辅导（一）
一． 短语
break 词组
1. The little boy broke ______ from his mother and ran away.
2. The car broke ______ and they had to walk back home. 3. Don’t
break ______ when others are speaking.
4. They broke _____ the house and took the necklace away. 5. A quarrel
broke _____ between them.
call 词组：
1. We called _____ Mike's house yesterday.
2. All ships sailing on the oceans call _____ help by radio in English.
3. I'll call _____ my uncle at Beijing Railway Station.
4. Let's call _____ a doctor for the little girl.
5. Many of these songs called _____ the workers to take up the struggle.
6. I shall call _____ him tomorrow.
7. I heard somebody calling _____ to me from downstairs.
8. Call me _____ tomorrow; my number is 536291.
9. Your letter calls _____ the days when we worked together fifteen years
ago.
二． 语法
|
|
 | |||
 | |||
主语(Noun / Pronoun
The + adj
V-ing / Clause/Infinitive)
 |
附属成分: 基本成分的修饰语。可以是：
• 定语：即用来修饰名词的单词、短语或从句
• 状语：即用来修饰名词或代词以外的词的单词、短语或从句。
定 语
Poor John tottered toward a hospital nearby． She likes oranges imported from the USA.
John gave Mary many books，which are full of illustrations．
Have you seen the book on the desk? / The boy playing over there is my brother. / People there like sports.
状 语
John often came to chat with me． / John likes oranges very much．
Whenever he gets drunk，John makes Mary very angry．
Hearing the news, he jumped with joy. / As he was ill, he didn’t come to class yesterday.
She is sitting at the desk, doing her homework.
My father worked in this school ten years ago. / You’d better stay here.
句子扩张练习:
The lady has won a medal .
The girl jumped.
The gentlemen can speak languages.
The grandma told me an story.
The men sat.
两个简单句的主语可以连词and、but、both..and、either…or、neither…nor、not only…but also等连词连接组成一个简单句，但应注意主语和谓语动词的一致性。
1. The boss is flying to Paris. His secretary is flying to Paris.
The boss and his secretary are flying to Paris. / Both the boss and his secretary are flying to Paris.
2. The boss is flying to Rome. His secretary is not flying to Rome.
The boss but not his secretary is flying to Rome.
3. The boss may be flying to Berlin. His secretary may be flying to Berlin.
Either the boss or his secretary is flying to Berlin.
4. The boss is not flying to York. His secretary isn’t flying to York.
Neither the boss nor his secretary is flying to York.
两个简单句的宾语可由and、both…and等连词连接组成一个简单句。
1. I met Jane. I met her husband. / I met Jane and her husband ./ I met both Jane and her husband.
2. It was cold. It was wet. / It was cold and wet.
3. I didn’t meet Jane. I didn’t meet her husband.
I didn’t meet either Jane or her husband. / I met neither Jane nor her husband.
两个或两个以上限定动词也可合并为一个简单句。
We sang all night. We danced all night. / We sang and danced all night.
需把几个意思连接在一起时，可用分号或把两个或几个简单句用并列连词连接起来，这种结构即构成一个并列句。
用分号： We fished all day; we didn’t catch a thing.
用分号，后跟一个连接副词： We fished all day; however, we didn’t catch a thing.
用并列连词（如and、but、so、yet等） We fished all day, but (we) didn’t catch a thing.
常用并列连词:
平行并列连词: and, both…and, not only…but also, neither…nor, and then
转折并列连词：but, however, while, yet
因果并列连词: for, so
选择并列连词: or, either…or, neither… nor
并列句的词序：并列句基本上保留了简单句的词序。
主语 谓语 宾语 连词 主语 动词 表语
Jimmy fell off his bike but (he) wasn’t hurt.
五种简单句型可用并列连词连接起来组成并列句。
主 谓 状（方式） 连 主 谓 表
Frank worked hard and (he ) became an architect.
主 谓 宾 连 主 谓 地点
I ’ve got a cold, so I ’m going to bed.
主 谓 宾 宾补 连 主 谓 宾
They made him chairman, but (they) didn’t increase his salary.
三． 句型
1. It is time that +句子。 该是(某人)做...的时候了.
2. It is/has been +时间+since +句子. 自从做...到现在有多长时间来了.
3. It (will/won't) be long before +句子/It is(isn’t) long before + 句子/It was(wasn’t) long before +句子. 很久/不久...才…
1. 你该睡觉了. 2. 收到你的来信已有一月之久.
3. 我不久就知道了这件事. 4. 好久我们才知道发生的事情.
5. 不久之后我们就会知道结果的
四． 听力
| Day | Activity | Starting Time | Ending Time | Location |
| Today | English corner | 16 | About 9:30 pm | |
| Movie: Rocky | 17 | Cambridge | ||
| Tomorrow | 18 | 4:00 pm | 19 | |
| 20----------------- | Class |
五． 完型填空
Wouldn't it be great if we didn't have to remember passwords (密码) ever again？If we could just sit in front of our computers and be 21 logged in (登录? Crave mentions how NECSoft BiodeLogon system uses face recognition technology to log you on to Windows, rather than using a 22 All you need is a webcam and your pretty face to 23 your PC. No more 24 , confusing passwords to remember or change every few months.
After doing a little research, I found this type of 25 already available to consumers via a relatively 26 application called FaceCode. The 27 requires the use of a webcam to recog- nize and log PC users into their systems. You can add as many 28 as you want, provided they each have a Windows account. If the system 29 to recognize your 30 , you can recall the Windows user name and password by using a hot-key combination.
21. A. automatically B. personally C. correctly D. occasionally
22. A. face B. password C. software D. system
23. A. access B. connect C. recognize D. remember
24. A. simple B. complicated C. special D. useful
25. A. computer B. technology C. password D. application
26. A. independent B. infrequent C. inexpensive D. instant
27. A. account B. consumer C. designer D. software
28. A. users B. passwords C. systems D. computers
29. A. begins B. tries C. fails D. stops
30. A. account B. name C. password D. face
六． 阅读
How should one invest a sum of money in these clays of inflation (通货膨胀)? Left in a bank it will hardly keep its value, however high the interest rate. Only a brave man, or a very rich one, dares to buy and sell on the Stock Market. Today it seems that one of the best ways to protect your savings, and even increase your wealth is to buy beautiful objects from the past. Here I am going to offer some advice on collecting antique clocks, which I personally consider are among the most interesting of antiques.
I sometimes wonder what a being from another planet might report back about our way of life. "The planet Earth is ruled by a mysterious creature that sits or stands in a room and makes a strange ticking sound. It has a face with twelve black marks and two hands. Men can do nothing without its permission, and it fastens its young round people's wrists so that everywhere men go they are still under its control. This creature is the real master of Earth and men are its slaves."
Whether or not we are slaves of time today depends on our culture and personality, but it is believed that many years ago kings kept special slaves to tell the time. Certain men were very clever at measuring the time of clay according to the beating of their own hearts. They were made to stand in a fixed place and every hour or so would shout tire time. So it seems that the first clocks were human beings.
However, men quickly found more convenient and reliable ways of telling the time. They learned to use the shadows cast by the sun. They marked the hours on candles, used sand in hour- glasses, and invented water-clocks. Indeed, any serious student of antique should spend as much time as possible visiting palaces, stately homes and museums to see some of the finest examples of clocks from the past.
Antique clocks could be very expensive, but one of the joys of collecting clocks is that it is still possible to find quite cheap ones for your own home. After all, if you are going to be ruled by time, why not invest in air antique clock and perhaps make a future profit?
41. According to the passage, collecting antique clocks____.
A. can hardly keep the value of your savings B. will cost much of your savings
C. may increase your wealth D. needs your bravery
42. By quoting (引用) the remark of a being from another planet, the author intends to____.
A. suggest human beings are controlled by a clock B. describe why clocks can rule the planet Earth
C. tell readers what clocks look like D. compare chicks to human beings
43. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a way to measure the time?
A. Counting the beating of one's own heart. B. Making use of candles, sand and water.
C. Observing shadows cast by the sun. D. Keeping slaves busy day and night.
44. The underlined phrase stately homes in paragraph 4 means
A. state-owned houses B. houses in very good condition
C. grand houses open to the public D. houses where statesmen meet regularly
45. The purpose of the passage is
A. to introduce the culture of antique clocks
B. to offer some advice on collecting antique clocks
C. to compare different ways to make a future profit
D. to explain convenient and reliable ways of telling time
七． 基础写作
MY AIM 我的志向
不论人是什么身份，他必须有一个志向。如果没有的话，他很难立足于世上。那是显而易见的。
不论名利如何重要，我们切不可让它们成为我们生活之目标。我们应当志在做一些对社会有益的事情。
如果我的志向能实现的话，我就希望成为一个老师。然而，教书并不是一件容易的事情。我必须专心学业以便能适应我的职责。
八． 任务型写作
阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。
I became a teacher of English in 1980. Since then, I felt something I was not quite used to， that is, there was no one to correct my mistakes any more. Instead, I became the one who corrected others’ mistakes although I knew there was still much to be desired in my own English.
