高三英语时态、语态
I.知识要点
1. 完成时态用法要点
1）现在完成时态与过去时态的区别
现在完成时态说明过去到现在为止已发生的动作或已有的经验，并对现在有影响。过去时态表示曾发生过事情。
例：How long did you live in Shanghai ? (现在不在上海)
How long have you lived in Shanghai ? (现在仍在上海)
--Where have you put my book ? I can’t find it.
--I put it right here.
2）完成时态常见句型
A. It has been（is） + 时间 + since + 一般过去时态
B. have done + since (for )
C. had done + before/when + 一般过去时态
D. had done + by the end of /up to/ till + 过去时间
E．will have done + by the end of + 现在时间
例：A. It is (has been ) five years since I moved here.
B. We haven’t seen each other since we met last month( for years).
C. He had learned 2000 English words before he went to America.
D. We had put up five power stations here by the end of last year.
E. We will have learned ten texts by the end of this term.
注意：
1. 表示第几次去（到）某地，在 句式中， 后面常用现在完成时。
This is the first time I have come to America.
2. 先行词是形容词的最高级或者被最高级修饰时，定语从句常用完成时态。
This Is the best film that I have ever seen.
3. 瞬间动词用于完成时态不能与for + 一段时间 或since + 时间连用。
常见瞬间动词有：arrive, reach, start, begin, leave, close, open, finish, join,
buy, die, find, see, go, 但可以与否定式连用
例：He has joined the army for three years. 误
He joined the army three years ago. 正
He hasn’t returned home for 3 years.
3) 完成进行时态与进行时态的区别
完成进行时态表示动作从过去一直持续到现在；而进行时时态只指目前正在发生的动作。
例：He has been reading that magazine since last night.
He is reading a magazine.
4） 在状语从句中代替将来时态。
例：Don’t get off the bus until it has stopped.
I will give my opinion when I have read the book through.
We will start at eight if it has stopped rained by then.
2．将来时态的表达形式
1）will/shall（只用于第一人称） + do 单纯的将来
例：They will fly to Beijing.
I shall go to Shanghai before you come back.
一般将来时有时可以表示一种倾向或习惯性动作。
1. Crops will die without water.
2. Oil will float on water.
2)be going to + do 表示近期的计划的计划、打算、安排或根据现有的各种因素判断很快发生的事情
例：We are going to visit a chemistry plant next week.
It’s going to rain, for it’s getting dark.
3）be to do 表示预先的计划或说话人的意志（命令，劝告）
例：He is to stay here till I return.(He must stay)
He is working hard at his lessons and he is going to take an examination next week.
4)be about to do表示很近的将来，“就要”， “即将”，“快要”的意思。
例：Hurry up, the play is about to start now.
The plane is about to take off.
5)be + comimg (leaving, reaching, returning, starting, dying, arriving, setting out)表示即将发生的动作， 常与表示未来的时间副词连用。
例：All aboard please, the train is leaving.
His father is arriving tonight.
6）一般现在时态代替将来时态（1）表示按规定或预计将要发生的事情 。（2） 用于
间、条件等状语从句中。
例：The plane takes off at eight in the morning.
It is Sunday tomorrow
We leave Beijing at 8 a.m and arrive at 7 p.m
If I see him tomorrow, I will tell him that good news.
3. 1) 过去的两个动作如果一个动作发生在另一个动作之前，那么发生前的就用过去 完成时， 即“过去的过去”。
When he reached the shop, It had already closed.
2) had + hoped(expected, supposed, meant, thought, wanted)表示未实现的希望、计划、想法等。
例：I had hoped to passed the exam, but I was not well that day.
I had thought that he had died three years before.
3) 在No sooner…than, hardly(scarcely/barely)..when …句式中， 前面用过去完成时。意为“刚……就……” “……就……”
Hardly had they been seated when the bus started.
No sooner had I finished the work than the light went out.
