高三英文109句型精简版
| 1. | 直接问句： 疑问词 + 助V + S ...？ ß问句动词要移到主词前 间接问句：S + V + 疑问词 + S + (助V) + V... ß「间接问句」不是问句 |
* 他什么时候要走？ 我不知道他什么时候要走。
When will he go? I don’t know when he will go.
|
| 直接问句： 助V + S + ...？ ß也就是要用Yes或No回答的问句 | ||
| 间接问句：S + V + | whether | + S + (助V) + V... | |
| if | |||
2.*你能不能来呢？ 你能不能来没关系。
Can you come (or not)? It makes no difference whether you can come (or not).
| 3. | Do + S + V + [ 疑问字 + S + V ] ? ß询问重点为”Do + S + V” 疑问字+ do + S + V + [ |
* A: Did you tell me who she was? B: Yes, I did.
A: 你有没有告诉过我她是谁？ B: 有啊，我告诉过你了。
* A: Who did you tell me she was? B: She is my sister.
A: 你告诉过我她是谁来着？ B:她是我妹妹。
|
| 你认为...如何？ ...如何？ ...好不好？ (建议去做某事) How about + O ? What about + O ? What do you say to + O ? O 要用名词或Ving. What do you think of + O ? Let’s + V , shall we? |
4. * 去散散步好不好？
How about (taking) a walk? = What about (taking) a walk?
= What do you say to (taking) a walk? = What do you think of (taking) a walk?
= Let’s take a walk , shall we?
| 5. | 一...就...；如果...就... [ 命令句 ] and [ S + V]. = If [ S + V ] , [ S + V]. |
* 一动你就没命。
Stir and you will be a dead man. = If you stir , you will be a dead man.
| 6. | ...否则...；如果不...就... [ 命令句 ] or [ S + V]. = If [ S ... not + V ] , [ S + V]. = Unless [ S + V ] , [ S + V]. |
* 穿上外衣，否则你会着凉的。
Put on a coat, or you’ll take cold.
= If you don’t put on a coat, you’ll catch cold.
= Unless you put on a coat, you’ll get a cold.
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| 多么...啊！ (感叹句) | |||
| How + | 形 | + ( a + n.) | ||
| 副 | ( S + V ). ß感叹句不是问句 | |||
| What + (a) + (形) + n. | ||||
7.* 多么美的夜色啊！ * 这些男孩好丑啊！
How beautiful a night (it is)! How ugly the boys are!
= What a beautiful night (this is)! = What ugly boys (they are)!
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| 与现在事实相反的假设 | ||||
| If S + | were | ... , S + | would, could | + V | |
| 过去式V | might, should | ||||
* 要是我现在有翅膀，我要飞到美国。
If I had wings, I would fly to you.
|
| 与过去事实相反的假设 | ||
| If S + had + pp ... , S + | would, could | + have + pp. | |
| might, should | |||
9.* 要是那时这鞋子我合穿的话，我就买了。
If these shoes had fitted me, I would have bought them.
|
| 与未来事实相反的假设 | ||
| If S + were to + V ... , S + | would, could | + V. | |
| might, should | |||
10.* 即使明天太阳从西边升上来，我也不会做这样的事。
Even if the sun were to rise in the west tomorrow, I would not do such a thing.
|
| 未来表「万一」 | ||
| If S + should + V ... , S + | would, should ... | + V. | |
| will, shall ... | |||
*万一这次失败了，我会再试一次。
If I should fail this time, I will(would) try again.
|
| 不确定的未来 | ||
| If S + V现在式 ... , S + | shall, will | + V | |
| can , may | |||
12.*如果明天天气好，我们就去野餐。
If it is fine tomorrow, we will go on a picnic.
|
| 不能实现的愿望 + S + 过去式V ß现在不可能的希望 I wish + S + had + pp ß过去已不可能的希望 Would that should If only + S + would + V ß未来不可能的希望 could |
13.* 我要是一只鸟该多好。
I wish I were a bird.
我真希望你那时告诉我真相就好了。
If only you had told me the truth.
但愿明天我能跟你一起去就好了。
Would that I could go with you tomorrow.
* I hope you can help me. 我希望你能帮我。 ç可能实现
I wish you could help me. 要是你能帮我就好了。 ç不可能实现
| 14. | 「祝福.....」的用法 I wish + [ S + may + V ] May + S + V I wish + 人 + 事物 (I wish) + 事物 + to + 人 |
* 祝你成功。
I wish you may succeed. = May you succeed. = I wish you success. = (I wish) success to you.
|
| 假设法if的省略 were Were If S + had + ... ＝ Had + S + ... should Should |
15.* 我们不会失败的，要是失败，后果将如何呢？
Were we to fail, what would happen? (= If we were to fail, ...)
要不是我早知道她的名字，当时我就糗了。
Had I not known her name, I would have been embarrassed. (If I had not known ...)
万一下雨，我们就不去了。
Should it rain, we would not go. (If it should rain, ...)
| 16. | 要不是...，... But for + O Without + O , S + V假设法. If S + not + V假设法 |
* 要不是有太阳，我们根本就无法生存。
But for the sun, we couldn’t live at all.
= Without the sun, we couldn’t live at all.