Five years later, through my efforts, I started to teach English on the radio. By then I had become an experienced teacher and had somewhat improved my English. I received quite a number of encouraging letters from the listeners. One day one of my colleagues came up to me and asked me how I pronounced the word “eighth”. I told him I pronounced it as ［eiθ］. My colleague thanked me and left. But as he went away, I suddenly felt not sure of myself. As soon as I returned to my room, I looked the word up in the dictionary. Good heavens! I was wrong. It is pronounced as［eitθ］. I found myself in an embarrassing situation. I had always been considered as “a living dictionary” by my colleagues. If I didn’t go to tell my colleague the right answer, maybe he would never know the fact, though I would feel a little shame on myself. But if I went to tell him I was wrong, what would they think of me? After careful thoughts, I went to my colleague.
I find there is nothing that leaves me a deeper impression than the correction of my mistake.
[写作内容]
1. 以约30个词概括短文的要点；
2. 然后以约120个词就“Learn from mistakes”的主题发表看法，并包括如下要点：
a)你对“Learn from mistakes”的理解及看法； b)在英语学习方面，你有何亲身体会及建议。
[写作要求]
(1)可以使用实例或其它论述方法支持你的论点，也可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不得直接引用原文中的句子； (2)标题自定。
[评分标准] 概括准确、语言规范、内容合适，篇章连贯。
Keys:
一． 短语
break 词组
1.break away from 摆脱、逃掉、改掉、断绝来往。 2.break down 损坏、身体衰弱。
3.break in 闯入、插嘴。 4.break
into 闯入、打断，突然开始。 5.break out 爆发、发生。
call 词组：
1. call at 访问，拜访某地 2. call for 请求，要求 3. call for 去接某人，接走某人
4. call in 召请，请来 5. call on / upon
号召 6. call on
拜访某人 7. call out
大声呼喊，叫喊
8. call up 给 ... 打电话 9. call up 使人想起，回忆起
二． 语法
句子扩张练习:
1. The young lady wearing black clothes has won a gold medal in the Olympics
2. Hearing the news that Father would take her to Disneyland, the little girl with long hair jumped with joy in the street.
3. The old gentlemen from Hong Kong can speak three languages fluently.
4. The grandma living next door told me an interesting story last night, making me laughing again and again.
5. After working hard a whole day, all the young men sat round the table, talking and laughing.
三． 句型
1. It is time that you went to bed. 2. It is more than one month since I received your
3. It was not long before I know it. 4. It was long before we knew what happened.
5. It won’t be long before we know the result.
四． 听力 16. 7:30 pm 17. 9:30 pm 18. A tennis match 19. London 20. Wednesday
五． 完型填空 21—25: ABABB 26—30: CDACD
六. 阅读 41—45. CADCB
七. 基础写作
Whatever a man’s status is (may be), he must have an aim. If not, he can hardly stand on his own two feet in the world. That stands to reason.
However important fame and wealth may be, we must not let them become our object in life. We should aim at doing something useful to the society.
If my aim can come true, I hope (wish) to be a teacher. However, teaching is by no means an easy thing. I must apply myself closely to my studies so as to be able to cope with my duties (as a teacher).
八. 任务型写作
Learn from mistakes
This passage tells us how the writer, though excellent in the English language, made a mistake and corrected it in time, from which he learnt a lot.
Just as the saying goes, to err is human. Therefore, we should not be afraid of making mistakes. Think of a little child learning his mother tongue. How could he make the first sound correct? But after hundreds of times of saying, repeating, self-correcting and being corrected by others, he at last has a good command of the mother tongue.
This idea can also be applied to us in learning English, a foreign language for us. When I first began to learn English, I was afraid of being laughed at by others for my awkward pronunciation, so I seldom read aloud in public, not to say talking or answering questions in class. As a result, I was poor in spoken English. Later, our English teacher made some mistakes in class, and she told us that it was natural for one to make mistakes. Encouraged by her, I gathered my courage and practiced as much as possible. Now I can speak fluent English. So I suggest everybody not be afraid of making mistakes and should take every chance to practice and improve the language.
辅导2
一． 短语
come 词组
1. I came _____ him first in Beijing. 2. Come _____,
try it again.
3. I'll help you too if any beast comes _____ you. 4. Now, let’s come _____ to what I was
saying a moment ago.
5. It is impossible for a dead animal to come _____. 6.
The airplane came _____ in that field.
7. Lei Feng came _____ a poor peasant's family. 8. How long is it since the electronic
computer came _____ use?
9. The trees turn green and flowers come _____.
10. This magazine comes _____ once a month.
11. Someday you'll come _____ know the mistakes you have made.
12. A child came _____ to me and showed me the way.
13. Searching through the drawer, I came _____ the letter I'd been looking
for.
二． 语法
| 关系词 | 先行词 | 从句成分 | 例句 | 备注 | ||
| 关系代词 | Who | 人 | 主语 | Do you know the man who is talking with your mother? | Whom, which和that在从句中做宾语时，常可以省略，但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略，也不可以用that | |
| Whom | 人 | 宾语 | Mr. Smith is the person with whom I am working The boy (whom) she loved died in the war.. | |||
| Whose | 人，物 | 定语 | I like those books whose topics are about history. The boy whose father works abroad is my deskmate. | |||
| That | 人，物 | 主语，宾语 | A plane is a machine that can fly. She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much. | |||
| Which | 物 | 主语，宾语 | The book (which) I gave you was worth $10. The picture which was about the accident was terrible. | |||
| As | 人，物 | 主语，宾语 | As is known to all, man can’t live without water. At last, our team won the game, as we had expected. He is such a person as is respected by all of us. This is the same pen as I lost yesterday. | 1. 用于非限制定语从句中,引导的定语从句位置可前可后; 2. 用于such…as…及the same…as…结构中, 做宾语一般不省略. | ||
| 关系副词 | When | 时间 | 时间状语 | I will never forget the day when we met there. | 可用on which | |
| Where | 地点 | 地点状语 | This is the house where I was born. | 可用in which | ||
| why | 原因 | 原因状语 | I can’t imagine the reason why he turned down my offer. | 可用for which | ||
Practice:
1. She heard a terrible noise, ____ brought her heart into her mouth.
2. 天气结果变得非常好. 这是我们预料不到的.
3. 在巴黎住了50年后, 他回到了他小时候生长的小镇.
4. 他的父母不会让他娶任何一个家庭很贫穷的人妻.
5. He made another wonderful discovery, ____ of great importance to science.
A. which I think is B. which I think it is C. which I think it D. I think which is
6. 这就是你为什么要请几天假的原因吗?
7. The film brought the hours back to me ____ I was taken good care of in that faraway village.
A. until B. that C. when D. where
8. 众所周知, 月亮每个月绕地球转一圈.
9. 就如上面所提到的, 大学生的人数在不断的上涨.
10. I shall never forget those years ____ I lived in the country with the farmers, ____ has a great effect on
my life.
11. 那家你曾经在业余时间打工的餐厅在哪里?
12. Is this museum ____ some foreign tourists visited the day before?
A. which B. where C. the one D. it
13. Is this the house ____ the great musician was born in?
A. which B. where C. the one D. it
14. I shall never forget the day ____ we worked together and the day _____ we spent together.
A. when; which B. which; which C. when; when D. which; when
15. Can you think out a situation ____ this idiom can be used?
A. which B. that C. where D. with which
16. I, ____ your friend, will help you out.
A. who is B. who am C. that is D. I am
17. The time ____ I spend on maths is much more than on English.
A. that B. when C. at which D. during which
18. Mr. Green drove slowly on the way home until he reached the high way, ____ the speed limit was at least 60 miles per hour.
A. because B. which C. where D. that
19. He arrived in New York, ____ some time later, he became a writer.
A. when B. where C. that D. which
三． 句型
1. It takes/took +(人)+时间 +to do. 做...花了某人多少时间. / Sth take sb (多少时间)
Sb spend + 时间/金钱 +( in) doing sth
on sth
Sb pay (多少钱) for sth / Sth cost sb (多少钱)
2. It is/was +强调部分+that... 正是....
Practice:
1. 坐公共汽车去那儿需一个半小时.
2. 我用了一个多小时才做完家庭作业.
3. 昨天在电脑商场我舅舅花了5000块钱买了一台新电脑.(试用强调句型表达)
4. 现在大多数产品的成本比以前低多了, 但是生活费用比以前也高多了.
四． 听力
Christmas information
| People | Ways of celebrating Christmas |
| All people | 16____________ for family members and fiends Filling homes with evergreen trees and bright-colored 17_________________ Going to parties and preparing special 18______________ |
| Christians | Going to church and celebrating Christmas as the 19_____________of Jesus Christ |
| Many other Americans | Celebrating Christmas as an 20______________ but non-religious holiday |
五． 完型填空
I have said enough to you about the fact that no two native speakers of English speak it alike, but perhaps you are clever enough to ask me whether I myself speak it in the same way.