4.时态呼应
时态呼应主要用于宾语从句中，既：1）当主句是现在或将来时态时，从句可以用任何所需时态。2）当主句是过去时态时，从句必须用过去的某种时态。
例：He says that he will go to Wuhan(he went to Wuhan last week)
He told me that he had been to America.
5.be + always + doing 表示的不是进行时态而是一种感情色彩。
例：He is always helping others.(表扬)
They are always spitting in public.(批评)
6.主动形式被动意义的句子。
例：The book sells well.
The poems read smoothly.
The cloth washes well.
The knife cuts well.
The film will finish soon.
The box carries easily.
7.主动表示被动的结构。
1）have something to do
2）Sth.+ be + adj.+ to do
3）be worth doing
4）taste(sound, smell, feel) + adj.
5）Sth. needs(require, want) + doing
例：They have a lot of food to eat.
The text is very easy to understand.
That book is well worth reading.
The cloth feels soft.
The old need respecting.
8.易误用于被动语态的动词，如：break out, take place, happen, belong to, cost, last, become.
例：The book is belonged to me. 误
The books belongs to me 对
9． Vt + 宾语 + do 句型转换成被动语态时“do ”前要加 “to”.
例：The boss made his workers work day and night.
His workers were made to work day and night.
III.高考题实录
1. –Your phone number again? I ___quite catch it .(95)
--It’s .
A. didn’t B. couldn’t C. don’t D. can’t
2.--____the sports meet might be put off.(95)
--Yes, it all depends on the weather.
A. I’ve been told B. I’ve told C. I’m told D.I told
3.As she ____ the newspaper, Granny ___asleep. (95)
A. read; was falling B. was reading; fell
C. was reading; was falling D. read; fell
4.You don’t need to describe her. I ___ her several times. (95)
A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet
5.I do’t think Jim saw me; he ___into space.(95)
A. just stared B. was just staring
C. has just stared D. had just stared
6. --___my glasses ? --Yes, I saw them on your bed a minute
ago .(96)
A. Do you see B. Had you seen
C. Would you see D. Have you seen
7.Helen ___ her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband _______home.(96)
A. has left; comes B. left; had come
C. had left; came D. had left; would come
8. –Can I help you, sir ?
--Yes. I bought this radio here yesterday, but it ____. (96)
A. didn’t work B. won’t work
C. can’t work D. doesn’t work
9.I first met Lisa three years ago. She ____ at a radio shop at the time.(97)
A. has worked B. was working
C. had been working D. had worked
10.—Is this rain coat yours ?(97)
--No, mine ____ there behind the door.
A. is hanging B. has hung C. hangs D. hung
11. –Who is Jerry Cooper ?(97)
--___ ? I saw you shaking hands with him at the meeting.
A. Don’t you meet him yet B. Hadn’t you met him yet
C. Didn’t you met him yet D. Haven’t you met him yet
12.—You haven’t been to Beijing, have you ?(98)
--______. How I wish to go there !
A. Yes , I have B. Yes , I haven’t
C. No , I have D. No, I haven’t
13. –Nancy is not coming tonight. –But she ____! (98)
A . promises B. promised C. will promise D. had promised
14. Shirley ____ a book about China last year but I don’t know
whether she has finished it. (98)
A. has written B. wrote C. had written D. was writing
15.-Hi, Tracy, you look tired. –I am tired. I___ the living room all day.(98)
A. painted B. had painted
B. have been painting D. have painted
16. The price ___, but I doubt whether it will remain so.(99)
A. went down B. will go down
C. has gone down D. was going down
17.—Hey, look where you are going
--Oh, I’m terribly sorry. ______. (99)
A.I am not noticing B. I wasn’t noticing
C.I haven’t noticed D. I don’t notice
18.If city noises ____ from increasing, people ____ shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now.(92)
A. are not kept; will have to B. are not kept; have to
C. do not keep; will have to D. do not keep; have to
19.I need one more stamp before my collection ______.
