高考英语试题精讲(一 ) 例题(1) : Father went to his doctor for ________ about his heart trouble. A. an advice B. advice C. advices D. the advices 答案:B 1. 解析: advice为不可数名词,它没有复数形式,不可以在其后加s,也不能在它前面用不定冠词,因此不能选A、C、D。 做此题的关键是判断advice是可数名词还是不可数名词,并掌握这两类名词的不同特性。 2. 补充说明: 名词分为可数名词与不可数名词,常考易错的不可数名词有: news , information, weather, advice, progress, work, homework, population, water 和oil等。 (2)注意以下名词的数: clothes, trousers, glasses, goods, crops是复数,但a suit of clothes, a pair of trousers 应视为单数。 police, people视为复数。 family, class 单复数均可,但含义不同。 以下几个词,单复数的意义有较大的区别: work---works (工厂、著作) good---goods (货物) sand---sands (沙滩) brain---brains (智力、脑力) force---forces (军队) glass---glasses (眼镜) thing---things (情况) 几个名词的复数形式 sheep (sheep) deer (deer) child (children) girl student (girl students) woman teacher (women teachers) brother-in-law (brothers-in-law) 3. 补充练习 1. The ____ you saw last month come out every morning. A. cow B. dog C. deer D. horse 答案:C。原句谓语动词为come,所以主语应为复数名词,而A、B、C、D中只有deer是单复数同形的词。 2. ____ is needed in cold countries. A. A lot of clothes B. Much clothing C. Many cloth D. Lots of clothes 答案:B。clothing 是不可数名词,而clothes 是复数名词,其后动词应用are, cloth意为布料,不可数,不用many。 例题(2) Miss. Smith is a friend of ____. A. Mary's mother's B. Mary mother C. Mother's of Mary D. Mary mother's 答案:A 1. 解析: 答案A的意思为玛丽的妈妈的一个朋友,这种现象称为双重所有格。又如:a student of my father's ,我父亲的一个学生。Mary mother 这种说法是中国式的,不妥。做此题的关键是掌握好英语名词中的所有格。无生命东西,常用of,如:the desks of our school。 有生命的东西常用's ,如:Tom's book, teacher's office 等。 2. 补充说明: A.不以s或es结尾的复数名词的所有格,仍加's women's team children's books B.指时间、距离、国家等无生命的名词,也可加's 构成所有格,如: today's paper ten minutes' ride China's capital C.易混名词的辨析 a photo of John ____ a photo of John's the teacher's office ____ the teachers' office travel, trip, journey, tour incident, accident sound, voice, noise number, amount weather, day family, house, home 3. 补充练习: 1). I bought ____ salt at that shop. A. twenty pounds B. twenty pound's C. twenty pounds' D. twenty pound of 答案C。简单说明 2). Tom made a ____ to the northwest of China last year. A. travel B. journey C. visit D. stay 答案B。简单说明 例题(3) Alice is fond of playing ____ piano while Henry is interested in listening to ____ music. A. /, the B. /, / C. the, / D. the, the 答案:C。 解析: 此题考查冠词的使用。在乐器名称前应加定冠词the, 而音乐在非特指的情况下,不能加the, 因此选C。做此题的关键是掌握好何时应该加定冠词,何时不能用冠词。 补充说明: 关于名词前加定冠词的12种情况 1) 特指的东西 2) 再次提到的 3) 虽然是第一次提到,但说话双方心里都明白的 如:Open the door, please. 4) 江、河、湖、海、山脉的名称 如:the Pacific 5) 太阳、月亮、地球等 6) 乐器名称 7) 形容词最高级前 8) 序数词前 9) 专有名词词组 如:the People's Republic of China 10) the + 形容词构成一类人 如:the rich, the poor 11) the + 数字,表示年代 如:in the sixties 12) 固定用法 如:in the morning, go to the cinema 补充练习: 1. ---- Where's Jack? ---- I think he's still in ____ bed, but he might just be in ____ bathroom. A. /, / B. the, the C. the, / D. /, the 答案:D。简略解释:in bed 与in the bed 2. Paper money was in ____ use in China when Marco Polo visited the country in ____ thirteenth century. A. the, / B. the, the C. /, the D. /, / 答案:C。简略解释:in use 例题(4) Many people are still in ____ habit of writing silly things in ____ public places. A. the, the B. /, / C. the, / D. /, the 答案:C。 1. 解析: 此题考查冠词的使用,一般说来,特指某个东西,应用定冠词the, 非特指的复数名词应不用冠词。此题中habit 是特指乱写乱画的习惯,应该用the, 而公众场所则是泛指的,不能用the。 英语中不用冠词的几种情况值得注意。 2. 补充说明: 不用冠词的8种情况 非特指的复数名词 如:We are students. 球类、三餐名称前 如:I like football. I have supper at 7. 专有名词前 如:I love China. 非特指的物质名词,抽象名词 如:water, homework 节日、假日名称前 如:at Christmas 名词前已有所有格修饰或有代词时 如:this book, my son 固定用法 如:at night, arm in arm 3、补充练习 1. When he worked in ____ town, he earned a lot. A. the B. an C. / D. one 答案:C。解释:go to town, go to the city 2. They are ____ teachers while we are ____ students. A. the, the B. /, / C. the, / D. /, the 答案:B。解释:非特指,不用冠词 例题(5) ____ discovered iron, which is ____ useful metal. A. The man, a B. Man, a C. Man, an D. The man, an 答案:B。 解析: 英语中有些情况用冠词或不用冠词,用the 或a 均可,但意思差别较大,应注意。此题的man, 如前面无冠词,指人类,如加上the 则特指那个人,显然铁不是某个人一人发现的,应用man, 另外, useful 的第一个读音的音素为 [ j ] 是辅音,应用a。 补充说明: 掌握以下冠词使用中的一些特殊用法,尤其是因为冠词的出现而产生的差别。 (1) a number of --- the number of (2) in front of --- in the front of (3) the workers of the factory --- workers of the factory (4) three of us --- the three of us (5) by bus--- on the bus (6) at school--- at the school (7) next week---the next week (8) for a moment--- for the moment (9) more than a year --- more than one year (10) last week --- for the last week 补充练习: ____ number of students are playing football. A. The B. A C. Large D. Small 答案:B。简略分析 I have been very busy ____. A. last week B. in the last week C. for last week D. the last week 答案:B。简略分析 |