= If it were not for the sun, we couldn’t live at all.
= Were it not for the sun, we couldn’t live at all.
|
| 该是...的时候了。 | ||||
| It | is | (high) time + [ S + | 过去式V | ] | |
| was | should + V | ||||
* 该是我们上床睡觉的时候了。 ß事实上还没睡
It is (high) time we went to bed.
= It is time we should go to bed. = It is time for us to go to bed.
|
| ...好像是...(其实不是) | ||
| S + V | as if | S + V假设法 | |
| as though | |||
* 你看起来好像死了。
You look as if you were dead.
| 19. | n. |
| 命令、建议、要求、坚持 的 adj. + that [ S + (should) + 原形V] | |
| v. |
* 她父亲坚持她要跟那人结婚。
Her father insisted that she (should) marry that man.
*此类V.如：suggest, order, demand, command, insist, propose, ...
*其实只要有「命令」、「建议」、「要求」、「坚持」意味的字，不论是名词、动词、形容词，其所接子句中的动词都该用原形、或 ”should + 原形V”。
It is necessary that he take the exam. 他必须参加考试不可。
| 20. | cannot ….. too… 越…越好；再…也不为过 |
* 交友要越小心越好。 We cannot be too careful in choosing friends.
= You can never be over careful in choosing friends.
= One can hardly be careful enough in choosing friends.
|
| all all both …… not … = not both …… 不都…(部分否定) every every |
21.* 人不都诚实。 比较：* 人都不诚实。
All men are not honest. No man is honest.
= Not all men are honest. = All men are dishonest.
|
| that ….not + V 否定字 +… but …..+ V 没有…不… without + O. |
22.* 没有人不爱自己的孩子。
There is no one but loves his own child.
= There is no one that does not love his own child.
= There is no one without loving his own child. = Everyone loves his own child.
|
| to + V not + Ving 不 (不定词、分词、动名词的否定都是在前面加not) pp. |
* 他试着不再想她。 * 没办法帮他忙，我就离开了。
He tried not to think of her. Not being able to help him, I just left.
|
| No + | n. | 禁止…；反对…；不准… |
| Ving |
* 非公莫入。 *禁止停车。
No admittance except on business. No parking.
| 25. | There is no + Ving | 不可能…；没有人能… |
| = It is impossible to + V |
* 简直不知道会发生什么事。
There is no telling what may happen.
= There is no way of telling what may happen.
= It is impossible to tell what may happen. = No one can tell what may happen.
| 26. | not only A but (also) B | 不但A而且B ßB才是重点，所以动词与B一致 |
| = B as well as A |
* 不但怪你，也怪你的朋友。 Not only you but also your friend is to blame.
= Your friend as well as you is to blame.
| 27. | not A but B | 不是A而是B |
| = B not A |
* 我感兴趣的不是化学，而是物理。
What I am interested in is not chemistry, but physics.
= What I am interested in is physics, not chemistry.
|
| 人 + be above + | Ving | 耻于…；不屑… |
| n. |
* 她不屑发问。 She is above asking questions.
| 29. | the last + n. 最不可能的…；再怎么说也不会的… |
*他是最不可能出卖你的人。(他再怎么说也不会出卖你)
He will be the last person to betray you.
| 30. | fail to + V | 未能… | never fail to + V | 一定…；务必… |
| = be unable to + V | = V + without fail |
* 他未能实时到达。 *我一定会守信。
He failed to arrive in time. I never fail to keep my word.
= He was unable to arrive in time. = I keep my word without fail.
| 31. | 一点也不……；绝不… … not …at all = … in no way = … by no means = … not in the least = far from …= anything but … |
* 那男孩一点也不用功。 The boy is not diligent at all.
= The boy is far from diligent.
|
| 很多…. | |||
| Much | + 不可数名词 | many | + 可数名词 | |
| not a little | Not a few | |||
| no little | no few | |||
| quite a little | quite a few | |||
| a great deal of | a great number of | |||
* 他有很多钱，但我有很多书。
He has much money, but I have many books.
= He has not a little money, but I have not a few books.
= He has no little money, but I have no few books.
= He has quite a little money, but I have quite a few books.
= He has a great deal of money, but I have a great number of books.
| 33. | It goes without saying that ….. | 不用说都知道…. |
| Needless to say, …… |
* 不用说都知道诚实是最上策。
It goes without saying that honesty is the best policy.
= Needless to say, honesty is the best policy.
|
| 否定字词放句首的倒装句。应按问句形式，倒装助动词。 | ||
| Never, No, Seldom, Little, Not, Nothing… | + |
be + S …. | |
| Hardly, Rarely, Scarcely, … | |||
| By no means, Under no circumstances, … | |||
34.
助V + S + V …..* 我将永远忘不了那一段美好的求学时代。
I shall never forget the beautiful school days.
= Never shall I forget the beautiful school days.
他很少迟到。 我绝不会原谅他。
He is hardly late. I will forgive him by no means.
= Hardly is he late. = By no means will I forgive him.
| 35. |
| |
| Only ….. + | 助V + S + V ….. | |
| be + S …. | ||
Only词组放句首的倒装句* 我们只有靠着努力工作才能成功。
We can succeed only by working hard.
