this requires training, skill, and experience. It also adds a great deal to the expense of producing the film. It helps explain why so many movies are very expensive to make.
1．In the headline, the expression“do it”refers to “________”.
[ ]
A．the movies developed
B．make the special effects
C．special men in movies
D．the movies made up by the director
2．In movie making, a special-effect man ________.
[ ]
A．does the most important job
B．always creates exciting effects
C．finds ways to create something untrue
D．cheats the audience in a special way
3．The example in the passage tells us that ________.
[ ]
A．the movie is on how fish live in a big glass box
B．something happened between the fish and an actor
C．a special-effect man makes the fish move actively
D．it takes a special-effect man a long time to I
四、完形填空： 本大题共1小题， 第37小题为20.0分； 共计20.0分。
1、完形填空
Mrs Power had a 1 in a factory. She swept the floor. She was a very strong old 2 . She lived on the top 3 of a tall building.
One day 4 work she fell over and 5 her leg. The doctor was 6 . He put her leg in plaster(石膏).
“How long do I 7 to carry this weight around 8 me, Doctor?”asked Mrs Power.“ 9 two months.”replied the doctor. “ 10 I will come and take the plaster 11 . But till then you can not climb up 12 down stairs or do hand 13 .”
At the end of two months the doctor 14 again. “Can I climb up and down stairs now, Doctor?” asked Mrs Power.“I think 15 ,”said the doctor. “Well, I am very glad to 16 that,”said Mrs Power. “I am beginning to feel rather 17 . You said I couldn't climb up and down stairs. The only 18 way into my room was 19 the drainpipe(排水管). And that was 20 work, you know.”?
1．
[ ]
| A．work | B．job |
| C．doctor | D．home |
2．
[ ]
| A．boss | B．lady |
| C．wife | D．assistant |
3．
[ ]
| A．floor | B．ground |
| C．room | D．office |
4．
[ ]
| A．from | B．for |
| C．on | D．at |
5．
[ ]
| A．hit | B．wounded |
| C．hurt | D．broken |
6．
[ ]
| A．called out | B．taken |
| C．sent for | D．asked |
7．
[ ]
| A．have | B．want |
| C．hope | D．force |
8．
[ ]
| A．on | B．in |
| C．with | D．about |
9．
[ ]
| A．Over | B．Through |
| C．Around | D．Round |
10．
[ ]
| A．And | B．Then |
| C．So | D．As |
11．
[ ]
| A．down | B．away |
| C．out | D．off |
12．
[ ]
| A．or | B．and |
| C．since | D．also |
13．
[ ]
| A．act | B．thing |
| C．work | D．job |
14．
[ ]
| A．went | B．came |
| C．return | D．got |
15．
[ ]
| A．can | B．not |
| C．it | D．so |
16．
[ ]
| A．see | B．listen |
| C．hear | D．find |
17．
[ ]
| A．tired | B．angry |
| C．hungry | D．happy |
18．
[ ]
| A．other | B．another |
| C．one | D．a |
19．
[ ]
| A．through | B．by |
| C．on | D．in |
20．
[ ]
| A．easy | B．happy |
| C．hard | D．terrible |
五、改错题： 本大题共10小题， 从第38小题到第47小题每题1.0分 小计10.0分； 共计10.0分。
1、改错：You're late again. Don't late next time.
_____________________________________________________________________
2、 略
3、改错：It is the desk which leg was repaired by Tom.
_____________________________________________________________________
4、改错：China is now taking an important role in the UN.
_____________________________________________________________________
5、改错：Could
I use your bathroom? Yes,
You could.
_____________________________________________________________________
6、改错：Give me the cause for rafting.
_____________________________________________________________________
7、改错：Hiking is fun and exciting experience.
_____________________________________________________________________
8、改错：This is the factory where I visited last year.
_____________________________________________________________________
9、改错：I want to try hiking instead rafting.
_____________________________________________________________________
10、改错：Tom kept quiet about the accident so not as to lose his job.
_____________________________________________________________________
高一每日一测英语(6) 试卷标准答案
（总分：100 考试时间：117分钟）
一、语法单选： 本大题共20小题， 从第1小题到第20小题每题1.0分 小计20.0分； 共计20.0分。
1、◆标准答案：B
★ 试题详解：
2、◆标准答案：B
★ 试题详解： 导解：without a word的意思是：没有留下一句话．
3、◆标准答案：A
★ 试题详解： 导解：prefer doing sth to doing sth; prefer to do sth rather than do sth.