I must 21 at once that I do not. Nobody does. I am at present speaking to an audience of many thousands of gramophonists（学话者）, many of 22 are trying hard to follow my words, syllable by syllable. If I were to speak to you as carelessly as I speak to my wife at home, this record would be 23 ; and if I were to speak to my wife at home as carefully as I am speaking to you, she would think that I was going mad.
As a public speaker I have to take care that every word I say is heard clearly at the far 24 of large halls containing thousands of people. “But at home, when I have to consider only my wife sitting 25 six feet of me at breakfast, I take so little pains with my speech that very often, 26 giving me the expected answer, she says, “Don’t mumble, and don’t turn your head away when you speak. I can’t hear a word you are saying.” And she also is a little careless. Sometimes I have to say “what” two or three times during our meal. And she 27 me of growing deafer and deafer, though she does not say so, because, as I am now over seventy, it might be true.
We all have company manners. If you were to 28 a strange family and to listen through the keyhole before going in---not that I would suggest for a moment that you are capable of doing such a very unladylike or ungentlemanlike thing; but still, if, in your enthusiasm for studying languages you could bring yourself to do it just for a few seconds to hear how a family speak to one another when there is 29 listening to them, and then walk into the room and hear how very 30 they speak in your presence, the change would surprise you. Even when our home manners are as good as our company manners---and of course they ought to be better---they are always different; and the difference is greater in speech than in anything else.
21. A. admit B. accept C. refuse D. deny
22. A. them B. who C. whom D. us
23 A. useful B. important C. useless D. helpful
24. A. side B. end C. distance D. length
25. A. within B. at C. from D. by
26. A. other than B. except for C. apart form D. instead of
27. A. excuses B. suspects C. thinks D. accuses
28. A. call at B. drop by C. drop in D. call on
29. A. nobody else B. nobody C. someone else D. someone
30. A. strangely B. politely C. differently D. calmly
六． 阅读
“What’s in a name?” According to Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet, there is not too much. “That which we call a rose by any other name would smell as sweet.” But Shakespeare may have been wrong. In most cultures, names matter a great deal.
Americans choose names for their children with care. Parents usually think about the impression a name gives, not its meaning. Most Americans would consider a “Jennifer” more attractive than a “Bertha”, for example. The last name, or, surname, must also be considered when choosing a first and middle name. A name like Lester Chester Hester would sound poetic, but odd. Parents would avoid names that remind them of people they don’t like. On the other hand, people might name their children after a respected elderly relative or even a famous person. The popularity of certain names can change with each new generation. Names that were once common, like Fanny or Elmer, sound old-fashioned today. But other names---like John and David, Mary and Sarah---have stood the test of time and continue to be favorites.
People in America don’t always call their friends and relatives by their given names. Instead, they often use nicknames. Sometimes nicknames are short forms of a longer name. For instance, a girl named Elizabeth may be called Lisa, Beth or Betsy. As children grow up, they may decide for themselves which nickname they wish to be called. Some people just go by the initials of their first and middle names, like B.J. or R.C. And of course, people may call their children or their sweethearts other special nicknames. Often they have a “sweet” flavor, like Honey or Sugar.
What’s in a name? A world of significance. So if you’re choosing an English name for yourself, take care to choose a good one. A made-up name could sound strange to native English speakers. And a translation of your Chinese name may not make an appropriate name, either. But a good name can leave a positive and lasting impression. As an American politician once said, “In real life, unlike in Shakespeare, the sweetness of the rose depends upon the name it bears.”
46. What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 2 mean?
A. People change names in order to be popular with the new generation.
B. Names will change by themselves in order to be popular.
C. Some names may no longer be popular among the new generation.
D. No names can stand the test of time.
47. When choosing names, you should stick to the following principles except that __________.
A. the impression a name gives is more important than its meaning
B. you can name after a well-known person
C. surname should be paid attention to D. you can create a name that is special
48. The word “initial” in paragraph 3 probably means __________.
A. nickname B. the first letter C. short form D. title
49. The author will name a new born baby girl __________.
A. Bertha B. Fanny C. Yunyun D. Elizabeth
50. What is the main idea of this passage?
A. Names have great significance to Americans. B. Names change when time goes by.
C. Chinese people should be careful when choosing their English names.
D. Roses smell sweet by any other name.
七． 基础写作
FACTORS OF SUCCESS 成功要素
我们大家知道成功要素很多。现在让我们把它们最重要的写在下面。
勤勉――一个人虽然不大聪明，但是他能做成他的工作，如果他苦干的话。那是不容置疑的。
毅力――当你失败的时候，不要灰心。要继续工作，直到你达到目的为止。
诚实――如果你说谎或不守信，没有人会信赖你。我宁愿挨骂不愿欺骗人。
八． 任务型写作
阅读下面这篇短文，按要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。
No one can believe that the over 6,300-kilometer Great Wall might disappear some day. Believe it or not, the Great Wall is being destroyed by people. Less than 20 percent of the Great Wall built in the Ming Dynasty is still perfect, but about 80 percent is in danger. The Great Wall can be called “great” mostly because of its amazing length. But we should realize that the length was made up of one brick at a time. If we do nothing to save the Great Wall, it will become a series of separate wasteland rather than a historic site.
The Great Wall is actually a series of walls built and rebuilt by different dynasties over the past 2,000 years. It began in the rule of China’s first emperor, Qin Shihuang of the Qin Dynasty (221 BC—206 BC), and lasted into the Ming Dynasty. The parts built before the Ming Dynasty have nearly disappeared. The bricks on the Great Wall are carried off by countryside people to build their houses, sheep corrals and pigsties. Some were taken away to build roads. Bricks carved with people’s names are put away as remembrances. Rubbish is spread over the battlements. The bricks can be sold for 15 yuan per tractor load. Those who destroyed and are destroying the Wall know its name, but are not clear about its cultural meaning. It will take a long time to let them know this. The local farmers not only carried off the body of the Wall but also dug out the entire base.
[写作内容]
1)以约30个词概括短文的要点；
2)然后以约120个词就“如何保护我国的文化遗产”的主题发表看法，并包括如下要点：
a)你是如何看待我国的文化遗产遭到破坏的现象的？
b)保护文化遗产有何意义； c)保护我国的文化遗产的建议。
［写作要求］
1．可以使用实例或分项论述的方法支持你的论点，也可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不得直接引用原文中的句子； 2．标题自定。
[写作指导]
(1)确定体裁：阅读材料，可以了解到万里长城目前因为种种原因遭到了破坏，并以小见大，引发对我国其它历史文化遗产保护的必要，要求写一篇议论文。
(2)拟定标题：How to protect the cultural heritages in our country？
(3)如何概括：①找出论点(Great Wall might disappear some day)和论据(the Great Wall is being destroyed by people: to build their houses, sheep corrals and pigsties; to build roads; sold for 15 yuan per tractor load)；②用自己的话将上述论点和论据表达出来。
(4)发表看法：①提出问题并加以分析：如何看待我国的文化遗产遭到破坏的现象，并分析其产生的根源；②问题的支持：写保护文化遗产有何意义；③问题的解决：提出保护我国文化遗产的具体措施。
Keys:
一． 短语
come 词组
1. come across 遇见，发现 2. come on /
along 来吧，快点 3. come at 袭击，向...扑来
4. come back 回来，回到...来 5. come back to life 复活 6. come down 从 ...下来
7. come from 出生于 8. come into use 使用起来（另come into
being形成，产生come into power 当权 ）
9. come out (花）开放 10. come out 出版 11. come to 来到，达到，结果是
12. come up 走过来，走近 / 长出，发芽 13. come across 偶然碰上，遇到
二． 语法
Practice:
1. which. (她听到一个恐怖的声音. 这让她的心快被提到嘴边来了.)
2. The weather turned out to be very good, which we hadn't expect.
3. After living in Paris for fifty years, he returned to the small town where he grew up as a child.
4. His parents wouldn't let him marry anyone whose family was poor.
5. A 6. Is that the reason why/for which you had a few days off?
7. C 8. As is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.
9. As is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior high schools is increasing.
10. when, which (我将永远不会忘记那些我在乡村和农民一起生活和工作的日子. 这对我的人生有很大的影响.)
11. Where is the restaurant where you once worked in your spare time?
12. C 13. A 14. A 15. C 16. B 17. A 18. C 19. B
三． 句型
Practice:
1. It takes one and a half hours to go there by bus.
2. It took me more than one hour to finish my homework.
I spent more than one hour (in) finishing my homework.
I spent more than one hour on my homework.
3. Yesterday my uncle spent 5000 yuan buying a new computer at a computer commercial center.
Yesterday my uncle spent 5000 yuan on a new computer at a computer commercial center.
Yesterday my uncle paid 5000 yuan for a new computer at a computer commercial center.
Yesterday a new computer cost my uncle 5000 yuan at a computer commercial center.
It was my uncle who spent 5000 yuan buying a new computer at a computer commercial center yesterday.
It was 5000 yuan that my uncle spent on a new computer at a computer commercial center yesterday.
It was a new computer that my uncle spent 5000 yuan on at a computer commercial center yesterday.
