高二英语名词性从句
要点精讲
高考重点要求
1．掌握主语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、表语从句的基本句型结构。
2．弄清名词性从句的连词意义，掌握其用法。
3．根据句子语义确定使用何种从属连词。
名词从句分为：主语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、表语从句。我们看一下它们的属性。
如：that he failed the entrance examination
1)________made all of
us surprised.
2)He told me ________.
3)The result is
_______.
4)The news
_____surprised me.
我们在四个句子中可以填入that he failed the
entrance examination这个句子，发现都可成立。从上例不难看出，从本质上讲，这四类句子的属性是相同的，即：都起名词作用，只不过称谓不同,在整个句子中担当成分不同而已。
纵观几年高考，对复合句的考查重在连词，名词从句也不例外，基本上是针对引导词设题。
引导词的分类：
1．连接代词：what , who ,whom ,whose , which ，whatever,whoever,whichever,且这些词在从句中担当主、宾、表、定语作用。
2．连接副词：why, when , where,
how 在从句中充当时间、地点、原因、方式、程度状语。
whether , if
在从句中不充当成分，但整个句式中不可缺少，用以体现事件的不确定性。
3．that 是名词从句中一个很活跃的词，但它只起连接作用，陈述某一事实，引导宾语从句时某些情况可以省略。
针对如下情况，可进行对比：
1)______he will come to call on is uncertain .
2)_______he will come
to call on us is uncertain.
3)_____ he will come to call
on us makes us unhappy.
从第一句中我们可以看出主语从句本身并不完整，缺少call
on 的宾语，应加who;
第二句中表语为uncertain
,可知主语部分为未知信息，可加入when,
why ,how ,whether 等;
第三句表一种已知事实，故应加入that
。
二．that ,whether, if 在名词从句中的使用情况
1．that 在宾从中大多数情况下可以省略，在主、宾、表中不可省去。
但注意以下宾从中that 不可省。
I know nothing of him
except that he is from Henan.(介词后宾从中的that不可省)
２．whether
,if 宾语从句中可换用，但在主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中不可用if。
但注意在宾语从句中不能用if
的情况：
It all depends on whether they will
support us. (从句作介词宾语时不可用if)
He doesn't know
whether to stay or not. （后直接跟不定式时，不能用if）
Please let me know if you like it.(这句是有双重意思的，如果视为宾语从句，就应换为whether.否则就引起歧义。
三．从句的区分
1)He tells me his
idea ___we reduce the cost .
2)We are discussing the idea____he came up with yesterday.
第一句中we reduce the cost 应视为是idea 内容的一种说明，是同位语从句，而第二句中idea 可视为come up with 的宾语，缺少引导定从的关系代词that 或which ,当然可以省去关系代词。
四．分类复习中应注意的问题：
1.在主语从句中it
的使用
That he will come to the party is
certain。表意上并没有错误，但实际上并不太符合用语习惯，因此采用it 作形式主语，使句式平衡。
It is certain that he will come to the
party.
同样道理，it 也可用作形式宾语。
2．宾语从句中的情况
1）时态的呼应问题。
2）特殊句式：
动词suggest, insist,
demand, order ,request, require等引起的从句需用虚拟句式
主语+should +原形动词,should也可省。
He suggested that we should pay a visit to that town.(建议)
但注意：
What he said suggested that he had known the truth.(表明)
同样，insist
He insisted that we do it at once.(坚持要做)
He insisted that he had done nothing wrong.(坚持说一种事实)
wish 引起从句时从句中时态常转为过去时态。
I wish that there were no
examinations in school.
How he wishes he had worked hard in junior middle
school!
强化练习
1. It's no longer a
question now _____ man can land on the moon.
A. that B. if C. whether D. what
2. _____he said at the
meeting astonished everyone at present.
A. What B. That C. The fact D. The matter
3. In front of___
remained of my old house, I took some pictures, which called up my childhood.
A. which B. the place C. where D. what
4. _____ you can go to
college this year depends on ___ you are studying hard now.
A. That, that B. Whether, whether
C. If, if D. Whether, if
5. _____has recently
been done to provide more buses for the people, a shortage of public vehicles(车辆)remains a serious problem.
A. That B. What
C. Though what D. In spite of what
6. I'll tell you _____
he expects will win such and such a match.
A. who B. whom C. what D. that
7. I didn't quite
follow you. What was _____you just said about the place?
A. that B. which C. how D. where
8. Maria has to
baby-sit. That's _____ she can' t come out with us.
