语法知识精讲
一． 代词it的用法
1. 用作人称代词代替前面所提到的事物。如：
My dictionary is missing. I can’t find it anywhere.
2. 用于代替指示代词this, that.
— What is this?
— It’s a computer.
— Whose computer is that?
— It’s hers.
3. 用于表示季节、时间、距离、自然现象和环境。
It was rather windy at sea sometimes.
It was thousands of miles from China to America.
It was midnight when he heard a man crying softly.
It was terrible, long journey for him.
二．引导it的用法
1．作形式主语，代替由不定式或不式复合结构、动名词、或从句所表示的真正的主语。如：
It is exciting to find an ancient tomb. (代替不定式)
It was wrong for you not to help her. (代替不定式复合结构)
It isn’t known where she has gone. （代替主语从句）
It will be useless learning a theory without practice. （代替动名词）
It is believed that this man found in the grave was from a rich family.（代替主语从句）
2．作形式宾语，带替由不定式、动名词或从句所表示的真正宾语。
We consider it necessary to master two foreign languages.
（代替不定式）
We found it useless learning a theory without practice.
（代替动名词）
May I take it that you will write me a letter?
（代替宾语从句 ）
I hate it when people talk with their mouth full.
(代替宾语从句)
3．用在强调结构中。为了强调句子的某一成分（通常是主语、宾语、或状语），常用“It is (was)+ 被强调部分 + that (who)…”结构。如： I met Tom in the street yesterday. 这句子可用该结构来分别强调句中的主语、宾语、地点状语和时间状语。如：
It was I who met Tom in the street yesterday.
It was Tom that I met in the street yesterday.
It was in the street that I met Tom yesterday.
It was yesterday that I met Tom in the street
It用法专练
1. How is_____ possible for someone of such a modest background to get his book published?
A. what B. that C. it D. this
2. In which play is _____ your brother appears?
A. that where B. this when C. it that D. it where
3. ______ the harder you work the better result you will get.
A. It’s believed that B. What we believed that
C. It’s fact D. What the fact is
4. We consider________ a beautiful city to visit in autumn.
A. that B. it C. this D. what
5. — Can you tell us how the war was in the end?
—I don’t know. ________.
A. It’s hard to say B. It doesn’t matter.
C. It’s no saying. D. It’s depends on the work.
6. Does ______ matter a lot whether she will come here by bus or by taxi?
A. the thing B. that C. it D. her mother
7. Nothing can stop us, _______?
A. can’t it B. can it C. can’t we D. can we
8. _______ felt funny being called grandmother.
A. I B. we C. It D. Everyone
9.—listen! Someone is unlocking the door.
—______ must be your father coming back from Beijing.
A. It B. There C. That D. This
10. — Hold the ladder for me.
—That’s _______.
A. all B. all right C. complete D. it
11. — Have you written a letter to her ?
— No, but I’m going to write _______ tonight.
A. it B. that C. those D.one
12.—Will they come to the meeting?
—________.
A. I know so B. I am sure so. C. I am sure of it. D.I question it
13. It______ Mary and Tom that I saw in the street.
A. was B. were C. are D. will be
14. ______ now pretty late, we took candles and went upstairs.
A. Being B. For C. For being D. It being
15. ______ seems little different between the two words.
A. It B. This C. That D. There
16.— Who came to see you last?
— ______ was an old friend of mine.
A. That B. This C. There D. It
17. The teacher told the students _______ .
A. why to learn English important
B. why was it important to learn English
C. Why it important to learn English
D. Why it was important to learn English
18. There was a lot of rubbish on the floor so I asked Jack to sweep ______ up.
A. her B. it C. them D. what
19. I want that new coat but ______ is too expensive for me at present.
A. which B. one C. it D. what
20. Our food and service are better than ______ used to be.
A. it B. we C. they D. them
21. The TV set made in China are much better than _____ in Japan.
A. that B. those C. them D. it
22. — I am looking for a flat.
— Would you like _____ with _____ garden?
A. it; the B. it; a C. one; a D. one; the
23. I don’t think _____ possible to master a foreign language without memory work.
A. this B. that C. its D. it
24. It was not ______ she took off her glasses _____ I realized she was a famous film star.
A. when; that B. until; that C. until; when D. When; then
25. _______ four years since I joined the Army.
A. it was B. It is C. There is D. There was
Answers: 1-5 CCABA 6-10 CBCAD 11-15 DAADD
16-20 DDBCC 21-25 BCDBB