= Only by working hard can we succeed.
| 36. | 地方副词放句首的倒装句 | ||
| 地方副词 + |
| çV需为不及物动词 | |
| S(代名词) + V |
| ||
V + S(名词) * 乞丐在大门口等。 * 她坐在柜台后面。
The beggar waited at the gate. She sat behind the counter.
= At the gate waited the beggar. = Behind the counter she sat.
| 36. | 主词补词放句首的倒装句 |
| 主词补词 + V + S çV需为不及物动词(所以后面才有主词补语) |
* 我的生活很空虚。 My life is empty.= Empty is my life.
|
| So(也) 的倒装句 | ||||||
| So + | 助V | + S | …也是。 | So + S + | 助V | …的确…。 | |
| Be | Be | ||||||
| = S + | 助V | , too | = Yes, S + | 助V | |||
| Be | Be | ||||||
* 你年轻，我也是。 *A：听说你做得很好。 B：的确是。
You are young, and so am I. A: I hear you did a good job. B: So we did.
= You are young, and I am, too. = A: I hear you did a good job. B: Yes, we did.
* 否定「也不」倒装要用neither。
如：You are not young, and I am not, either
= You are not young, and neither am I. ß用neither后面不要再有not
|
| as(像), than(比) 的倒装句 | ||||||
| …… as | 助V | + S | …… than | 助V | + S | ||
| be | be | ||||||
| = …… as + S | 助V | = …… than + S | 助V | ||||
| Be | be | ||||||
* 他买的衣服和他太太的一样多。
He has bought as many clothes as has his wife.
= He has bought as many clothes as his wife (has).
我们的教务主任比校长能干。
Our director of studies is more capable than is our principal.
= Our director of studies is more capable than our principal is.
= Our director of studies is more capable than our principal.
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| such(如此的), so(如此地) 的倒装句 如此…以致于…… | |||
| S is such + | that子句 | S is so adj. + | that子句 | |
| as to V | as to V | |||
| = Such is S + | that子句 | = So adj. is S + | that子句 | |
| as to V | as to V | |||
* 我的英文进步很大所以父母很高兴。
My progress in English was such that it pleased my parents.
= My progress in English was such as to please my parents.
= Such was my progress in English that it pleased my parents.
= Such was my progress in English as to please my parents.
= My progress in English was so great that it pleased my parents.
= My progress in English was so great as to it please my parents.
= So great was my progress in English that it pleased my parents.
= So great was my progress in English as to please my parents.
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| “It”做「虚主词」 (for 人) to V It + V …..+ that子句 wh子句 |
40.* 整天待在家对健康不好。
It is bad for health to keep indoors all day.
= It is bad for health that one keeps indoors all day.
|
| “It”做「虚受词」 (for 人) to V S + Vt + it + 受词补语 + V …..+ that子句 wh子句 |
41.* 我认为整天待在家对健康不好。
I think it bad for health to keep indoors all day.
= I think it bad for health that one keeps indoors all day.
= I
think (that) it is bad for health to keep indoors all day.
= I think (that) it is bad for health that one keeps indoors all day.
|
| …据说…；…听说… | |
| People(They) say | that S +V | |
| = I(We) hear | ||
| = I’m(We’re) told | ||
| = It is said | ||
| = S + is said + to V | ||
42.* 据说他从前很有钱。
People say that she was rich.
= It is said that she was rich.
= She is said to have been rich.
| 43. | S1 + V 连接词 S1+ V = ……..先行词 + (关系代名词) ….. ç用关代连接两句有一相同名词的句子 |
* 我有一个做老师的叔叔。 * 我有一个我从未见过的叔叔。
I have an uncle, and he is a teacher. I have an uncle, and I have never seen him.
= I have an uncle who is a teacher. = I have an uncle (whom) I have never seen.
* 我有一个全家都在美国的叔叔。
I have an uncle, and his family are all in America
= I have an uncle whose family are all in America.
|
| 凡是…的人(们)……..。 | |||
| Those (people) who子句 | + 复数V | He who子句 | + 单数V | |
| They who子句 | One who子句 | |||
| People who子句 | Anyone who子句 | |||
| Such (people) as子句 | Whoever子句 | |||
* 凡是有钱的人都不会缺乏朋友。
Those who have money do not want for friends.
=Such as have money do not want for friends.
=He who has money does not want for friends.
=Whoever has money does not want for friends.
|
| as 或 which当关代，代替前面的词组或整个句子。 | |
| …词组 | , as[which] … | |
| …子句 | ||
| As ..., …………. ças子句还可移到句首，which子句不行 | ||
* 他是外国人，这是我从他的口音知道的。
He was a foreigner, as I knew from his accent.
= He was a foreigner, which I knew from his accent.
= As I knew from his accent, he was a foreigner,
(= He was a foreigner, and I knew it from his accent.)
|
| 准关系代名词but, as, than 1. 否定字 … + but 不完整子句 没有…不… ß but有否定的意思 2. such the same …+ as 不完整子句 …像…. as 3. 比较级…+ than 不完整子句 …比… |
46.* 我们班没有人不希望进大学。
In our class there is no one that does not hope to go to college.
= In our class there is no one but hopes to go to college.