A. when B. how C. why D. what
9. After ____seemed a
very long time, the badly-wounded soldier came back to life.
A. that B. it C. which D. what
10. _____she was
chosen monitor made him excited.
A. What B. That C. If D. Whether
11. I don't think
_____Jenny can come home this weekend.
A. how B. why C. that D. when
12. When I try to find
_____ that prevents so many people from taking part in the program, it seems to
me that there are two mean causes.
A. what it does B. what it is C. why it does D. why it is
13. You should stick
to _____you have begun until you succeed.
A. which B. that
C. whatever D. no matter what
14. Someone is ringing
the doorbell. Go and see _____.
A. who is he B. who he is
C. who is it D. who it is
1. A 2. A 3. D 4. B 5. D 6. A 7. A 8. C 9. D 10. B 11.C 12. B 13. C 14. D
Whatever与no matter what
It is generally
considered unwise to give a child ____ he or she wants．
A．whatever
B．no matter what
C．whenever
D．no matter when
此题应选A。容易误选B。选项C，D显然是错的，因为句中的wants缺宾语，而C，D两项不能作宾语。至于C，D的区别，可这样描述：no matter what只能引导状语从句，而不引导名词性从句。而whatever既可引导名词性从句（＝anything that），也可引导状语从句（＝no matter what）：
1．引导名词性从句（只用whatever）：
无论他做什么都是对的。
正：Whatever he did was right．
误：No matter what he did
was right．
山羊找到什么就吃什么。
正：Goats eat whatever
they find．
误：Goats eat no matter
what they find．
2．引导状语从句（两者可换用）：
无论你说什么，我都不会相信你。
正：Whatever you say，I won't believe you．
正：No matter what you say，I won't believe you．
无论发生什么，都要保持镇定。
正：Keep calm，whatever happens．
正：Keep calm，no matter what happens．
如何区分引导名词性从句的what, that
—I think ____ he needs is more practice．
—Yes． ____ he needs more practice is clear．
A．what， What B．that，That
C．what， That D．that， What
此题应选C。其余三项均可能被误选。What和that都可以引导名词性从句，但有区别：
1．what引导名词从句时，它在从句中要充当句子成分（主语、宾语等），而that引导名词从句时，它在从句中不能充当句子成分。
2．what引导名词从句时，它有词义（表示：什么；所…的[东西]）；而that引导名词从句时，它没有词义。
请做以下试题，注意区别what和that：
1． ____ you said is different from the thing
____ he told us．
A．What，what B．That，that
C．What，that D．That，what
2．—I think he said is true．
—But don't forget the fact ____ he is a cheat．
A．what，what B．that，that
C．what，that D．that，what
3． ____ surprised us most is ____ he spoke
English so well．
A．What，what B．That，that C．What，that
1．C 2．C 3．C
引导名词从句的whether与that
____ we'll go camping tomorrow depenps
on the weather．
A．If B．Whether C．That
D．When
此题应选B。容易误选A，C。
1．关于if与whether：两者都可引导宾语从句，常可换用；但若引导主语从句，则用whether（不用if），排除A。又如：
他是否会来还是个问题。
误：If he will come is a
question．
正：Whether he will come
is a question．
2．关于whether和that：两者都可引导主语从句，其区别主要应从句意来考虑：whether表示“是否”，由它引导的主语从句的意思通常是不确定的；that引导主语从句时，本身没有词义（that 在其它名词性从句中也没有词义），但是由that引导的整个主语从句的意思通常是确定的。试比较：
1．a．That we'll hold a
meeting is decided．我们要召开一次会议，这已决定了。
b．Whether we'll hold a meeting is not decided．我们是否要开一个会，这还没有决定。
2．a．That he has left here
is clear．他已离开了这儿，这点很清楚。
b．Whether he has left here is not clear．他是否已离开这儿，这还不清楚。
3．a．That he can finish it
in two hours is clear．
b．whether he can finish it in two hours is a question．
引导名词性从句的what
____ he said at the
meeting astonished everyone present．
A．What
B．That
C．If
D．Whether
此题应选A。选项C（if）显然不能选，因为if通常不能引导主语从句；选项B（that）和D（whether）虽然都可以引导主语从句，但两者除了意思不合题意外，还有它们在主语从句中都不充当句子成分，而此句中的he said缺宾语。
在名词性从句中，what根据情况不同，可能有两方面的用法和意思：
1．用作连接代词，表示“什么”（由疑问词变来）：
I don't know what he gave her．我不知道他给了她什么。
What he will say at the meeting is not known to us．他在会上将说些什么，我们还不知道。
2．表示“所…的（东西）”，在结构上相当于一个名词加一个定语从句（所以有人称这样用的what为关系代词型的what）：
把你买的东西拿给我看。
Show me what you bought．
→Show me the thing that you bought．
这是他想要的东西。
This is what he wants．
→This is the thing that he wants．
我们需要的是钱。
What we need is money．
→The thing that we need is money．
名词性从句试题集锦
1.I ask her __ come with me.