It was at a computer commercial center that my uncle spent 5000 yuan on a new computer yesterday.
It was yesterday that my uncle spent 5000 yuan on a new computer at a computer commercial center.
4. Nowadays the cost of most products is much lower than before, but our living cost is much higher than before.
四．听力 16. Buying gifts 17. lights 18. Christmas foods 19. birthday 20. important
五． 完型填空
21. A 意为“我必须承认”。 22. C 引导非限制性定语从句且在介词的后面，须用whom。
23. C 句意是“如果那样随便的话，就没有用处了”。
24. B 在大厅的远端，不能用distance，因distance 是指远处，可能超出大厅。
25. A 强调在六尺范围内，也许更近的范围。
26. D 表示“没有，而不是”，用Instead of。另外，Other than=except, Apart from=besides。
27. B “怀疑我耳朵越来越聋了”，表示“怀疑某人做某事”是suspect sb of doing sth。
28. D 区分：call on sb拜访某人；call at拜访某地；drop in on sb顺便拜某人；drop in at顺便拜访某地。
29. A 指“当没有其他外人在场的时候”。 30. C 指“差别是多么大呀”。
六． 阅读
46. C 从划线句子的下文看出，有些名字曾经很流行但现在就很过时了，说明某些名字的受欢迎程度是会变的。
47. D 文章最后一段建议不要生造名字。选项ABC都可以在第二段找到。
48. B 从B.J. or R.C.这两个例子看出，该词表示首字母。从第三段Elizabeth may be called Lisa, Beth or Betsy这一例子看出，选项C表示缩短形式；选项D是称谓，不合题意。
49. D 用排除法。选项A、B可以在文中找到，都是作者不赞赏的例子；选项C是中文译名，也不好。
50. A 文章介绍在美国文化中，名字是相当重要的，所以要认真起好名字。关键词是name 和America，所以选项A最合适。
七． 基础写作
We all know that there are many factors of success. Now let me write down the most important ones in the following.
Diligence—Foolish as a person is, he can succeed in his work if he works hard. There is no doubt about it.
Perseverance—When you fail, don’t lose heart. Keep on working until you accomplish your aim.
Honesty—If you tell lies or do not keep your words, no one will rely on you. I would rather be scolded than cheat (others).
八． 任务型写作
How to protect the cultural heritages in our country？
The Great Wall is one of the Seven Wonders of the World and a symbol of the ancient Chinese civilization, but now it is in danger and some day it may disappear because of some local people’s destroy.
What a pity！As we can see，some other valuable and important relics in our country have been destroying as well. Why are some people doing that so foolishly？Because the local people are not aware of their importance. Cultural heritages are left to us by our ancestors and are also symbols of their wisdoms, which played a very important role in history.
How should we protect our Cultural heritages? In my opinion, firstly, we should make some people who lack of cultural knowledge know about the importance of the historic relics. Destroying them means destroying ourselves. Secondly, the government should take some measures to protect them, and if necessary, laws will be made to punish those who destroy them on purpose. Only in this way can we make our history richer and richer.
辅导3
一． 短语
do 词组
1.Truth to tell, I don't know how to do _____ him. 2. I'll have nothing to do
_____ him from now on.
3. What did you do that camera you found?
4. The poisonous waste may do great _____ to the things around us.
5. I think I can do _____ in English this year than last year.
6. Liszt said, "You've done _____, but I can see you truly sorry about
it."
7. I'm going to do my _____ this year. 8. I
was only trying to do a good _____.
give 词组
1. In those days, he used to give _____ a part of his income to help his
friend.
2. Both sides argued with reason, and neither would give _____.
3. If they are burned, they give _____ poisonous gases.
4. When they made ready to climb the next ridge（山脊），they found that
their oxygen had given ______.
5. Both the man and horse gave _____ after the long ride.
6. All hope of finding the missing aircraft was given _____ and the search
stopped.
7. Mary had to give _____ her job after her marriage.
8. 举行音乐会
9. 演讲，做报告
10. 给...上课
11. 给某人关于... 的忠告
二． 语法
Practice:
1. 这是我两年前住过的房子。
2. 还记得你加入我们俱乐部的那一天吗？
3. 在这个漆黑的街上, 没有一个她可以向之求助的人.
4. The gentleman ____ you told me yesterday proved to be a thief.
A. who B. about whom C. whom D. with whom
5. 你喜欢他跟你讲话的那种方式吗?
6. She likes to use words ____ is clear to him.
A. of which the meaning B. of which meaning C. whose the meaning D. meaning of which
7. We all like Jack because he is a man ____ everybody thinks is pleasant to ____.
A. who; talk B. whom; get along with C. who; get along with D. whom; talk with
8. My glasses, ____ I was like a blind man, fell to the ground and broke.
A. which B. with which C. without them D. without which
9. The doctor ____ is leaving for Africa next month.
A. the nurse is talking to him B. whom the nurse is talking
C. the nurse is talking to D. to who the nurse is talking
10. The science of medicine, ____ progress has been made very rapid lately, is perhaps the most important of all the sciences.
A. to which B. in which C. which D. with which
11. The stories about this secret person, ____ this is one example, are widely spread among people.
A. about which B. of which C. which D. from which
三． 句型
1. It is one's turn to do. 轮到某人做.... 2. It is the first (second...) time that ... 第一次...
3. had better (not) do..., 最好(不)做… 4. would rather do… than do..., 宁愿做…也不愿做…
5. have/get + sth. + v-ed 把…给做了
Practice:
1. 轮到我们表演了 2. 这是我第二次来中国.
3. 你晚上最好别出去. 4. 真正的英雄宁愿死也不屈服.
5. 我们明天准备叫人把这台机器修一下.
四． 听力
Living in a small town
| Name of town | Albany |
| Location | About 16__________from the nearest big city |
| Population | Around 17___________- people |
| Advantages | People: 18_____________ |
| Pace of life: much slower | |
| 19__________: much more relaxed | |
| weather | Summer: nice but windy |
| Winter : about 15 degrees centigrade, 20___________ |
五． 完型填空
American teenagers have always worked for extra pocket money. In a 1987 1 of 16, 000 high school seniors nationwide, it was 2 that eighty percent of students spent their earning on their own needs, such as clothing, records and movies. Only five percent said they contributed most of their income to help pay family living 3 .
The benefits of this work-and-spend ethic (道德规范) are being 4 argued. Some experts, and many parents, insist that year-round part-time employment increases youngsters' sense of worth, teaches them financial 5 and reduces tension and 6 — within the family. I
Others , 7 , argue that working teenagers are not proper from their families, which, if so, 8 parental authority. Teenagers' schoolwork can also be affected. “When youngsters work for luxuries, they are buying 9 from education." said a program director for the U. S. Department or Education. Working teenagers themselves say they have 10 time to spend with friends and family.
| 1 | A view | B inspection | C observation | D survey |
| 2 | A suggested | B found | C recommended | D advised |
| 3 | A expenses | B money | C value | D charges |
| 4 | A curiously | B heatedly | C thoroughly | D entirely |
| 5 | A account | B ability | C responsibility | D comfort |
| 6 | A crash | B conflict | C battle | D struggle |
| 7 | A furthermore | B therefore | C however | D besides |
| 8 | A weakens | B loses | C reduces | D destroys |
| 9 | A conclusion | B separation | C affection | D satisfaction |
| 10 | A more | B less | C reduced | D sufficient |
六． 阅读
The numbers show that Dikembe Mutombo is the oldest player in the NBA. The question is: Just how old is he?
Well, whether he is 40 (according to NBA records), or 50, or somehow in-between, the veteran center of the Houston Rockets has been a source of inspiration and great play since he replaced Yao Ming, who suffered a fractures tibia in a Dec. 23 game.
Since Yao got hurt, Mutombo has averaged 13.2 rebounds---getting double figures off the boards in the last eight games and 2.5 blocked shots. Recently he has passed Kareem Abdul-Jabbar into second place on the all-time blocks list.
“It’s amazing, just the way I’m playing,” the 7-foot-2-inch Mutombo said. “Even to myself, I’m sitting down like, ‘Whoa, is Mutombo really playing like that?’ I haven’t seen myself jumping for a rebound like that for a while. I am playing above the rim again. I feel real good. I have energy. I have new spring in my feet.”
It’s been great to watch for the Rockets, who are 8-2 since Yao went down.
In fact, the Rockets (25-13), who play the Marvericks on Tuesday night, has the fourth best record in the league, even though they are just third in their own division.
Mutombo is the major reason why. His rejuvenated act has his teammates excited.
“I have to pull him over to the side and tell him how great he looked,” Tracy McGrady said.
Clippers star, power forward Elton Brand, said: “Mutombo’s giving them a great lift they probably didn’t expect.”
