高三英语定语从句1
北京四中 毕勤
一、语法知识
在复合句中，修饰某一名词和代词，或修饰整个主句的从句叫做定语从句，它相当于形容词。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。
引导定语从句的关系代词有who,
whom, whose, which, that, as 和 关系副词 when, where, why。
关系代词和关系副词既联系从句和先行词， 还在从句中充当一个成分。
关系代词
1．Who (人， 主格，从句中作主语，非正式文体中代替whom作宾语，但是如果关系代词作介词的宾语，介词提前，就不用who，而用whom)
The person to whom
you spoke is a famous actor.
The person
who(whom) you spoke to is a famous actor.
2．Whom (人， 宾格，从句中作宾语，非正式文体中常省略)
3．Whose (多指人，也可物，指物可以与of which互换，从句中作定语)
He mentioned a book
whose author (= the author of which) I can't remember now.
4. Which
(指物，从句中作主语或宾语，宾语时常省略)
关系代词whom, which作从句中介词的宾语，介词一般提前，也可放在后面。但如果从句中的介词为谓语的动词短语，介词不能提前，需紧挨动词。
She sat on the
corner of the table near the door by which he husband always entered.
She sat on the
corner of the table near the door which he husband always entered by.
This is the key
which you are looking for.
但是先行词是时间，介词应放在关系代词which之前，不放在句尾。
I'll never forget
the day which I first met you on. (Χ)
如果whom, which为介词宾语被省略，介词不能提前。
I have the book you
are talking about.
The girl he leaned
against was his sister.
5. that
(指人，也可物，从句中作主语或宾语，还可以作表语，作宾语或表语可以省略)
He is not the man
that he used to be.
that 在从句中作介词的宾语，介词不提前，反之介词提前，必不用that.
The house that we
live in is not large.
The house in which
we live is not large.
The house we live in
is not large.
That 指物可以与which互换，以下几种情况只用that.
1. 先行词all, everything, nothing, something,
anything, little, much 等不定代词
2. 先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much 等修饰。
3. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。
4. 先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last 修饰时。
That white flower
is the only one that I really like.
This is the very
book that I want to have.
The last place that
we visited was the chemical works.
5. 有两个或两个以上的分别表示人和物的先行词，从句应用that,而不是其他。
He talked about the
teachers and schools that he had visited.
6. 当主句是以who, which 开头的特殊疑问句时，定语从句多用that,而不用who(whom),which.
Who is the person
that is standing at the gate?
以上通常是使用于物，人一般不受限制，但如果正式和严谨可以遵循这一原则。
6．as
常用于 the same--- as,
such ---as, as --- as , so --- as
但 as 引导从句表示内容与主句相似，同类；that 表示内容与主句同一，同一事物。
This is the same
bag as I lost yesterday. This is the same bag that I lost yesterday.
Such --- as 可以放在一起以such as 形式放在名词后。
She collected a
great many stories such as a child of four could understand.
另外as 可以代表整个内容，前后都可以，但有逗号分开。
As we have seen,
oceans cover more than 70 % of the earth.
As is known to all,
Taiwan is a part of China.
翻译为 "正如---"。
关系副词
1． When
（表示时间，时间状语）
Time 是先行词，前面有序数词和last 修饰，用that或什麽都不用
This is the last
time that I shall give a lesson.
The first film I
saw him was in 1986.
2． where （表示地点，地点状语）
3． why（表示原因，原因状语， 先行词reason）
非限制性定语从句
1． 从句与先行词关系松散。
2． 如果定语从句省略仍然完整。
3． 有逗号。
4． 关系代词不用that, 人（who, whom）物(which)。
5． 关系副词 when, where, 但why通常是限制性定语从句。
6． 可以用来修饰整个主句的意思，which不能提前放在句首。
二、练习与检测
1. A football fan
is _____ has a strong interest in football.
A. a thing that B. something that
C. a person who D. what
2. The house, _____
was destroyed in the terrible fire, has been repaired.
A. the roof of
which B. which roof
C. its roof D. the roof
3. Can you lend me
the novel _____ the other day?
A. that you
talked B. you talked about it
C. which you talked
with D. you talked about
4. The matter _____
you were arguing about last night has been settled.
A. that
B. what
C.
why D. for which
5. They talked for
about an hour of things and persons _____ they remembered in the school.
A.
which B. that
C.
who D. whom
6. Who _____ has
common sense will do such a thing?
A.
which B. who
C.
whom D. that
7. All the apples
_____ fell down were eaten by the pigs.
A.
that B. those
C.
which D. what
8. They asked him
to tell them everything _____ he saw at the front.
A. what
B. that
C. which D.
where
9. I'll tell you
_____ he told me last night.
A. all
which B. all what
C. that
all D. all
10. A child _____
parents are dead is called an orphan.
A.
who B. who's
C.
whose D. which
11. Is this the
museum _____ you visited the other day?
A.
that B. where
C. in
which D. the one
12. Is this museum
_____ some German friends visited last Wednesday?
A.
that B. where
C. in
which D. the one
13. -How do you
like the book?
-It's quite
different from _____ I read last month.
A.
that B. which
C. the
one D. the one what
14.
Which sentence is wrong?
A. The finger I
dipped into the cup was not the one I put it into my mouth.
B. Do you know the
boy who jumped onto the platform?
C. Science and new
technology have made it possible for farmers to produce more food on the same
amount of land.
D. People in
ancient times took it for granted that the sun moved round the earth.
15. The train _____
she was traveling was late.
A.
which B. where
C. on which
D. in that
16. He has lost the
key to the drawer _____ the papers are kept.
A.
where B. on which
C. under
which D. which
17. Antarctic _____
we know very little is covered with thick ice all the year round.
A.
which B. where
C.
that D. about which
18. It's the third
time _____ late this month.
A. that you arrived
B. when you arrived
C. that you've
arrived D. when you've arrived
19. He often helps
the students _____ he thinks are not quick at their studies.
A. whom
B. who
C. when
D. because
20. The Second
World War _____ millions of people were killed ended in 1945.
A.
when B. during that
C. in which
D. which
三、练习与检测答案
1-5 CADAB 6-10 DABDC 11-15 ADCAC 16-20
ADCBC