A.if she will B.if will she C.whether will she D.will
she
2.__ He said is ture. A.What B.That C.Which D.Whether
3.Can you tell me __? A.who is that gentleman is
B.that gentleman is who C.who that gentleman is D.whom is that gentleman
4.He din't know which room __.
A.they lived B.they lived in C.did they live D.did
they live in
5.To get the job started,__ I need is from here.
A.only what B.all what C.all that D.only that
6.I have no idea __ the railway station? A.what B.how
C.it's D.that
7.Can you tell me __the railway station?
A.how I can get to B.what can I get to C.where I can
got to D.whrer can I get to
8.Do you know __?
A.what is his name B.how is his name C.what his name
is D.how his name is
9.___ you have done might do harm to orther people.
A.That B.What C.Which D.This
10.They have no idea at all __.
A.where he has gone B.where did he go
C.which place has he gone D.where has he gone
11.They want to know __ do to help us.
A.what can they B.what they can C.how they can D.how
can they
12.These photographs will show you __.
A.what our village looks like B.how does our village look like
C.how does our village look like D.how our village
looks like
13.Can you make sure __the gold ring?
A.where Alice had put B.where had Alice put C.where Alice has put
D.where has Alice put
14.No one can be sure __in a million years. A.what man
will look like B.what will man look like C.man will look like D.what look man
like
15.__ the 2008 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing
is not know yet. A.Whenever B.If C.Whether D.That
16.Go and get your coat.It's __ you left it.
A.there B.where C.there where D.where there
17.It worried her a bit __ her hair was truning gray.
A.while B.that C.if D.for
18.__ he said at the meeting astonished everybody
present.
A.What B.That C.The fact D.The matter
19.--Do you remember __ he came? --Yes,I do,he came by
car.
A.how B.when C.that D.if
20.__ we can't get seems better than __ we have.
A.what;what B.What;that C.That;that D.That;what
21.__ we'll go camping tomorrow depends on the
weather.
A.If B.Whether C.That D.Where
22.It is generally considered unwise to give a child
__ he or she wants.
A.howeven B.whatever C.whichever D.whenever
23.--I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.
--Is that __ you had a few days off? A.why B.when C.what D.where
24.These wild flowers are so special I would do __ I
can to save them.
A.whatever B.that C.which D.whichever
25.__ you don't like him is none of my business.
A.What B.Who C.That D.Whether
26.You can't imagine __ when they reveived these nice
Christmas presents.
A.how they were excited B.how excited they were
C.how
excited were they D.they were how excited
27.__ caused the accident is still a complete mystery.
A.What B.That C.How D.Where
28.I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella.__ I got
wet through.
A.It's the reason B.That's why C.There's why D.It's
how
29.It was a matter of __ would take the position.
A.who B.whoever C.whom D.whomever
30.__ has helped to save the drowning girl is worth
praising.
A.Who B.The one C.Anyone D.Whoever
31.It was __ he said __ disappointed me.
A.what;that B.that;that C.what;what D.that;what
32.Eat __ cake you like and leave the others fow __
comes in late.
A.any;who B.every;whoever C.whichever;whoever D.either,whoever
1．You can’t imagine ______ when they received these nice Christmas presents.
A. how they were excited B. how excited they were
C. how excited were they D . they were how excited
2．Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see ______________.
A. who is he B. who he is C. who is it D. who it is
3．He asked ________ for the violin.
A. did I pay how much B. I paid how much
C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid
4．These photographs will show you ____________________.
A. what does our village look like B. what our village looks like
C. how does our village look like D. how our village looks like
5．The old man smiled when he saw how pretty ____ up to be during the past few years.
A. had his daughter grown B. would his daughter grow
C. his daughter would grow D. his daughter had grown ( NMET88 ---- 19 )
6．_______ we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.
A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where (NMET96 ---- 25 )
7． ______we can’t get seems better than ______ we have.
