高三英语倒装句
北京四中 毕勤
一、语法知识
按 "主语+谓语"这种顺序排列的句子是陈述语序.如果排列顺序变为"谓语(或谓语的一部分)+主语" 就是倒装句.
(1) 倒装句的类型
1. 完全倒装: 整个谓语移至主语前面叫完全倒装.
Then came Mary and
George.
Have you any books
on that subject?
2. 部分倒装:只把助动词,系动词或情态动词放在主语之前叫部分倒装.
Has he gone to
school?
Is he your
classmate?
Can you finish the
work in three days?
(2) 倒装句的用法
1. 由于语法结构的需要而使用的倒装句
1) 用在疑问句中
Do you have a
physiology class on Tuesday afternoon?
Why are you so
angry with him?
注: 以疑问词或有疑问词修饰的名词作主语的疑问句不倒装.
Who was your
geography teacher in Grade One?
2) 用在 "There be "结构中
There are different
forms of energy.
There stands a high
building by the river.
3) 用在以here , there , now , then 等副词开头的句子中, here and there强调地点,用来引起人们的注意,. 除then 开头的句子用过去时以外,其余均用一般现在时.
但是 如果主语是代词就不倒装.
Here is a letter for
you. There comes the bus. Now comes my turn.
Here you are. There
he comes!
4) 用在省略了if 的虚拟条件句中(把 were, had 或should移至主语前)
Were I ( If I were)
in your place, I wouldn't give it up so early.
Had I ( If I had )
know, I might have joined you in the discussion.
Should you (If you
should) be interested, I have a book on the subject you might like to see.
5) 用在一些表示祝愿的句子中
Long live the
friendship among the Asian peoples and sportsmen!
Long live the king!
6) 直接引语的全部或一部分放在句首时,引述动词和他的主语有时倒装
" You have made
great progress this term." Said our teacher.
" Mr
Crossett," said my father. " will you permit an old pupil to shake
hands with you?"
引述动词的主语是代词,或谓语较厂,或引述动词后还带间接宾语时, 一般不用倒装句
" What is your
opinion?" I said.
"My father is
a labour hero." Xiao Wang told me.
" Why did you
join the Red Army? " Chairman Mao asked me like a school teacher
questioning a pupil.
7) 用在以so开头,表示谓语所述情况也适用于另一个人或另一事物的肯定句,表示"也一样" .
也这样". 其句形 为"So + be, have ,情态动词或助动词+ 主语"
He saw it , and so
did I.
They can swim now,
so can we.
注: 如果后面的句子只是重复前一句话的意思而不表示另一个主体,不用倒装句
It was hot
yesterday. So it was.
8) 用在以neither, nor, no more 开头的句子中,表示"
---也不这样" 其句形为"neither, nor no more + be , have ,情态动词或助动词+ 主语"
The first one
wasn't good and neither was the second.
He doesn't care
much for sweets. No more do I .
2. 为了加强语气而使用的倒装
1) 用在以never, hardly, scarcely, not only, nor ,
seldom, little, rarely, nowhere, by no means, not until, hardly (scarcely)---
when, no sooner---than等表示否定意义或半否定意义的副词或其组开头中的句子中.
Never before have I
met him.
Hardly did I think
it possible.
Not only should we
not be afraid of difficulties, but we should try our best to overcome them.
Not until midnight
did it stop raining.
By no means will
this method be satisfactory.
No sooner had they
got to the plant than they started to work.
2) 用在做频度状语often, always, once, many a time, now and
again, every other day, every two hours 等, 方式状语thus 及程度状语so等; 地点状语in the
distance, in front of 等的几种副词或介词短语开头的句子中,常用倒装.
Often had I
intended to speak of it.
Many a time has he
helped me with my experiment.
So busy is he that
he had no time to spare.
如果不是特别强调可以不倒装
3) 为了使句子更为生动,流畅,可把in, out , down, up, back, over, away, off之类的用做状语的副词放在
句首, 采用完全倒装.句中的谓语动词多为行为动词,不及物.
In came the teacher
and the lesson began.
