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高考英语试题精讲(一)

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高考英语试题精讲(一

例题(1

Father went to his doctor for ________ about his heart trouble.
 A. an advice    B. advice   C. advices   D. the advices
答案:B
1 解析:
advice为不可数名词,它没有复数形式,不可以在其后加s,也不能在它前面用不定冠词,因此不能选A、C、D。
做此题的关键是判断advice是可数名词还是不可数名词,并掌握这两类名词的不同特性。

2 补充说明:
名词分为可数名词与不可数名词,常考易错的不可数名词有:
news , information, weather, advice, progress, work, homework, population, water 和oil等。
(2)注意以下名词的数:
clothes, trousers, glasses, goods, crops是复数,但a suit of clothes, a pair of trousers 应视为单数。
police, people视为复数。
family, class 单复数均可,但含义不同。
以下几个词,单复数的意义有较大的区别:
work---works (工厂、著作)
good---goods (货物)
sand---sands (沙滩)
brain---brains (智力、脑力)
force---forces (军队)
glass---glasses (眼镜)
thing---things (情况)
几个名词的复数形式
sheep (sheep)
deer (deer)
child (children)
girl student (girl students)
woman teacher (women teachers)
brother-in-law (brothers-in-law)

3 补充练习
1. The ____ you saw last month come out every morning.
 A. cow     B. dog      C. deer    D. horse
答案:C。原句谓语动词为come,所以主语应为复数名词,而A、B、C、D中只有deer是单复数同形的词。

2. ____ is needed in cold countries.
 A. A lot of clothes     B. Much clothing     C. Many cloth      D. Lots of clothes
答案:B。clothing 是不可数名词,而clothes 是复数名词,其后动词应用are, cloth意为布料,不可数,不用many。

例题(2

Miss. Smith is a friend of ____.
 A. Mary's mother's       B. Mary mother
 C. Mother's of Mary      D. Mary mother's
答案:A
1 解析:
答案A的意思为玛丽的妈妈的一个朋友,这种现象称为双重所有格。又如:a student of my father's ,我父亲的一个学生。Mary mother 这种说法是中国式的,不妥。做此题的关键是掌握好英语名词中的所有格。无生命东西,常用of,如:the desks of our school。 有生命的东西常用's ,如:Tom's book, teacher's office 等。

2 补充说明:
A.不以s或es结尾的复数名词的所有格,仍加's
women's team children's books
B.指时间、距离、国家等无生命的名词,也可加's 构成所有格,如:
today's paper ten minutes' ride China's capital
C.易混名词的辨析
a photo of John ____ a photo of John's
the teacher's office ____ the teachers' office
travel, trip, journey, tour
incident, accident
sound, voice, noise
number, amount
weather, day
family, house, home
3 补充练习:
1). I bought ____ salt at that shop.
 A. twenty pounds   B. twenty pound's
 C. twenty pounds'  D. twenty pound of
答案C。简单说明

2). Tom made a ____ to the northwest of China last year.
 A. travel   B. journey   C. visit   D. stay
答案B。简单说明

例题(3

Alice is fond of playing ____ piano while Henry is interested in listening to ____ music.
 A. /, the  B. /, /   C. the, /   D. the, the
答案:C。
解析:
此题考查冠词的使用。在乐器名称前应加定冠词the, 而音乐在非特指的情况下,不能加the, 因此选C。做此题的关键是掌握好何时应该加定冠词,何时不能用冠词。
补充说明:
关于名词前加定冠词的12种情况
1) 特指的东西
2) 再次提到的
3) 虽然是第一次提到,但说话双方心里都明白的
如:Open the door, please.
4) 江、河、湖、海、山脉的名称
如:the Pacific
5) 太阳、月亮、地球等
6) 乐器名称
7) 形容词最高级前
8) 序数词前
9) 专有名词词组
如:the People's Republic of China
10) the + 形容词构成一类人
如:the rich, the poor
11) the + 数字,表示年代
如:in the sixties
12) 固定用法
如:in the morning, go to the cinema

补充练习:
1. ---- Where's Jack?
  ---- I think he's still in ____ bed, but he might just be in ____ bathroom.
  A. /, /   B. the, the   C. the, /    D. /, the
答案:D。简略解释:in bed 与in the bed

2. Paper money was in ____ use in China when Marco Polo visited the country in ____ thirteenth century.
 A. the, /   B. the, the   C. /, the   D. /, /
答案:C。简略解释:in use

例题(4

Many people are still in ____ habit of writing silly things in ____ public places.
 A. the, the   B. /, /   C. the, /   D. /, the
答案:C。

1
解析:
此题考查冠词的使用,一般说来,特指某个东西,应用定冠词the, 非特指的复数名词应不用冠词。此题中habit 是特指乱写乱画的习惯,应该用the, 而公众场所则是泛指的,不能用the。
英语中不用冠词的几种情况值得注意。

2
补充说明:
不用冠词的8种情况
非特指的复数名词
如:We are students.
球类、三餐名称前
如:I like football. I have supper at 7.
专有名词前
如:I love China.
非特指的物质名词,抽象名词
如:water, homework
节日、假日名称前
如:at Christmas
名词前已有所有格修饰或有代词时
如:this book, my son
固定用法
如:at night, arm in arm

3
、补充练习
1. When he worked in ____ town, he earned a lot.
 A. the   B. an   C. /   D. one
答案:C。解释:go to town, go to the city

2. They are ____ teachers while we are ____ students.
 A. the, the   B. /, /   C. the, /   D. /, the
答案:B。解释:非特指,不用冠词

例题(5

____ discovered iron, which is ____ useful metal.
 A. The man, a   B. Man, a   C. Man, an   D. The man, an
答案:B。

解析:
英语中有些情况用冠词或不用冠词,用the 或a 均可,但意思差别较大,应注意。此题的man, 如前面无冠词,指人类,如加上the 则特指那个人,显然铁不是某个人一人发现的,应用man, 另外, useful 的第一个读音的音素为 [ j ] 是辅音,应用a。

补充说明:
掌握以下冠词使用中的一些特殊用法,尤其是因为冠词的出现而产生的差别。
(1) a number of --- the number of
(2) in front of --- in the front of
(3) the workers of the factory --- workers of the factory
(4) three of us --- the three of us
(5) by bus--- on the bus
(6) at school--- at the school
(7) next week---the next week
(8) for a moment--- for the moment
(9) more than a year --- more than one year
(10) last week --- for the last week

补充练习:
____ number of students are playing football.
 A. The   B. A   C. Large   D. Small
答案:B。简略分析

I have been very busy ____.
 A. last week    B. in the last week
 C. for last week  D. the last week
答案:B。简略分析