A. had completed B. completes
C. has completed D. is completed
20.--________ the sports meet might be put off.
--Yes, it all depends on the weather.(95)
A. I’ve been told B. I’ve told
C. I’m told D. I told
IV.自测题
1.When eleven o’clock ___ and he still ___,I began to wonder if he ___ an accident.
A. came; arrived; had had B. came; hadn’t arrived; had
C. came; hadn’t arrived; had had D. had come; hadn’t arrived; had had
2. –Can you tell me when the train will leave ?
--It ____at 7 tomorrow morning.
A. will leave B. leaves C. is going to leave D. was to leave
3.—Look. It ____ again.
--This is the third time we ____ it this week.
A. will rain; shall have B. is raining; have had
C. is raining; have D. is going to rain; had
4.___ we fail this time, we ___ trying.
A. Even if; don’t stop B. Even though; wouldn’t stop
C. Even although; never stop D. Even though; won’t stop
5.—Was the driving pleasant when you went to Australia last year ?
---No, it ___ for four days when we arrived, so the roads were very muddy.
A. was raining B. had been raining
C. would be raining D. has rained
6.They ____ friends since they met in Shanghai.
A. have made B. have become C. have turned D. have been
7. Jack, I ___ go now; the Turners ___ for me.
A. must; will wait B. must; will be waiting
D. have to; must wait D. have to; should be waiting
8.This cloth ___ though it looks colorful.
A. doesn’t wash well B. didn’t wash well
C. isn’t washed well D. isn’t well washed
9.When she ___ I didn’t have much time to talk, because I ___ for Beijing in two hours.
A. phoned; was leaving B. has phoned; am leaving
C. phoned; have left D. phones; will leave
10.I ___ that she would come to help me, but he didn’t come.
A. expect B. have expected C. had expected D. was expected
11.By then the boy ____ for three days.
A. went away B. had left C. left D. had been away
12. --I don't know how to use this camera.
--It's quite easy. I ____ you.
A. will show B. am going to show
C. would show D. was going to show
13.As soon as he ___ how to use the computer , the boss ___ him a job.
A. is learning; shall get B. will learn; shall have got
C. learns; shall be getting D. has learned; shall get
14.John visited his uncle before he____ for Beijing.
A. would leave B. leaves C. had left D. left
15.They had all thought the train ___ by the time they arrived.
A. was leaving B. would have left C. left D. would be leaving
16.—Have you got the ticket for tomorrow’s concert ?
--Not yet, and I _____ to get it in the last three days.
A. have been trying B. will be trying
C. had tried D. have been tried
17.—We haven’t heard from Jane for a long time.
--What do you suppose ___ to her.
A. was happening B. to happen
C . has happened D. having happened
18. On Saturday afternoon, Mrs Green went to the market, ___ some apple and visited her cousin.
A. bought B. buying C. to buy D. buy
19.___ down the radio, and the baby’s asleep in the room.
A. Turning B. Turn C. Turned D. To turn
20. I’ll go with you as soon as I _____ my work.
A. will finish B. shall finish C. finish D. have finished
21.—Where ___ the dictionary ? I can’t see anywhere.
---I _____ it right here. But now it’s gone.
A. did you put; have put B. have you put; put
C. have you put; was putting D. were you putting; have put
22. They asked me to have a drink with them. I said it was at least ten years since I _____ a good drink.
A. had enjoyed B. was enjoyed C. enjoyed D. had been enjoying
23. My brother ___ while he _____ his bicycle and hurt himself.
A. fell; was riding B. fell; were riding
C. had fallen; rode D. had fallen; was riding
24. Tom was disappointed that most of the guests ___ when he ____ at the party.
A. left; had arrived B. left; arrived
C. had left; had arrived D. had left; arrived
25.---We could have walked to the station, it was so near.
-----Yes. A taxi ____ at all necessary.
A. wasn’t B. hadn’t been C. wouldn’t be D. won’t be
26.If city noises ____ from increasing, people ____ be heard only at the dinner table 20 years later from now.