A. What, what B. That, that C. What, that D. That, what (NMET96 ---- 22 )
8．These wild flowers are so special I would do ______ I can to save them.
A. whatever B. which C. that D. whichever (2000春NMET ---- 25 )
9．_________ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.
A. Who B. Whoever C. Whomever D. Whom (NMET88 ---- 12 )
9．It was a matter of _______ would take the position.
A. who B. whoever C. whomever D. whom (98年上海卷 ---- 24 )
10．Sarah hopes to become a friend of ______ shares her interests.
A. anyone B. whoever C. whomever D. no matter who ( 95年上海卷 ---- 18 )
10．---- I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.
---- Is that ______ you had a few days off ?
A. why B. what C. when D. where ( NMET99 ---- 18 )
11．I remember ______ this used to be a quiet village.
A. when B. how C. where D. what ( NMET93 ---- 29 )
12．_____ caused the accident is still a complete mystery.
A. What B . That C. How D. Where (98年上海卷 --- 5 )
13． It worried her a bit _____ her hair was turning gray.
A .while B. if C .for D. that ( NMET92 --- 29 )
14．It worried Mary a lot _____ she would pass the college entrance examination.
A. whether B. if C. that D. how
15．Shanghai has taken on a new look. It isn’t like _____ it used to be .
A .what B. how C. that D. which
16．A computer can only do _____ you have instructed it to do.
A .how B. after C. what D .when ( NMET2001 --- 31 )
17．Little Tommy was reluctant to tell the schoolmaster ____ he had done the day before.
A .that B. how C .what D. where ( 2001春上海卷 ---- 31 )
18．What the doctors really doubt is ____ my mother will recover from the serious disease soon.
A. when B. how C. whether D. why ( 2001春上海卷 ---- 29 )
19．___ helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.
A. Who B. Anyone C. Whoever D. The person （ 99年上海卷 --- 3 ）
20．Eat _____ you like and leave the others for _____ comes in late.
A. any, who B. every, whoever C. whichever, whoever D. either., whoever
( 2000春上海卷 ----7 )
21．____ she couldn’t understand was _____ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.
A. What, why B. That, why C. What, because D. Why, that
（ 2001年上海卷 --- 27 ）
22．It was ____ he said ___ disappointed me.
A. What, that B. That, that C. What, what D. That, what （ 99年上海卷 - 5 ）
23．Information has been put forward ____ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.
A. while B. that C when D. as (2001年上海卷 --- 35 )
24．____ is no possibility ______ Bob will win the first prize in the match.
A. There, that B. It, that C. There, whether D. It, whether
（ 2001年春上海卷 --- 15 ）
[练习答案]
Key:1.A 2.A 3.C 4.B 5.C 6.B 7.A 8.C 9.B 10.A 11.B 12.B 13.C 14.A 15.C 16.B 17.B 18.A 19.A 20.A 21.B(或D) 22.B 23.A 24.A 25.C 26.B 27.A 28.B 29.A 30.D 31.A 32.C
1．D 2) B 3) D 4) A 5) D 6) A 7) A 8) C 9) C 10) C 11) C 12) C 13) A 14) A
历届高考英语单项选择题精选(四)名词性从句、状语从句
1.These photographs will show you _____.
A. what does our village look like B. what our village looks like
C. how does our village look like D. how our village looks like (89)
2.Can you make sure ______ the gold ring?
A.where Alice had put B. where did Alice put
C.where Alice has put D. where has Alice put (90)
3.No one can be sure _____ in a million years.
A.what man will look like B.what will man look like
C.man will look like what D.what look will man like (91)
4.—-We haven’t heard from Jane a long time.
--What do you suppose _____ to her?
A.was happening B.has happened
C.to happen D.having happened (91)
5.Go and get your coat. It’s _____you left it.
A.there B.where C.there where D.where there (92)
6._____ the 2000 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not known yet.
A.Whenever B.If C.Whether D.That (92)
7._____ he said at the meeting astionished everyone present.
A.What B.That C.That fact D.The matter (93)
8.—-Do yopu remember _____ he came?
--Yes, I do . He came by car.
A.how B.when C.that D.it (94)
9._____ we can’t get seems better than ______ we have.
A.What , what B.What , that C.That , that D.That , what (95)
10.After the war, a new school building was put up ________there had once been a theatre.
A. that B. where C. which D. when (97)
11.Mother will wait for him to have dinner together.