让孩子们读点使他们更好、更聪明的书。
Let children read those books which will make them better and wise.
= Let children read such books as will make them better and wise.
结果产品供过于求。
As a result, there are more products than are required.
|
| …像…一样 | …不像…一样 | ||||
| as | adj. | as S + V | not as[so] | adj. | as S + V | |
| adv. | adv. | |||||
* 今天不像昨天一样热。
It is not as hot today as it was yesterday. ß否定句中，第一个as可用so代
= It is not so hot today as it was yesterday.
(=It is not so[as] hot today as yesterday.)
|
| …是最…. | ||
| S + …比较级…+ than any other …. | |||
| No | so … as 比较级…than | ||
|
|
| ||
| can’t | |||
= never … + 
+ S* 生命是一切东西中最宝贵的
Life is more precious than any other thing.(= Life is the most precious of all.)
= Nothing is so precious as life.
= No other thing is more precious than life.
| 49. | The 比较级 …, the 比较级….. 越…就越… |
* 他等得越久就越生气。
The longer he waited, the angrier he became.
我们遭遇的挫折越多，我们的国家就越强大。
The more frustrations we encounter, the stronger our country becomes.
| 50. | As …, so …. 正如…，…也一样。 |
*怎样播种，就会怎样收成。(正如你播种，你也一样地收成)
As you sow, so you shall reap.
= As you sow, so shall you reap.
(= You must reap what you have sown.)
| 51. | A之于B犹如C之于D。 | ||
|
| A is to B | as | C is to D |
| what | |||
* 阅读之于心灵，犹如食物之于身体。
Reading is to the mind as food is to the body.
= Reading is to the mind what food is to the body.
(= As food is to the body so is reading to the mind.)
| 52. | … no more … than … 和…一样不…(两者皆非…) … no less … than … 和…一样…(两者皆一样…) |
* 她跟你一样不用功。 * 你跟你母亲一样漂亮。
She is no more diligent than you. You are no less beautiful than your mother.
= She is not diligent, nor are
you.
= You are as beautiful as your mother.
= Neither she nor you are diligent. = Both you and your mother are beautiful.
| 53. | 宁愿...也不愿... | |||
|
| would rather had sooner | + V + than + V | ||
| = prefer + | n. | to | n. | |
| Ving | Ving | |||
| = prefer + to V + rather than + V | ||||
* 我宁愿站也不愿坐。
I would rather stand than sit.
= I would sooner stand than sit
= I had sooner stand than sit.
= I had rather stand than sit
= I prefer standing to sitting.
= I prefer to stand rather than sit.
| 54. | not so much A as B 与其说是A不如说是B |
* 人生的成功与其说是在于天才，不如说是在于勤奋。
Success in life depends not so much on talent as on diligence.
| 55. | (是...的) 几倍... as + adj. ( + as B ) ß看动词决定用adj.或adv. A + V + 倍数 + adj.比较级 ( + than B ) the 名词 ( + of B ) |
* 这条河是那条河的两倍长。
This river is twice as long as that.
= This river is twice longer than that.
= This river is twice the length of that.
| 56. | know better + than to V 不会那么傻到去做... |
* 我不会蠢到去做那样的事。
I know better than to do such a thing. (= I am not so foolish as to do such a thing.)
| 57. | (Al)though S + V , S + V. 虽然...但是... |
* 虽然他穷，但是很快乐。
Although(Though) he is poor, (yet) he is very happy.
= Although poor, he is very happy. ß有although就不要有but
= He is poor, but he is very happy. ß有but就不要有although
|
| 虽然...；尽管... Although + S + V , ～～. | ||
| For all With all ＝ In spite of Despite Notwithstanding | + | n. Ving. ， . | |
58.* 尽管她有钱，但是并不快乐。
Although she is wealthy, she is unhappy.
= In spite of her wealth, she is unhappy.
|
| 形容词 副词 + as[though] S + V , ........... 虽然...；尽管... 分词 动词原形 |
59.* 她虽是女流之辈，却很有信心。
Although she is a woman, she has much confidence.
= Woman as she is, she has much confidence. ß冠词要去掉
看来难以置信，但却是真的。
Although it seems impossible, it is true.
= Impossible though it seems, it is true.
即使他去试，他也不可能成功。
Although he may try, he can not succeed.
= Try as he may, he can not succeed. ß甚至连动词也可以移前
|
| Wh-ever ......, S + V. | 无论...(何时、何地、谁、什么...)， 。 |
| =No matter wh- ......, S + V. |
60.* 无论什么时候去看他，都会发现他埋首书桌。
Whenever[=No matter when] we call on him, we will find him at his desk.
不管做什么，都要把它做好。
Whatever[=No matter what] you may do, do it well.
不管你是谁的儿子，我一视同仁。
Whosever[=No matter whose] son you are, I can’t make an exception of you.
| 61. | Whether ... A or B , ........ 无论是A还是B，.......... |
* 无论晴雨，我都会在那里。
Whether it may rain or shine, I will be there.
无论他来不来，结果都会是一样。
Whether he comes or not, the result will be the same.
|
| 「虽然......；无论」还有以下两种特殊句型 | |
| Although + S + V ... , ...... à 原形V + S ... , ........ | Wh-ever + S + V ..., .......... à 原形V + wh-ever + S ... , ........ | |
62.* 虽然家很简陋，但还是没有地方比家好。
Although it is ever so humble, there is no place like home.