4、◆标准答案：B
★ 试题详解： 导解：enjoy doing sth喜欢干某事．
5、◆标准答案：B
★ 试题详解： 导解：what引导宾语从句，并在从句中作宾语．
6、◆标准答案：D
★ 试题详解： 导解：in the 1990's中“，”可以省略．
7、◆标准答案：B
★ 试题详解： 导解：have difficulty(in)doing sth.
8、◆标准答案：A
★ 试题提示：
★ 试题详解： 【巧解导析】主句为过去时，从句如果不是客观真理、客观事实时，应该用过去的某种时态．B项和D项的“will”应改为“would”，C项中的“are”应改为“were”．A项为客观事实，用一般现在时，所以选A．
9、◆标准答案：A
★ 试题详解： 导解：Don't forget to do sth别忘记去干某事．
10、◆标准答案：C
★ 试题详解： 导解：working as…作伴随状语．
11、◆标准答案：B
★ 试题详解： 导解：现在分词intesting修饰表示物的名词；excite作动词，意为“使人兴奋”．
12、◆标准答案：B
★ 试题详解： 导解：that与前面It's…构成强调句型，when引导一个状语从句．
13、◆标准答案：B
★ 试题详解： 导解：sound为联系动词，形容词作表语．
14、◆标准答案：B
★ 试题提示： 【巧解点悟】whose在从句中充当定语时，既可指人，又可指物，表示其后的名词与先行词之间的所属关系．
★ 试题详解： 【巧解导析】关系代词在从句中充当定语，故C，D不正确；从句的谓语为复数形式，故A不正确．
15、◆标准答案：B
★ 试题详解： 导解：listen to强调“听”的动作，hear强调“听”的结果．
16、◆标准答案：C
★ 试题详解： 导解：What's…like…怎么样？stay为系动词，后接形容词rainy作表语．
17、◆标准答案：A
★ 试题详解： 导解：feel sb do表示感觉到动作的过程．
18、◆标准答案：D
★ 试题详解： 导解：第一空表示习惯性的动作，第二空表示具体的动作．
19、◆标准答案：D
★ 试题详解： 导解：leave for表示动作，而be off to表状态与for a week要求一致．
20、◆标准答案：C
★ 试题详解： 导解：应改为if/whether引导的宾语从句，并用陈述句的语序．
二、交际单选： 本大题共10小题， 从第21小题到第30小题每题1.0分 小计10.0分； 共计10.0分。
21、◆标准答案：D
★ 试题提示： 【巧解点悟】表示祝愿时常用good luck to sb或good luck with sth．若题干变为I've passed the exam则选A项．
★ 试题详解： 【巧解导析】A项是对别人取得成绩或获得成功表示祝贺的用语；而D项则是对别人将要去做的事表示祝愿．根据题意排除A，B，C项．
22、◆标准答案：D
★ 试题详解： 导解：I'm glad to hear that表示听到这个消息很高兴．
23、◆标准答案：D
★ 试题详解： 导解：此句是针对某物的特点提问．
24、◆标准答案：A
★ 试题提示： 【巧解点悟】弄清题干设置的语境，正确把握Thank you all the same表示感谢的具体含义．
★ 试题详解： 【巧解导析】B项是一般道别时的用语，C项表示你说的话是对的，相当于I agree with you．D项表示好吧！相当于OK．均不符合题意，故排除．
25、◆标准答案：B
★ 试题提示： 【巧解点悟】此题解题的关键是弄清表示“节日愉快”(包括新年、春节、圣诞、周末等)祝愿的内容适用于对话双方时，回答是“The same to you”“Same to you”或“You，too”．
★ 试题详解： 【巧解导析】A，D选项不符合此题的情景交际，故排除；而C项是打扰别人的用语，故不可选C．
26、◆标准答案：B
★ 试题详解： 导解：当回答对方表示赞扬的话语时，要用thanks．
27、◆标准答案：D
★ 试题详解： 导解：对公共节日的祝愿用The same to you回答．
28、◆标准答案：C
★ 试题详解： 导解：have a good trip表示祝愿．
29、◆标准答案：A
★ 试题提示： 【巧解点悟】此题的关键是根据下文的回答推出此句是就女孩的品质特征提问，而“What be… like”既可以就人的外貌特征提问，又可以就人的品质特征提问．
★ 试题详解： 【巧解导析】“How is the girl like”中like是介词，不能用副词how做宾语，故不能选D；而B，C是就女孩的外貌特征提问，所以不选B，C．
30、◆标准答案：A
★ 试题详解： 导解：how在题干中是针对副词提问，well修饰go.