A. are not kept ; will have to B. are not kept; have to
C. do not keep; will have to D. do not keep; have to
27. Tom ___ into the house when no one ____.
A. slipped; was looking B. had slipped; looked
C. slipped; had looked D. was slipping; looked
28.I ____ Jane when she ____ cotton in the fields.
A. had seen; was picking B. saw; picked
C. had seen; picked D. saw; was picking
29.My dictionary _____. I have looked for it everywhere but still ___ it.
.A. has lost; don’t find B. is missing; haven't found
C. has lost; haven’t found D. is missing ; got
30. – I’ m sorry to keep you waiting.
---Oh, not at all. I ___ here only a few minutes.
A. have been B. had been C. was D. will
31.—Do you like the material ?
---Yes, it ___ very soft.
A. is feeling B. felt C. feels D. is felt
32. I don’t really work here, I ______ until new secretary arrives.
A. just help out B. have just helped out
C. am just helping out D. will just help out
33. The man is dying fast, yet no doctor_______________.
A. had been sent B. has been sent
C. had been sent for D. has been sent for
34. Don’t get that ink on your shirt, for it ____.
A. won’t wash out B. won’t be washing out
C. isn’t washing out D. doesn’t wash away
35. The driver of the red car ____ when a black one came up quickly.
A. has just started B. was just starting
C. would just start out D. is just starting out
36.John ____ to work in a government office though he hated serving there.
A. wanted B. had wanted C. was wanted D. was wanting
37. Come and sit down by the fire. You hand ________.
A. feels so cold B. is felt so cold
B. feels so coldly D. feels so cold
38.—Have you moved into the new house ?
--Not yet. The rooms _______.
A. are being painting B. are painting
C. are painted D. are being painted
39. In some parts of the world, tea ____ with milk and sugar.
A. is serving B. is served C. serves D. served
40.—Why does Jenny look so unhappy ?
___ She _______where she doesn’t want to.
A. made to go B. is made go
C. makes to go D. is made to go
41．He ____ his leg when he ____ in a football match against another school.
A. broke; played B. was breaking; was playing
C. broke; was playing D. was breaking; played
42.—Will you go to the museum tomorrow ?
--I will if I ______ no visitors.
A. have B. will have C. shall have D. am having
43.—I’d like to go hunting with you, but I have a meeting ____.
--If you don’t go, _______.
A. to attend; so do I B. attending; so will I
C. attending; neither will I D. to attend; nor will I
44. When eleven o’clock ___ and he still ____, I began to wonder if he ___ an accident.
A. came; arrived; had had B. came; hadn’t arrived; had
D. came; hadn’t arrived; had had D. had come; hadn’t arrived; had
45. All possible means ____. However, nothing can ___ him dying of lung cancer.
A. has tried; stop B. have been tried; make
C. has been tried; stop D. have been tried; stop
46.I am sorry if I hurt your feeling and I ______.
A. did mean to B. don’t mean to
C. didn’t mean to D. don’t mean to
47.—Oh, it’s you ! I ____ you.
__I‘ve had my hair cut and I’m wearing new glasses.
A. didn’t recognize B. didn’t know
C. hadn’t recognize D. haven’t recognized
48.—Why aren’t you driving forward ?
--The road ____________.
A. is repaired B. was repaired
C. is being repaired D. repairs
49.—Why does Lingling look so unhappy ?
--She ______ at by her classmates.
A. was laughed B. laughed
C. has been laughed D. had been laughed
50.Now this book is very popular and it ____ out in the city .
A. has been sold B. has sold out
C. is sold D. was sold
高考题实录答案
1—5 AABBB 6—10 DCDBA 11—15 DDBDC 16—20 CBADA
自测题答案
1--5CBBDB 6--10DBAAC 11--15DADDB 16--20ACABC 21--25BAADA
26--30AADBA 31--350CCAAB 36—40CADBD 41—45CADDD 46—50CACCB