= Be it ever so humble, there is no place like home.
不管你怎么说，我都不相信。
Whatever you may say, I don’t believe it.
= Say what(ever) you may, I don’t believe it.
| 63. | 直到...才... S ... not V + until ..... = Not until ...... + 助V + S + V ß倒装句 = It is not until ...... + that + S + V |
* 直到十一点，我才睡着。
I didn’t fall asleep until (it was) eleven.
= Not until (it was) eleven did I fall asleep.
= It was not until (it was) eleven that I fell asleep.
| 64. | 一......就...... As soon as S + V , S + V = The moment S + V , S + V 此处moment亦可用minute, instant代替 = Once S + V , S + V 此处once亦可用directly, immediately, instantly代替 = On + Ving, S + V ß前后主词相同时 = At + n. , S + V ß前后主词相同时 |
* 一听到这消息，他就高兴得发了狂。
As soon as he heard the news, he was beside himself with joy.
= The moment he heard the news, he was beside himself with joy.
= The instant he heard the news, he was beside himself with joy.
= Once he heard the news, he was beside himself with joy.
= Directly he heard the news, he was beside himself with joy.
= On hearing the news, he was beside himself with joy.
= At the news, he was beside himself with joy.
|
| 一......就...... ß此句型只用在过去式中 As soon as S + V , S + V | ||||
| = S + had | hardly | pp | when | S + V | |
| scarcely | before | ||||
| = S + had no sooner pp than S + V ß比较级sooner后面连接词用than = No sooner + had + S + pp than S + V ß倒装句 | |||||
65.* 阵雨一过，天空就出现美丽的彩虹了。
As soon as the shower passed, a beautiful rainbow appeared in the sky.
= The shower had hardly passed before a beautiful rainbow appeared in the sky.
= The shower had no sooner passed than a beautiful rainbow appeared in the sky.
= No sooner had the shower passed than a beautiful rainbow appeared in the sky.
| 66. | 自从.....已有(一段时间) | ||
|
| is | 一段时间 since S + Ved. |
| has been | ||
| = 一段时间 have passed since S + Ved. | ||
It * 我毕业已经有三年了。
It is[has been] three years since I graduated from school.
= Three years have passed since I graduated from school.
|
| ......目的是为了...... so that S + V in order that S may V ß表目的的「连接词」 that so as to = S + V in order to + V ß表目的的「不定词」 to
= S + V for the sake of + n.[Ving] ß表目的的「介系词」 with the aim of |
with a view to* 我们努力用功目的是为了要有所成就。
We study hard so that we may succeed.
= We study hard that we may succeed.
= We study hard so as to succeed.
= We study hard to succeed.
= We study hard for the sake of success.
| 68. | ......目的是为了不要......；以免......；唯恐...... lest S + V for fear that S (should) + 原型V in case that = S + V for fear of + Ving. |
* 不要常去那儿，以免招来闲话。
Don’t go there often lest you (should) get yourself talked about.
= Don’t go there often for fear that you (should) get yourself talked about.
= Don’t go there often for fear of getting yourself talked about.
(= Don’t go there often in order not to get yourself talked about.)
|
| 如此......以至于...... | ||||
| so + | adj | + ( a + n. ) | + | that 子句 as to V | |
| adv. | |||||
| such + ( a ) + ( adj ) + n. | |||||
* 他很诚实所以大家都相信他。
He is so honest a man that he is trusted by all.
= He is so honest a man as to be trusted by all.
= He is so honest that he is trusted by all.
= He is so honest as to be trusted by all.
= He is such an honest man that he is trusted by all.
= He is such an honest man as to be trusted by all.
| 70. | 一则因为A，再则因为B，...... What with A and (what with) B |
* 一方面因为饿，在方面因为累，他因而倒在路上。
What with hunger and (what with) fatigue, he fell down on the road.
| 71. | 当「介系词」的to： 以下的to都是介系词 (后面要接n.或Ving) 反对： object to + Ving = be opposed to + Ving 习惯于：be used to + Ving = be accustomed to + Ving 考虑：give thought to + Ving 喜欢：take to + Ving 盼望；期待：look forward to + Ving 专心；致力于：be devoted to + Ving = devote oneself to + Ving = be dedicated to + Ving = dedicate oneself to + Ving = apply oneself to + Ving 要不要...？：What do you say to + Ving ? ....目的为了：.... with a view to + Ving 因为：owing to + Ving = due to + Ving |
|
| used to + V 过去经常........ = would + V | ||||
| be used to + | n. | 习惯于......... | |||
| Ving | |||||
| = be accustomed to + | n. | ||||
| Ving | |||||
| be used to + V 被用来.......... = be used for + Ving | |||||
* 他过去经常熬夜。
He used to sit up late.
= He would sit up late.
* 他已习惯于过这种生活。
He is used to living such a life.
= He is used to such a life.
= He is accustomed to living such a life.
= He is accustomed to such a life.
* 碎石常用来筑路。
Gravel is much used to make roads.