三、阅读理解： 本大题共6小题， 第31小题为4.0分； 从第32小题到第34小题每题6.0分 小计18.0分； 第35小题为8.0分； 第36小题为10.0分； 共计40.0分。
31、◆标准答案：D;A
★ 试题详解： 1．D
导解：由文章第二段可知D项正确．
2．A
导解：试验的结果表明，人的感官有时发出错误的信号，它们并非总是准确的．故选A．
32、◆标准答案：D;D;A
★ 试题详解： 1．D
导解：由“Mary King, 13”和“Children 8～141
teaspoonful”可知．
2．D
导解：由倒数第三行可知．
3．A
导解：由倒数第一行可知．
33、◆标准答案：C;D;C
★ 试题详解： 1．C
导解：由第一自然段“Books were very expensive and there were few national newspapers”，以及“Only a very small quantity of reading and writing…”可知．
2．D
导解：由第一自然段最后一句可找到依据．
3．C
导解：由第二自然段“…are used to traveling not just in the Brithish Islands but all over the world”可知．
34、◆标准答案：A;D;B
★ 试题详解： 1．A
导解：这是一道主旨题．第一段中的一、二句话从三个方面说明了绿色植物是如何制造食物．
2．D
导解：由第三段中的第二句话可知．
3．B
导解：由文中倒数第二句话可知．
35、◆标准答案：C;D;B;A
★ 试题详解： 1．C
导解：由“so that they will not think us ill-mannered”可知．
2．D
3．B
4．A
导解：由this is not done可知．
36、◆标准答案：B;C;D;D;B
★ 试题详解： 1．B
导解：根据文章的意思可知．
2．C
导解：这是一道归纳判断题．第一段中建筑物被烧毁，桥梁被损坏，火车爆炸，轮船沉入大海，在电影中都不是真的事．
3．D
导解：文中的例子是用来说明为了使电影中的某一个情节逼真，一个特技摄影师需要花很长时间，才能想出一个好的办法．
4．D
导解：据文章内容可知．
5．B
导解：B项的意思与文中所讲的内容不符．
四、完形填空： 本大题共1小题， 第37小题为20.0分； 共计20.0分。
37、◆标准答案：B;B;A;D;C;C;A;C;C;B;D;A;C;B;D;C;A;C;B;C
★ 试题详解： 1．B
导解：job为可数名词，work为不可数名词．
2．B
导解：a very strong old lady意为“一个非常壮的老太太”．
3．A
导解：on the top floor“顶层”．
4．D
导解：at work“正在工作”．
5．C
导解：wounded指“刀伤，枪伤，剑伤”；hit“打了一下”；hurt“受伤”；broken为过去分词，应该用过去式broke.
6．C
导解：send for“派人去请”．
7．A
导解：have to“不得不”．
8．C
导解：with“带着”，“在某人身上”．
9．C
导解：around相当于about, 意思是“大约，大概”．
10．B
导解：then“到那时”，指大约过两个月后．
11．D
导解：take off“取下”．
12．A
导解：up or down stairs的意思是“上楼或下楼”．
13．C
导解：hand work指“手头工作”．
14．B
15．D
导解：so替代上文Mrs Power所问的话．
16．C
导解：listen强调动作过程，hear强调结果．
17．A
导解：根据下文的意思，表明她“非常疲劳”．
18．C
导解：the only one way.“惟一的方法”．
19．B
导解：by“通过”．
20．C
导解：通过排水管，那自然是件困难的工作．
五、改错题： 本大题共10小题， 从第38小题到第47小题每题1.0分 小计10.0分； 共计10.0分。
38、 ★ 试题详解： Don't 后加be
39、 ★ 试题详解： 去掉the
40、 ★ 试题详解： which→whose
导解：关系代词在从句中作定语．
41、 ★ 试题详解： taking→playing
42、 ★ 试题详解： 第二个could → can
43、 ★ 试题详解： cause→reason
44、 ★ 试题详解： fun前加a
45、 ★ 试题详解： where→that/which
导解：关系代词在从句中作宾语．
46、 ★ 试题详解： instead后加of
47、 ★ 试题详解： so not as to → so as not to