51. How many teams are mentioned in the passage?
A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5
52. The underlined word “spring” in paragraph 4 probably refers to __________.
A. the season between winter and summer B. people’s best period in sports
C. a twisted piece of metal which can help people jump higher
D. a place where water comes up from the ground
53. Which of the following statements is not true about Mutombo?
A. He is the oldest player in the NBA. B. He is the forward of the Houston Rockets.
C. He is seven feet and two inches. D. He has moved to number two on blocked shot list.
54. What can we learn from the passage?
A. The Rockets have gained eight victories since Yao got hurt. B. Elton Brand is Mutombo’s teammate.
C. The Rockets rank the fourth in their division. D. Mutombo used to be looked down upon.
55. It can be inferred form the passage that __________.
A. Mutombo is somewhere between 40 and 50. B. The Mavericks are better than the Rockets.
C. Mutombo gets most points in his team. D. Yao Ming is the center of the Houston Rockets.
七． 基础写作
MY FAVORITE PASTIME 我心爱的消遣
大家都知道，工作而不休息会对健康有害的。换句话说，我们最好工作后，从事一些消遣的活动来轻松一下。
无疑消遣的种类很多，诸如打球、集邮、钓鱼、园艺、溜冰等等。
就我而言，我大大喜欢园艺。每当我有闲暇的时候，我习惯种花。我把它们看作是我最称心如意的伴侣。
八． 任务型写作
阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。
You must have heard stress contributes to 80% of major illness and is responsible for 75% to 90% of doctor’s visits. But that’s not stress; it’s distress. “Stress is the only anti-aging agent we know of – the exact opposite of what we think,” says psychologist James E. Loehr.
What really brings happiness is meeting obstacles and overcoming them. The damage occurs when stress levels never go down. A recent study showed it took nine days longer for the constantly stressed family caregivers of chronically(慢性地) ill patients to heal from wounds than it took other people the same age. Stress is essential. Life without it would be like having a brand-new cherry-red Porsche and driving it only in the driveway.
[写作内容]
1)以约30个词概括短文的要点；
2) 然后以约120个词就“你如何看待压力”的主题发表看法，并包括如下要点：
a)你是如何看待压力的？ b)在你的学习或生活中压力是否大？如何正视压力？
[写作指导]
(1)扼要概括：本文的论点、论据、结论。
| 论点 | Stress is the only anti-aging agent we know of |
| 论据 | Distress contributes to 80% of major illness and is responsible for 75% to 90% of doctor’s visits. |
| 结论 | Stress would bring you happiness. |
用自己的话表达：
论点→stress is not an obstacle but a power in our life, it is good for us to stay young.
论据和结论→According to the study, we know that stress is necessary in our life, which can motivate us to go ahead.
(2)构思经历：作者认为压力是抗衰老的有效药剂，生活的真正快乐来源于压力给予我们的不断的动力。因此，可以介绍我们在平时学习中是如何将压力变为动力，及如何正视压力。
Keys:
一． 短语
do 词组
1. do with sb.与某人相处 2. have
something/nothing to do with sb./sth.与某人（某事）有（没有）关系
3. do with sth. 处理，处置 4. do harm
to 对...有害 / do good to 对...有益
5. do well in 在...方面做得不错 6. do wrong 做坏事，做错事
7. do one's best 尽力 8. do a good
deed 做一件好事
give 词组
1. give away 赠送，给予 2. give in 投降，让步，屈服 3. give off 发出，放出
4. give out 用完，耗尽 5. give
out 力竭 6. give up
放弃 7. give
up 辞去
8. give a concert 9. give a
talk 10. give lessons to 11. give sb. some advice on ...
二． 语法
Practice:
1. This is the house where I lived two years ago.
This is the house in which I lived two years ago.
2. Do you remember the day when you joined our club?
Do you remember the day on which you joined our club?
3. In the dark street, there wasn't a single person to whom she could turn for help.
4. B 5. Do you like the way (that/in which) he speaks to you?
6. A 7. C 8. D 9. C 10. B 11. B
三． 句型
Practice:
1. It is our turn to give a performance. 2. It is the second time that I have come to China.
3. You’d better not go out at night. 4. A real hero would rather die than give in.
5. We will have the machine repaired tomorrow.
四． 听力 16. 150 miles 17. 16000 18. much more friendly 19. Lifestyle 20. foggy and very wet
五． 完型填空
解析：
1. D 根据统计数据16, 000 / eighty percent / five percent 判断。美国的青少年大多通过打工赚些零花钱。在1087年对全国16,000 高中学生的调查（survey）中发现，80%的学生用自己挣的零花钱购买自己的必须品如衣服、唱片或是看电影等等。
2. B 句型It was found that… 发现。。。
3. A 只有5%的学生拿出他们的收入作为家庭生活费（living expenses）.
4. B heatedly 兴奋地，激烈地。这种关于（学生打工带来的）工作与消费方面、道德层面上的益处的话题引起了激烈地讨论。
5. B 一些专家和许多家长认为整年的临时工可以增加青少年的价值意识，提高他们的理财能力。
6. B 根据信息词tension 和argue判断。在家庭内部，减少紧张和矛盾。
7. C 上下文意思是转折对比逻辑关系。然而（however），另外一些专家和家长争论认为参加工作的青少年不适于离开家人。
8. A 青少年离开家人去工作会削弱(weakens)父母亲的权威。青少年的功课也会受到影响。
9. B separation from 脱离。。。 当青少年为奢侈而工作的时候，他们就会正在脱离教育。
10. B 参加工作的青少年们自己也说他们和家人、朋友相处的时间更少了。
六．阅读 51-55 BCBAD
七． 基础写作
It is well known that work without rest will do harm to health. In other words, we had better take sufficient recreation to relax after work.
There is no doubt that there are a number of amusements, such as playing ball games, collecting stamps, fishing, gardening, skating and so on.
As for (to) me, I am very interested in gardening. Whenever I am free, I am used to growing flowers. I regard them as my most agreeable companion.
八． 任务型写作
Stress keeps you young
The passage tells us that stress is not an obstacle but a power of success in your life. What’s more, it is good for us to stay young. According to the study, we know that stress is necessary in our life, which can motivate us to go ahead.
Everyone is affected by stressful situations. How to manage your stress? I hold the same view with the author: stress is essential and we should be lucky to be together with it. As for me, I am keen on studying and enjoy the stress from study now. Once upon a time, I was discouraged because of too much stress from heavy study task. Later, I found the key to taking stress head-on is being relaxed. The better you relax, the better mood you can get from study. Don’t be pessimistic when stress comes into view, maybe it’s a turning point in your life.
51. B 文章提到the Rockets，the Mavericks和the Clippers三支队伍的名称。
52. C 从前面的句子I haven’t seen myself jumping for a rebound like that for a while. I am playing above the rim again.可知，Mutombo惊讶于自己能够跳得高，仿佛脚里装了弹簧似的，所以这里spring应该指弹簧。
53. B 从第二段可知Mutombo是center。其余三项都可在原文找到。
54. A 从第五段the Rockets, who are 8-2 since Yao went down得知A选项是对的。选项B Elton Brand 应是Clippers的前锋；选项C与第六段的内容不符；选项D文章没提到。
55. D 第二段提到Yao Ming受伤后Mutombo代替他的位置，因此可以推出他们的都是center。选项A，文章没确切交待准确数字，第二段只说了三种可能性；原文提到the Rockets曾经和the Mavericks交锋过，没说the Mavericks更好一些，所以B不对；文章没说Mutombo得分最高，所以C不对。
辅导4
一． 短语
get 词组
1. How are you getting _____ _____ your English? 2.
He got the book _____ from her.
3. The bank robbers used a stolen car to get _____. 4. When did you
get _____ from the countryside?
5. Have you got _____ the book you lent him?
6. "Get _____ on your knees," said the Genie, "for I am going to
kill you."
7. The dust has got _____ my eye.
8. This mistake may get him _____ difficulties.
9. Before I could get _____ a word he had measured me, and was giving orders
for evening suits, ...
10. If you knocks into someone, or get _____ his way, you says, "Excuse
me." or "I'm sorry."
11. When you are in London, you might get _____ _____ _____ a
friend of mine.
12. The conductor got _____ and checked the rails. 13. She got
_____ her bicycle and cycled off.
14. You work too hard! You should get _____ a bit more.
15. If you don't want to go, I suppose I can get _____ _____ the ticket.
16. We all try to get _____ at least once a year at Christmas time.
17. It took us only four minutes to get _____ the Customs(海关).
二． 语法
Practce:
1. Finally the thief handed everything ____ he had stolen to the police.
A. which B. what C. whatever D. that
2. 所有需要的东西都被准备好了.
3. This is the first sum of money ____ the children's family has received.
4. This is not the only apple ____ has rotten away.
A. which B. that C. / D. what
5. They talked nearly two hours about the people and the things ____ they remembered in the village.
A. who B. which C. that D. they
6. 这是我看过的一部最有趣的电影.
7. 我已经把老师要我们读的书都看过了.