= Gravel is much used for making roads.
|
| 以下为后面常接Ving当受词的动词： 喜爱：enjoy + Ving 练习：practice + Ving 完成：finish + Ving 介意：mind + Ving 放弃：give up + Ving 保持：keep + Ving 国中程度 期待：anticipate + Ving ( = expect + to V) 避免：avoid + Ving 建议：suggest + Ving 冒险：risk + Ving 忍住；抵抗：resist + Ving 承认：admit + Ving 真想不到：Fancy + Ving = Imagine + Ving 逃避：escape + Ving 忍受：stand + Ving 原谅：excuse + Ving 否认：deny + Ving 考虑：consider + Ving 记得：recall + Ving 延搁：delay + Ving 错过：miss + Ving 感激：appreciate + Ving 想要：feel like + Ving |
| 74. | Need, want, deserve后面接Ving表示被动 | ||
| 需要被.... S + need + Ving = S + need + to be pp. = S + need + n. | 需要被.... S + want + Ving = S + want + to be pp. = S + want + n. | 值得被.... S + deserve + Ving = S + deserve + to be pp. = S + deserve + n. | |
* 我们的学校需要改善。
Our school needs improving.
= Our school needs to be improved.
= Our school needs improvement.
|
| 值得...... | ||
| S + be + worth | Ving | ||
| n. | |||
| = S + be + worthy | of being pp. | ||
| to be pp. | |||
| = It is worth while | Ving | ||
| to V | |||
| = It pays + to V | |||
* 这本书值得买。
This book is worth buying.
= This book is worthy of being bought.
= This book is worthy to be bought.
= It is worth while to buy this book.
= It pays to read this book.
* worth和busy是罕见的两个后面要加Ving的形容词。如：He is busy reading.
|
| difficulty trouble have fun + (in) + Ving pleasure a good(hard) time |
76.* 我好不容易才找到你的家。
I had a hard time (in) finding your home.
| 77. | go Ving 去从事某活动 do the Ving 做某件工作 |
* 我们去游泳吧。
Let’s go swimming. (= Let’s go for a swim.)
* 我自己做饭。
I do the cooking myself. (= I cook myself.)
|
| 以下为后面常接to V当受词的动词： 要：want + to V 需要：need + to V 希望：hope + to V 但愿：wish + to V 帮忙：help + to V 学习：learn + to V 国中程度 决定 decide + to V 想要：would like + to V 害怕：fear + to V 提议：offer + to V 同意：agree + to V 意欲：mean + to V 拒绝：refuse + to V 设法：menage + to V 假装：pretend + to V 承诺：promise + to V 下决心：determine + to V 尝试：attempt + to V 努力：endeavor + to V 期待：expect + to V |
78.| 79. | 以下为后面接to V或Ving当受词皆可的动词：
喜欢：like + to V, like + Ving, 喜爱：love + to V, love + Ving, 国中程度 讨厌：hate + to V, hate + Ving, 计划：plan + to V, plan + Ving, 比较喜欢：prefer + to V, prefer + Ving, 害怕：dread + to V, dread + Ving, 打算：intend + to V, intend + Ving 停止：cease + to V, cease + Ving, |
开始：begin + to V, begin + Ving 开始：start + to V, start + Ving , | 80. | 以下为后面接to V或Ving当受词意义不同的动词： | |
| stop + to V 停止(做...) stop + Ving 停下来，去做... | remember + to V 记得要去做.... remember + Ving 记得曾做过.... | |
| forget + to V 忘记要去做.... forget + Ving 忘记曾做过.... | try + to V (努力)试着去做好.... try + Ving 做......试看看有没有效 | |
| go on + to V 接着去做(不同的事) go on + Ving 继续做(同一件事) | regret + to V 抱歉将要去....... regret + Ving 后悔曾...... | |
| 人 mean + to V 某人打算...... 事物 mean + Ving 某物的意义是.... | 人 need + to V 某人需要去..... 物need + Ving 某物需要被...... | |
|
| ......没有用；......有什么用呢？ | |
| It is (of) no use + | to V | |
| Ving | ||
| = It is no good + Ving | ||
81.* 说也没用。
It is (of) no use talking. = It is (of) no use to talk.
= It is no good talking. = It is useless to talk.
= There is no point in talking. = What is the use of talking?
| 82. | 突然.....起来 burst out + Ving = burst into + n. |
* 她突然哭了起来。 * 她突然笑了起来。
She burst out crying. She burst out laughing.
= She burst into tears. = She burst into laughter.
|
| 动词做句子的主词 ß动词要改成To V或Ving | |
| To V ...... | + V(单数) ........ | |
| Ving ...... | ||
83.* 早睡早起有益健康。
To keep early hours is good for health.
= Keeping early hours is good for health.
|
| too | adj. adv. | to V | 太.....而不...... | adj. | enough ......(to V) 够......所以会...... |
| for + O. | adv. |
84.* 他太年轻无法承担这工作。
He is too young to do the task.
= He is too young for the task. (= He is so young that he can not do the task.)
* 他很聪明所以会知道那件事。
He is wise enough to know that.
| 85. | to V的动作发生的时间 |
| S + V ...... + to V. ß两个动作同时发生 | |
| S + V ...... + to have pp. ß不定词动作发生在先 |
* 他似乎现在很有钱。
He seems to be rich. (= It seems that he is rich.)