Off went the
horses.
Down came the
hammer and out flew the sparks.
主语是人称代词时,一般只将副词放在句首,主语和谓语位置不变.
In he came and the
lesson began.
4) 在副词only和它所修饰的状语一起放在句首时,用倒装语序.句形为
"Only +状语+部分倒装"
Only when the war
was over in 1918 was he able to get happily back to work.
Only in this way
can we learn maths well.
不放在句首不倒装, 不是状语是主语不倒装.
Only the teachers
are allowed to use this room.
The aim was
achieved only after a bitter struggle.
5) 用在强调表语的句子中
表语提前,不是为了强调,而是使句子平衡,避免头重脚轻.
Such was Albert
Einstein, a simple man of great achievements.
Great has been our
achievements since liberation.
如果主语是代词,而代词又无较长的修饰语修饰时,则仅把表语提前,系动词不提到主语前.
Terribly hot it
certainly was.
A very reliable
person he is .
6) 用在某些让步状语从句中
在正式的文体中,从属连词as 用于特殊词序可以表示although这种结构表示强烈的对照.
Tired as he was, he
went on working.
Cold as it was, we
went out.
Child as she is ,
she knows a great deal.
二、练习与检测
1. I am going to
the meeting, and___.
A. so does Dave B. so is Dave C. so goes Dave D. Dave is so
2. ____ got on the
train when it started to move.
A. Scarcely I had B. Scarcely had I
C. No sooner I had D. No sooner had I
3. He has finished
his work. ____.
A. I have finished
so B. So finished I C. So can I D. So have I
4. Not only ____
about the food, he also refused to pay for it.
A. the customer
complained B. when the customer complained
C. did the customer
complain D. the customer did complain
5. All animals need
air. ___.
A. So plants do B. So need plants C. So do plants D. Plants are so
6. If Bob's wife
doesn't agree to sign the papers, ___.
A. neither he will B. neither won't he
C. neither will he D. he won't neither
7. Barry never eats
potatoes and___.
A. so doesn't Molly
B. so Molly doesn't
C. neither does
Molly D. neither Molly
does
8. Anne didn't like
our new roommate, and___.
A. I don't too B. neither did I C. neither I did D. I didn't also
9. Only if he helps
us ____.
A. we may succeed B. we succeeded
C. can we succeed D. we can succeed
10. He can hardly
drive a car, ___.
A. so can't I B. can't either C. I can't too D. neither can I
11. Mrs. Jones does
not like shopping, ___.
A. and she does
like gardening B. nor she does
like gardening
C. or does she like
gardening D. nor does she
like gardening
12. ____ from the
tenth floor when the policeman pointed his pistol at him.
A. Jumped down the
burglar B. Down the burglar
jumped
C. The burglar
jumped down D. Down jumped the
burglar
13. ___than they
started to work.
A. No sooner they
had got to the plant
B. No sooner had
they got to the plant
C. As soon as they
had got to the plant
D. When they had
got to the plant
14. No sooner had
the bell rung___.
A. when the class
began B. while the class
was beginning
C. then the class
was going to being D. than
the class began
15. We were lucky,
for no sooner ___ home ___ it rained.
A. we turned...and B. did we return...when
C. after we
returned...and D. had we
returned...than
16. ____ that even
people in the next room could hear him.
A. So loudly did he
speak B. Such
loudly did he speak
C. So loudly he
spoke D. Such loudly he
spoke
17. Hardly ___ the
people ran toward it.
A. had the plane
landed when B. had the plane
landed than
C. the plane had
landed when D. the plane was
landing than
18. Not until Mr.
Smith came to China ___ what kind of a country she is.
A. did he know B. he knew C. he didn't know D. he
could know
19. Tom couldn't go
to school, ___find a job.
A. either he could B. either could he
C. neither he could
D. neither could he
20. ____, I would
give it up early.
A. Was I in your
place B. I was in your
place
C. Were I in your
place D. I were in your
place
三、练习与检测答案
1-5 BBDCC 6-10 CCBCD 11-15 DDBDD 16-20 AAADC