8. Who ____ knows him would believe him?
A. whom B. who C. that D. which
9. This is the very building ____ I've been looking for the whole morning.
A. which B. that C. where D. in which
10. Mr. Green is an Australian, ____ I know from his accent.
A. who B. whom C. which D. that
11. She is such a lovely girl ____ is liked by everybody.
A. what B. as C. that D. which
12. Your new camera is just the same camera ____ I bought a month ago.
A. that B. which C. what D. as
三． 句型
What + 形容词 + 名词 + 主谓结构/How + 形容词或副词 + 主谓结构
What a + Adj + N + S + V!= How + Adj + a + N + V!（多么...！）
What lovely children they are! / How lovely these children are!
What great progress they have made in English!
遵守诺言是多么重要的事！(翻译)
How(fast) Liuxiang runs!
The + ~er + S + V, ~~~ the + ~er + S + (will) V ~~~
The + more + Adj + S + V, ~~~ the + more + Adj + S + (will) V ~~~（愈...愈...）
你工作越努力, 报酬就越高.
你爬得越高, 你看到的景色越美丽.
四． 听力
Jazz information
| What is jazz? | Jazz is a mix of African and European 16______________ |
| Conference place | 17________________ |
| Conference duration | The conference lasts 18________________ and nights. |
| Jazz lovers | Jazz lovers at the conference in January included teachers, 19_______________ and music industry experts. |
| Conference item | The National Endowment for the Arts honoured several 20___________________. |
五． 完型填空
My ears are recently full of joyous remarks from my friends such as, “Oh, Beckham is so handsome, so cool, that I can’t help falling in love with him!” Or “what perfect skills he has!” Yeah, I agree to some degree, though I sometimes do want to ask them how much they 1 Beckham, apart from his appearance and how much they know about football 2 scoring goals. It seems funny that we are crazy for things, with which we are unfamiliar or 3 we are uncertain, but we all, my friends 4 I, consider this one of life’s pleasures.
We need these pleasures to brighten up our lives. But that doesn’t amount to craziness or nonsense（胡闹）. As an old saying 5 : “Don’t judge a book by its cover.” We should not 6 anything from its appearance. We should all know, it is one’s good character and great contribution that makes one a star and unforgettable. Therefore we’d better say 7 about Beckham’s good looks.
If we close our eyes, 8 in deep thought, we can find that the things 9 us to be in truth happy, sad or moved 10 a clear meaning. If we don’t go deeper and just satisfied with superficial（表面的）things, 11 we will find that we have not really gained anything 12 our first impression has blinded and misled us, and we’ll remain ignorant（愚昧无知的） 13 we realize that and make some changes.
It is believed that thinking and going deeper than before is sign of great 14 . If one day we are willing to go deeper into everything, no matter how much it pains us, we will finally prove how much we have grown up, how much more sensible (明智的), mature, and intelligent we have 15 .
1. A．learn from B．learn C．know D．know about
2. A．rather than B．except for C．except D．apart from
3. A．with which B．about that C．about which D．which
4. A．not B．as well as C．rather than D．but
5. A．speaks B．talks C．tells D．goes
6.A．take B．judge C．accept D．conclude
7. A．more B．much C．worse D．less
8. A．fell B．fallen C．falling D．fall
9. A．that move B．that moves C．move D．moves
10. A．lack B．have C．include D．cover
11. A．in fact B．indeed C．in a while D．sooner or later
12. A．so B．even though C．because D．although
13. A．even if B．although C．unless D．if
14. A．joy B．progress C．effort D．work
15. A．come B．made C．had D．become
六． 阅读
A small piece of fish each day may keep the heart doctor away. That’s the finding of a study of Dutch men in which deaths from heart disease were more than 50 percent lower among those who consumed at least an ounce of salt water fish per day compared to those who never ate fish.
The Dutch research is one of three human studies that give strong scientific support to the long held belief that eating fish can provide health benefits, particularly to the heart.
Heart disease is the number-one killer in the United States, with more than 550,000 deaths occurring from heart attacks each year. But previous research has shown that the level of heart disease is lower in cultures that consume more fish than Americans do. There are fewer heart disease deaths, for example, among the Eskimos of Greenland, who consume about 14 ounces of fish a day, and among the Japanese, whose daily fish consumption averages more than 3 ounces.
For 20 years, the Dutch study followed 852 middle-aged men, 20 percent of whom ate no fish. At the start of the study, average fish consumption was about two-thirds of an ounce each day, with more men eating lean fish than fatty fish.
During the next two decades, 78 of the men died from heart disease. The fewest deaths were among the group who regularly ate fish, even at levels far lower than those of the Japanese or Eskimos. This relationship was true regardless of other factors such as age, high blood pressure, or blood cholesterol（胆固醇）levels.
72．The passage is mainly about _________.
A．the high incidence of heart disease in some countries B．the changes in people’s diet
C．the effect of fish eating on people’s health D．the daily fish consumption of people in different cultures
73．We can infer from the passage that there are fewer heart disease deaths ________.
A．in countries of the yellow-skin race B．in highly-developed countries
C．in the countries with high consumption of fish D．in the countries with good production of fish
74．The phrase “this relationship” in paragraph 6 refers to the connection between _________ and the level of heart disease.
A．the amount of fish eaten B．regular fish-eating
C．the kind of fish eaten D．people of different areas
75．From the passage we know the author is most probably ______.
A．a heart doctor B．a science researcher
C．a supporter of healthy eating D．a university student
七． 基础写作
WHERE THERE IS A WILL, THERE IS A WAY 有志者事竟成
成功的要诀不是金钱而是一个坚强的意志。一个大人物是一个具有坚强意志和不屈不挠精神的人。换句话说，如果一个人没有坚强意志去获得最后胜利的人，他终其一生永远不会成功。他只不过是（用no more than）一个失败者。
很显明，世界上并没有难事。如果你下定决心去做它，你一定会达到目的。那是显而易见的。
八． 任务型写作
阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。
Scientists find that hard-working people live longer than average men and women. Career women are healthier than housewives. Evidence shows that the jobless are in poorer health than the job-holders. A study shows that whenever the employment rate increases by 1%, the death rate increase correspondingly(相应地) by 2%. All this comes down to one point: work is helpful to health.
Why is work good for health? It is because work keeps people busy, away from loneliness. Researches show that people feel unhappy, worried and lonely when they have nothing to do. Instead, the happiest are those who are busy. Work serves as a bridge between man and reality. By work, people come into contact with each other. By collective activities, they find friendship and warmth. This is helpful to health. The loss of work means the loss of everything. It affects man spiritually and makes him likely to disease.
Besides, work gives one a sense of fulfillment and a sense of achievement. Work makes one feel his value and status in society. When a writer finishes his writing or teacher sees his students grow, they are happy beyond words.
[写作内容]
1)以约30个词概括短文的要点；
2)然后以约120个词就“努力学习，快乐生活”的主题发表看法，并包括如下要点：
a)你赞同“努力学习也可以快乐生活”这一观点吗？为什么？
b)举例说明你的同学是如何努力学习并保持健康乐观的心态的？
c)简述如何才能做到努力学习并快乐生活？
[写作指导]
(1)拟定标题：根据议论的主题及写作内容确定标题：Study hard and enjoy yourselves。
(3)扼要概括：找出议论文的基本要素，然后用自己的话表达出来。
| 论点—观点 | work is helpful to health |
| 论证—理由 | a. work keeps people busy, away from loneliness b. work serves as a bridge between man and reality c. work gives one a sense of fulfillment and a sense of achievement |
(3)确立观点，实施论证：首先要定好自己的观点，不一定是自己本来持有的观点，主要是看文章怎么好写就怎样立论。然后，根据所给“写作内容”进行构思，此处要求举例说明你的同学是如何努力学习并保持健康乐观的心态的，那么，写之前可以想一想平时的学习过程中，什么时候会发笑，会高兴，再把它们搬到同学的身上，用第三人称即可。如一起分享攻克难题后的喜悦；新学会的谚语刚好应景而生；开同学一个无伤大雅的玩笑；学习之余，抽半个小时来一场三人小组篮球赛进行自我调节等等。
| 论点—观点 | the harder you work, the happier you will be |
| 论证—理由 | a. hard work can keep a person busy; b. hard work can make one feel fruitful and proud of himself; c. the above factors can lead to a healthy body. |
最后，用一两句话简述你的看法。
一． 短语
get 词组
1. get along with进展 2. get
away 移走，拿走
3. get away 逃脱 4. get back 回来，返回
5. get back 取回，找回 6. get down on one's knees跪下 7. get into 进入 8. get sb. into 使...陷入
9. get in a word 插话 10. get in one's way 挡了某人的路
11. get in
touch with sb. 与某人取得联系，保持联系
12. get off 下来，从...下去 13. get on 上车
14. get out 离开，出去 15. get rid of 除掉，去掉 16. get together 相聚，碰头 17. get through 通过
二． 语法
| 情况 | 用法说明 | 例句 |
| 只用that的情况 | 1． 先行词为all, everything, anything, nothing, little, much,等不定代词时。 2． 先行词被all, any, every, each, much, little, no, some, few等修饰时 3． 先行词有形容词最高级和序数词修饰时 4． 先行词既指人又指物时 5． 先行词被the only, the very修饰时 6． 句中已经有who时，为了避免重复时 | 1.He told me everything that he knows. 2.All the books that you offered has been given out. 3.This is the best film that I have ever read. 4.We talked about the persons and things that we remembered. 5.He is the only man that I want to see. 6.Who is the man that is making a speech? |
| 不能用that的情况 | 1． 在非限制性定语从句中，只能用which指代物，用who/whom指人 2． 在由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，只能用which指物，whom指人。 | He has a son, who has gone abroad for further study. I like the person to whom the teacher is talking. |
| 限制性定语从句中 | 名词前有such和the same修饰时，关系代词用as,不能用which | He is not such a fool as he looks. Don’t read such books as you can’t understand. |
Practce:
1. D 最后这个贼把所有他偷来的东西都交给警察. 2. All that is needed is ready.
3. (that) 这是我一生当中赚到的第一笔钱. 4. B 5. C
6. This is one of the most interesting movies (that ) I have ever seen.
7. I've read all the books (that )our teacher required us to read.
8. C 9. B 10. B 11. B 12. D
三． 句型
What an important thing it is to keep our promise! / How important a thing it is to keep our promise!