* 他似乎过去很有钱。
He seems to have been rich. (= It seems that he was rich.)
|
| 更不要说.....；何况...... | |
| S + V ......, | to say nothing of ...... not to mention ...... | |
| not to speak of ...... let alone ........ | ||
86.* 他连英语都会讲，更不要说中文了。
He can speak English, to say nothing of Mandarin.
= He can speak English, not to mention Mandarin.
= He can speak English, not to speak of Mandarin.
= He can speak English, let alone Mandarin.
| 87. | do nothing but + 原形V 只.........(动作) ß but可换成except |
* 他只是笑。
He does nothing but eat. (= He does not do anything but eat.)
＊假如前面的动词不是do，nothing but要看成等于only，由该动词决定后面形式。
如：He enjoys nothing but eating. 他只喜欢吃。 Enjoy + Ving
|
| 不得不......；忍不住...... can’t help + Ving but = can’t help but + V choose but = have no choice but + to V = have no alternative but + to V |
88.* 我不得不做。
I can’t help doing it.
= I can’t help but do it. = I can’t but do it.
= I have no choice but to do it.
|
| 即将......；正要...... be going to + V = be about to + V | |
| = be on the point of | Ving | |
| n. ß point可换成verge, edge, brink ,eve | ||
* 人之将死，其言也善。
When a man is going to die, his words are good.
= When a man is about to breathe his last, his words are nice.
= When a man is on the point of death, his words are gracious.
| 90. | 你只要......就可以了。 All you have to do is + (to) V ßall后面可以有关代that = What you have to do is + (to) V ßwhat后面不可以再有that = The only thing you have to do is + (to) V = You have only to V. |
* 你只要尽力而为就行了。
All you have to do is (to) do your best.
= What you have to do is (to) do your best.
= The only thing you have to do is (to) do your best. = You have only to do your best.
| 91. | 当形容词用的现在分词Ving有主动、正在、令人…...的意思。 当形容词用的过去分词 pp. 有被动、已经、感到……的意思。 |
* 我不会照顾正在哭的婴儿。 I can’t take care of a crying baby. ß 主动正在哭的
我父亲是一位退休的将军。 My father is a retired general. ß 已经退休的
这是一项令人振奋的消息。 This is a piece of exciting news. ß 令人振奋的
激动的暴民纵火烧大楼。 The excited mob set fire to the building. ß 感到激动的
口语英文比较难。 Spoken English is more difficult ß被说的
| 92. | 1. n. + 形容词子句 可改成 n. + Ving词组 ß子句中动词为主动时 2. n. + 形容词子句 可改成 n. + pp.词组 ß子句中动词为被动时 |
* 那本属于他的书不见了。 * 藏在书里的邮票不见了。
The book which belongs to him is lost. The stamp which is hidden in the book is gone.
= The book belonging to him is lost. = The stamp hidden in the book is gone.
| 93. | S + 来往站坐V + 分词 ß 分词当主词补语用 |
* 他跑着来。 他们锻羽而归。
He came running. They returned defeated.
＊来往动词包含「来」「去」「出发」「回来」等
站坐动词包含「站」「坐」「躺」「存在」「停留」「休息」等
| 94. |
S + | 感官V 使役V | + O. + | 原形V ß 一般主动 Ving ß 强调正在进行的主动 pp. ß 被动 |
* 我看见他走进了医院。 * 他走进医院的时候被我看到。
I saw him enter the hospital. I saw him entering the hospital.
* 我看见他被送进了医院。 我把我的作文拿去给老师改。
I saw him sent to hospital. I had my composition corrected by our teacher.
* 我叫他去做。 I have him do it. = I make him do it.
= I get him to do it. ßget人+ to V是超级大例外
|
| find leave + O. + keep | Ving ß主动 pp. ß被动 |
95.* 他发现狗被杀了。 He found his dog killed.
很抱歉让你久等了。 I’m sorry I have kept you waiting so long.
| 96. | 分词构句： 副词子句， S + V. = 分词构句， S + V. ß主动用Ving, 被动用pp. |
* 看到电动玩具时，他高兴得叫了起来。
When he saw the video machine, he exclaimed with joy.
= (When) Seeing the video machine, he exclaimed with joy. ß意思清楚时，连接词可省。
* 虽然旅馆客满，我们还是设法弄到一个房间。
Though the hotel was crowded, we managed to find a room.
= The hotel crowded, we managed to find a room. ß两句主词不同时，主词还是留下。
| 97. | 分词构句表「接续动作」的变化句型 S + V and S + V. = S + V， 分词构句， ß主动用Ving, 被动用pp. |
* 她吓呆了，都不知道该怎么办。
She stood amazed, and (she) did not know what to do.
= She stood amazed, not knowing what to do.
| 98. | 分词构句表「附带状况」的变化句型 S1 + V and S2 + V. = S1 + V ， S2 分词构句 ß主动用Ving, 被动用pp. = S1 + V ， with S2 分词构句 ß主动用Ving, 被动用pp. |
* 老师站在黑板前，双臂交叉。
The teacher stood in front of the blackboard, and his arms were folded.