A. However late is he B. However he is late
C. However is he late D. However late he is (97)
12.Dr,Black comes from either Oxford or Cambridge,I can‘t remember _____.
A.where B.there C.which D.that (98)
13.Why do you want a new job_____you’ve got such a good one already?
A.that B.where C.which D.when (98)
14. －－I,m going to the post office.
－－＿＿＿＿＿you‘re there. can
you get me some stamps?
A. As B. While C. Because D. If (99)
15. ＿＿＿＿＿you’ve got a chance. you might as well make full use
of it.
A. Now that B. After C. Although D. AS soon as (99)
16．－－Idrove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.
－－Is that ＿＿＿＿＿ you had a few
days off?
A. why B. when C. what D. where (99)
17. You should make it a rule to leave things＿＿＿＿＿you can find them
again
A. when B.where C.then D.there (99)
18. We‘ll have tofinish the job.＿＿＿＿＿.
A. long it takes
howewer B. it takes howewer long
C. long however it
takes D. however long it
takes (99)
19.______she couldn’t understand was _______ fewer and fewer studnets showed interest in her lesson.
A.What , why B.That , what C.What , because D.Why , that (2000)
20.Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see ___________.
A.who is he B.who he is C.who is it D.who it is (2000)
KEYS: 1-5 BCABB 6-10CAAAB 11-15 DCDBA 16-20 ABDAD
宾语从句疑难扫描
宾语从句的一般用法同学们一定已经掌握了，现对其疑难点进行讲解，以便你得心应手地使用它。
1. 引导词that的取舍
that引导宾语从句时，特别是在口语中 that常可省略。但在下列情况下，引导宾语从句的that一般不省略。
1）当由两个或两个以上的that引导的从句作同一个动词或介词的宾语时，第二个以及以后从句中的that不宜省略。如：
He said（that）he couldn't tell you right away and that you wouldn't understand．
2）当动词think， make，feel，consider等后用it作形式宾语来代替that引导的宾语从句时。如：
We think it necessary that we should practise spoken English every day．
3）当that引导的宾语从句中的状语紧接that时。如：
He said that even if it rained，he would be able to come．
2．引导词whether和if的选用
二者引导宾语从句时，一般可换用。但在下列情况下，通常只能用whether而不能用if。
1）在动词discuss和介词后作宾语时。如：
We discussed whether we should close the shop．
It all depends on whether they will support us．
2）在引导词后紧接or not时。如：
We didn't know whether or not she was ready．（比较：We didn't know whether／if she was ready or not．）
3）当用if易引起歧义时。如：
Please let me know whether you likeit．（若该句用if，也可理解为：如果你喜欢它，请告诉我。）
3. 从句中谓语动词时态的选择
一般地说，当主句谓语动词使用的是过去的时态时，后面宾语从句中的时态要受主句时态的限制，用相应的过去时态。但若宾语从句所表示的是客观真理（规律）或人和物的经常性、习惯性以及阶段性的动作或事实时，则从句的时态不受主句时态的限制。这种情况下从句常用一般现在时。如：
When I was a boy，my teacher told me that the earth is round．
He told me he goes to the park every day．
4．从句中使用虚拟语气的场合
1）在表示建议（suggest），要求（demand，insist）和命令（order）等动词后的宾语从句中，常用“（should）＋动词原形”的形式来表示虚拟语气。如：
I suggest that we（should）have a rest now．
2）表示愿望的wish后的宾语从句中须用虚拟语气。如：
I wish I could fly．（用过去式表示与现在事实相反的愿望）
I wish I had known it before．（用过去完成式表示过去未实现的愿望）
I wish you would stay a little longer．（用would或would ＋动词原形来表示将来的愿望）
5. 含宾语从句的疑难句型
1）I／We don't think ＋宾语从句
这是一个常见的否定转移句型。使用时常把宾语从句中的否定词not移至主句中，即主句谓语用否定式而从句谓语则用肯定式。该结构常译为“我（我们）认为……不……”。如：
We don't think there is anything of interest in your pictures．我们认为你的画并没有什么有趣的地方。
2）疑问词（what，how，who等）＋do you think ＋其它句子成分
这是一个复杂特殊疑问句。它由一个一般疑问句（do you think）和一个特殊疑问句（疑问词＋其它句子成分）合并而成。如：
When do you think he will be back？你认为他会什么时候回来呢？
注：常用于上面两结构的主句动词除think外，还有believe，suppose，imagine等。
（文／河北尚义 师茂；英语辅