The harder you work, the more money you will earn.
The higher you climb, the more beautiful view you will get.
四．听力 16. music and cultures 17. New York(City) 18. five days 19. famous musicians
20. jazz performers
五． 完型填空
本文是一篇具有一定哲理和教育意义的、夹叙夹议的议论文。文章通过讲述“盲目追星”这一事例，阐明了“看问题不要只看表面，而要‘Go Deep’注重内含”这一论点。
1. D know about “了解”从下文中也能找到相同的短语。
2. D apart from “除……外，还有……”，具有“附加性质”。 其他选项具有“排他性质”。从上文中也能找到相同的短语。
3. C 此题为“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句，about 与be uncertain搭配。
4. B 从上文中的we all判断，“不仅仅是我，还有我的朋友”。
5. D “正如俗语所说的”，此四个选项都有“说”之意，然而它们都有自己的搭配，A．speaks“说语言，演讲”；B．talks “交谈”；C．tells“告诉”；如用says是正确的，此题中的goes与says同义。
6. B judge…by… 或judge… from…“根据……判断”，从上句中能找到相同的意义。
7. D 从上下文意义上判断，“在外貌上要少说”。
8. C 从句子结构上分析，用现在分词形式作伴随状语。
9. A 从句子结构上分析，此处为定语从句，that代替先行词things，所以谓语用复数形式，关系代词在从句中作主语，that 不能省略。
10. B 此句的句子结构较复杂，主语是前面的the things ，此题要填谓语动词，由于主语和谓语之间有一个定语从句，造成了句子的复杂性。意义为“……有明确的意义”。
11. D 从意义上判断，“如果我们不注重内含，满足表面的东西，迟早会发现我们将一无所获”。
12. C 从句子的连接上分析有“因果”关系。
13. C 从意义上判断，“除非我们意识到这点并做某些改变，否则的话……”。
14. B 从意义上判断，“更注重内含是一个人进步（成熟）的象征”。
15. D 根据句子结构判断，应该用系动词。
六． 阅读
72．C 主旨概括题。文章通过列举数据的方式谈了吃鱼对人的身体健康所产生的影响。
73．C推理判断题。从第三段“But previous research has shown that the level of heart disease is lower
in cultures that consume more fish than Americans do”可知C项为正确答案。
74．B 词义推断题。从最后一段可知：在近20年里，78%的人死于心脏病。死亡率最低的是那些有规律吃鱼的人群，他们甚至比日本人及爱斯基摩人更低。结合上下文不难推断出“这种关系”是指有规律吃鱼和心脏病发病率的关系。
75．C 推理判断题。通读全文不难看出作者至少是一位支持健康饮食的人
七． 基础写作
The secret of success (The key to success) is not money but a strong will. A great man is one who has a strong will and an indomitable spirit. In other words, if a man does not have a strong will to win (get) the final victory, he will never succeed in his life. He is no more than a failure.
It is quite obvious that there is no difficult thing (nothing difficult) in the world. if you make up your mind to do it, you will certainly accomplish your end. That stands to reason.
八． 任务型写作
Study hard and enjoy yourselves
The author highlights the effect of work on people’s health, because it can rid one of loneliness, and make one feel fruitful and proud of himself, which always contributes to a good body.
In common with the author, I agree that the harder you work, the happier you will be, as hard work can keep a person busy, and gives one a sense of achievement, hence he will be self-confident and feel happy.
Around me, some of my classmates work very hard, hoping to fulfill their dream. However, they don’t seem unhappy. Oppositely, they try to find fun even under the pressure of the NMET. For example, they may share the joy with others when working out a problem. Sometimes they may play a trick on his partner using the newly-learned idioms, thus refresh themselves quickly.
As for me, I think only when we truly experience what fun it is, can we spare no effort to study hard and meanwhile enjoy ourselves.
辅导5
一． 短语
go 词组
1. Please don't go _____ _____ it till you've seen me again.
2. He has been in this class only a few weeks and he is already going _____.
3. Many years have gone _____ since we first met. 4. The parade （游行）went _____
us.
5. The crocodile went _____ under the water. 6.
Let's go _____ by the lift (elevator).
7. The war went _____ until 1918.
8. If you never read the newspapers, you'll never know what's going ______ in
the world.
9. After he had given an account （说明）of the difficulties he
went _____ to suggest ways of overcoming them.
10. They went _____ _____ their open-air performance in spite of
the rain.
11. Put more wood on the fire, otherwise it will go _____.
12. The mechanic（技师）went _____ the engine but found nothing wrong.
13. They went _____ their lessons together at night.
14. The bullet（子弹）went _____ the wall.
15. The police went _____ very room of the building.
16. 去钓鱼
17. 去买东西
18. 去游泳
19. 回家
20. 出去散步
21. 入睡
22. 全力以赴
23. 上大学
24. 去医院
25. 上学
26. 上床睡觉
27. 去电影院看电影
二． 语法
| 名词性从句 | 主语从句 | That/whether/8w,how |
| 宾语从句 | That/whether,if/8w,how | |
| 表语从句 | That/whether/8w,how/as if, because | |
| 同位语从句 | That/whether/8w,how | |
| 注：that/as if(从属连词)引导完整陈述句（无疑问）；whether/if（从属连词）引导完整陈述句（表一般疑问）；who,whom,whose,which,what（连接代词）既起连接作用，本身又做从句的主语、宾语、表语或定语；when,where,why,how(连接副词)既起连接作用，本身又做从句的状语。从句的语序为陈述句语序。 | ||
一． 主语从句
1. 用it 作形式主语的结构
(1) It is ＋ 名词 ＋ 从句
It is a fact that … 事实是…
It is an honor that …非常荣幸
It is common knowledge that …是常识
(2) It is ＋ 形容词 ＋ 从句
It is natural that… 很自然…
It is strange that… 奇怪的是…
(3) It is ＋ 不及物动词 ＋ 从句
It seems that… 似乎…
It happened that… 碰巧…
It appears that… 似乎…
(4) It ＋ 过去分词 ＋ 从句
It is reported that… 据报道…
It has been proved that… 已证实…
It is said that… 据说…
2. what 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别
what 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语．宾语．表语，而that 则不然。
例如： 1) What you said yesterday is right. 2) That she is still alive is a consolation
Practice:
1．我们在哪里开会毫无区别。
2．碰巧我那天外出了。
3．她是否来这无关紧要。
4．毫无疑问她考试成绩会很好。
5．很遗憾我们不能去。
6．据说格林先生已经到了北京。
7．Alice似乎不来参加晚会。
8．难怪他想把车子卖掉.
9．想不想发财那就要看你了.
10. 他过去所做的一切现在对我们造成很大的伤害。
三． 句型 : There be 句型 (1)
现在有 there is/are … / 过去有 there was/were…
将来有 there will be…； there is /are going to be...
现在已经有 there has/have been…
可能有 there might be...
肯定有 there must be …/there must have been...
过去一直有 there used to be …
似乎有 there seems/seem/seemed to be …
碰巧有 there happen/happens/happened to be …
1． 今晚没有会。
2． 这个村子过去只有一口井。
3． 这个学校有一名音乐老师和一名美术老师。
4． 客人当中有两名美国人和两名法国人。
5． 天气预报说下午有大风。
6． 灯亮着，办公室里肯定有人。
7． 战前这儿一直有家电影院的。
8． 恰好那时房里没人。
四． 听力
| What the woman thinks of cities | 16__________________ |
| Where the woman likes to live | American farms |
| Where farmers in many countries live | 17__________________ |
| Where American farmers live | Their own fields |
| What kind of life American farmers live | 18_________________ |
| What American farmers do on weekends | 19_________________ on Saturdays and 20_______________ on Sundays |
五． 完型填空
There were two lazy men who 21 did any work at all. They used to spend the whole day sitting in the sun sleeping 22 talking about what they would do when they were rich. Many years went by in this way and the two men remained poor. One summer day as they were sitting 23 on a bench in the sunshine, one of the men jumped 24 his feet without warning and exclaimed（大声喊）, “We can’t go on 25 this. We’ve got to do something to make some money.”