= The teacher stood in front of the blackboard, his arms folded.
= The teacher stood in front of the blackboard, with his arms folded.
= The teacher stood
in front of the blackboard, and (he)
folded his arms.
= The teacher stood in front of the blackboard, folding his arms.
|
| 1. S + may[might] well + V 有理由......；难怪...... 2. S + may[might] as well + V 最好......；不如......较好 |
| 3. S + may as well A as B 与其B不如A S + might as well A as B 做B等于做A |
* 难怪你这么说。
You may well say so. = You might well say so.
(= You have good reasons to say so. = No wonder you say so.)
* 你最好不要鬼混了。
You may as well not fool around. = You might as well not fool around.
(= You had better not fool around.)
* 凡事知之不尽不如不知。
One may as well not know a thing at all as know it imperfectly.
* 你借钱给他等于丢到海里。
You might as well throw your money into the sea as lend it to him.
| 100 | 下列助动词后接原形V或have pp.意思不同： | |
| should V 现在应该 (should = ought to) should have pp. 过去应该做而未做的事 | He should do that. He should have done that. | |
| can(not) V 现在疑问或否定推测 can(not) have pp. 过去疑问或否定推测 could have pp. 过去能做而未做的事 | Can he do that? He can’t have done that. He could have done that.(but he didn’t) | |
| must V 现在极肯定推测 must have pp. 过去肯定推测 | He must be tired. He must have done that. | |
| may V 现在可能 may have pp. 过去可能 | He may do that. He may have done that. | |
| might V 现在可能 might have pp. 过去本来可能....(但并未发生) | He might do that. He might have done that.(but he didn’t) | |
| didn’t need to V 过去不必做....(但不知做了没) needn’t have pp. 过去可以不必做....(但却做了) | He didn’t need to do that. He needn’t have done that.(but he did.) | |
| 101. | 「穿衣服」的用法 1.(动作)穿上..... 人put on 衣服 2.(状态)穿着..... 人 wear 衣服 = 人dress 人 + in衣服 (dress vt. = clothe vt.) = 人be dressed + in 衣服 = 人be + in 衣服 = 人 have 衣服 on |
* 衣服穿上跟我走。 Put on your clothes and come with me.
* 她总是穿着绿色衣服。 She always wears green.
= She always dresses herself in green.
= She is always dressed in green.
= She is always in green.
= She always has green on.
| 102. | 「花时间」的用法 人 spend 时间 + (in) Ving. ßspend一定是人当主词，后面用Ving = 人 take 时间 + to V. = It take (人) 时间 + to V. ßtake后面一定用to V = 事 take (人) 时间 |
* 我花了三天写了这封信。
I spent three days (in) writing this letter.
= I took three days to write this letter.
= It took me three days to write this letter.
= This letter took me three days.
|
| 「花金钱」的用法 | |
| 人 spend 金钱 + | (in) Ving. | |
| on 物 | ||
| = It cost (人) 金钱 + to V = 事 cost (人) 金钱 ßcost一定指花钱 | ||
* 我花了一百元买了这本书。
I spent one hundred dollars on this book.
= It cost me one hundred dollars to buy this book.
= This book cost me one hundred dollars.
| 104. | very + adj. 非常.....的 = all + 抽象n. =抽象n. + itself |
* 我们非常快乐。 We are very happy.
= We are all happiness.
= We are happiness itself.
| 105. | 表「天气」、「时间」、「距离」，主词要用It |
* 夜里下大雨。 It rained heavily during the night.
= There was a heavy rain during the night.
= We had a heavy rain during the night.
* 今天星期五。 It is Friday (today). (= Today is Friday.)
* 距离车站有两里路。 It is two miles to the station.
| 106. | It is + 非人称adj. + for 人 + to V. ß描写事 It is + 褒贬人adj. + of 人 + to V. ß描写人 |
* 你必须帮他的忙。 It is necessary for you to help him. ß是事情必要，不是人必要
(= It is necessary that you should help him.)
* 你真是不智接受的他的提议。
It is unwise of you to accept his offer. ß笨的是人，不是事情
( = You are unwise to accept his offer.)
「非人称adj.」指necessary, important, possible, difficult, hard, easy, convenient, dangerous等
「褒贬人adj.」指kind, cruel, generous, stingy, careful, careless, polite, rude, wise, foolish等
|
| It的强调句型 主词 It is 受词 + that 子句 副词 |
107.* 昨天打他的是我。 It was I that hit him yesterday.
* 我昨天打的是他。 It was he that I hit yesterday.
* 我打他是在昨天。 It was yesterday that I hit him.
| 108. | 前者...................后者.............. The former ....... the latter ....... That .................. this ............... |
* 他有一猫一狗，猫很怕狗。
He has a cat and a dog; the former is afraid of the latter.
= He has a cat and a dog; that is afraid of the this.
| 109. | 一个...........另一个................ 1. (只有两个时) one ....., and the other ...... 2. (只是不同一个时) one ....., and another ...... 3. (有三个时) one ....., and another ........., and the other ...... |
* 他有两只狗，一黑一白。 He has two dogs; one is black and the other white.
* 知是一回事，行是另一回事。 To know is one thing, and to do is another.