“ 26 for example?” asked his friend in a tiresome voice.
“We’ll go to the mountains and 27 snails,” said the first man.
The second man didn’t want to go out at first. But in the end his friend 28 him. They each took a bucket and set 29 for the mountains. They walked very slowly. When they reached the hill, they looked as if it might have a lot of snails on it. The first man said, “Let’s work 30 . I’ll go up this side with my bucket, and you go up the other side with yours, we’ll meet at the top.”
They worked all day and in the evening they met on top of the hill. “How many did you get?” asked the first man. “Two,” said the second man. “I already got three, but one got away.”
21. A. always B. seldom C. often D. never
22. A. or B. and C. but D. with
23. A. calmly B. quietly C. nervously D. nearly
24. A. up B. down C. off D. to
25. A. as B. like C. with D. about
26. A. How B. However C. What D. Whatever
27. A. catch B. take C. get D. fetch
28. A. advised B. made C. persuaded D. forced
29. A. up B. off C. down D. about
30. A. lonely B. together C. happily D. separately
六． 阅读
April 27 is Take Our Daughters to Work Day in Britain. Started at first in the Unite States and brought to Britain in 1994, Take Our Daughters to Work Day has become a special day for girls between 11 and 15. On that day thousands of girls take a day off school and go together with one of their parents to their work places. The purpose of this day is to broaden girls’ horizons and raise their self-confidence.
For many years people have thought that boys can do better than girls in society. But actually, “girls can be whatever they want to be just like boys, whether it is a pilot, a nurse or a chief executive,” says the chairman of the Our Sons and Daughters Charitable Trust, an organization which supported the activity of the Day. “Now the girls have a close look at what their parents are doing and this may help them to be more self-confident when they are faced with a choice of work.”
Schools and many companies support the activity too. Palmers’ Green High School for girls, in north London, has made the day necessary part of careers education.
Zarina Bart, 15, from Palmers’ Green, went with her mother to her Lawyer’s office this year’s Take Our Daughters to Work Day. She found it interesting to see her mother at work. “It’s really strange seeing Mum at work--- running around, getting serious and telling people what to do.” She has always liked this idea of going into law and thinks it likely that she will follow in her mother’s footsteps. Having a chance to see how her mother works has given her more self-confidence.
Experts believe that girls with higher self-confidence aim higher and are more likely to be successful in life. Parents have most important effect on the confidence of teenage girls. If parents believe in their daughters and show examples both at work as well as at home for them, this will give a lot of help to girls. Take Our Daughters to Work Day is surely a step in the right direction.
41. Which is the best title of this passage?
A. Raising Self-confidence B. Take Our Daughters to Work Day
C. Girls can be Excellent too! D. Following Footsteps
42. It can be inferred from paragraph 2 that __________.
D. Women pilots are popular in Britain B. Girls are sure about their future jobs
C. People have wrongly believed that girls can do as well as boys
D. For many years boys have a comparatively wider choice of work
43. According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE ?
E. Take Our Daughters to Work Day is British in origin.
F. On Take Our Daughters to Work Day, children are taken to their parents’ work places.
G. Palmers’ Green High School for girls favors Take Our Daughters to Work Day.
H. Parents always show good examples for their children both at work and at home.
44. After her experience on Take Our Daughters to Work Day, Zarina felt __________.
I. confident about her study B. strange to work in a lawyer’s office
C. sure about what to choose as her future career D. interested in following in her father’s footsteps
45. The writer’s attitude towards Take Our Daughters to Work Day is __________.
A. favorable B. unclear C. critical D. not sure
七． 基础写作
PERSEVERANCE 毅力／坚忍
只有毅力才能引导人迈向成功之途。换句话说，一个具有毅力的人做工作终是(never...without)会把它做成功的。这真是不易之定理也。
我们国父孙中山先生是一个最理想的例了.致力国民革命四十年。他遭遇到许多次的失败，但是他决不灰心。结果，他赢了。中华民国诞生了。
八． 任务型写作
阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。
There are two factors which determine an individual’s intelligence. The first is sort of brain he is born with. Human brains differ considerable, some being more capable than others. But no matter how good a brain he has to begin with, an individual will have a low intelligence unless he has opportunities to learn. So the second factor is what happens to the individual—the sort of the environment in which he is brought up. If an individual is handicapped(受阻碍) environmentally, it is likely that his brain will stop to develop and he will never attain the level of intelligence of which he is capable.
The importance of environment in determining an individual’s intelligence can be proved by the identical twins, Peter and John. When the twins were three months old, their parents died, and they were placed in separate foster(寄养) homes. Peter was reared by parents of low intelligence in an isolated community with poor educational opportunities. John, however, was educated in the home well-to-do parents who had been to college. This environmental difference continued until the twins were in their late teens, when they were given tests to measure their intelligence. John’s IQ was 125, twenty-five points higher than the average and fully forty points higher than his brother.
[写作内容]
1)以约30个词概括短文的要点；
2)然后以约120个词就“环境与人的智力发展”的主题发表看法，并包括如下要点：
a)你是否赞同“环境决定智力的发展”这一观点？为什么？
b)请举出具体事例说明你的观点；
c)你认为如何才能最大限度地发展智力？
[写作指导]
(1)扼要概括：找出并转述议论文的基本要素。
| 论点—观点 | The importance of environment in determining an individual’s intelligence |
| 论证—理由 | If an individual is handicapped environmentally, it is likely that his brain will stop to develop and he will never attain the level of intelligence of which he is capable. |
| 论据—事例 | the identical twins brought up in separate environment. |
(2)确立观点，实施论证：首先要定好自己的观点，然后也可以按上面的表格去构思。现以“环境决定人的智力发展”这一观点为例：
| 论点—观点 | Environment is a key factor to the development of a person’s intelligence |
| 论证—理由 | Environment can offer more opportunities to increase his knowledge and broaden the horizons as well as the chances to practise. |
| 论据—事例 | Zhongyong （中国古代故事--《伤仲永》） |
除了这些，要紧靠主题，从环境入手，阐述你对如何才能最大限度地发展智力的看法。
Keys:
一． 短语
1. go ahead
with继续进行,推进，前进 2. go ahead 取得进展 3. go by 时间过去 4. go by 经过
5. go down 下去，下沉
6. go down 下去 7.go
on 继续 8. go
on 发生，进行
9. go on 继续
10. go on with 继续 11. go out 灯,火熄灭 12. go over 检查 13. go over 复习
14. go through 穿过，通过 15. go
through 仔细检查，查看 16. go fishing 17. go shopping
18. go swimming 19. go home 20. go out for a walk 21. go to sleep 22. go all out 23. go to college
24. go to hospital 25. go to
school 26. go to bed 27. go to the cinema
二． 语法
Practice:
1. It makes no difference where we shall have the meeting.
2. It happened that I was out that day.
3. It doesn’t matter whether she will come or not.
4. It is certain that she will do well in her exam.
5. It’s a pity that we can’t go.
6. It is said that Mr. Green has arrived in Beijing.
7. It seems that Alice is not coming to the party at all.
8. It is no wonder that he wants to sell his car.
9. It depends on you whether you want to make a fortune.
10. What he did in the past has done great harm to us now
三． 句型 : There be 句型 (1)
1. There isn’t going to be a meeting tonight.
2. There was only a well in the village.
3. There is (are) a teacher of music and a teacher of art in the school.
4. Among the guests there were two Americans and two Frenchmen.
5. The weatherman says there’ll be a strong wind in the afternoon.
6. The light is on. There must be someone in the office.
7. There used to be a cinema here before the war.
8. There happened to be nobody in the room.
四． 听力 16. All similar 17. Villages or towns 18. Quiet 19. Go shopping 20. go to chuch
五. 完型填空 21-25: DABDB 26-30: CACBD
六. 阅读
41. B 文章主要介绍了Take Our Daughters to Work Day这一天的来源、做法、效果以及人们对这一做法的评论。选项A 所指太泛，没有点出中心；选项C Girls can be Excellent too!应该写女孩在方方面面都能胜过男孩，本文显然不是；选项D离题太远。
42. D 由第二段For many years people have thought that boys can do better than girls in society. But actually, “girls can be whatever they want to be just like boys…”可以推断出由于社会对男性能力的肯定，男孩一直以来在择业方面顾虑比女孩少些，同时有着更大的选择空间。从help them to be more self-confident when they are faced with a choice of work这句得知，女孩在择业时信心是有待提升的，所以选项B不对；选项C与原文不符。
43. C 从第三段可以得知该学校支持该活动，并作为学校职业教育的一部分。选项A，该节日应该起源于美国；选项B，不是所有儿童，而是11至15岁的女孩；选项D的说法太绝对。
44. C Zarina一直都对法律有兴趣，经过此事后更增强了对选择这一职业的信心。选项A，文章侧重的是以后的就业选择，不是指现在的学习；选项B曲解了原文的It’s really strange seeing Mum at work；选项D说法与原文不符。
45. A 由最后一句Take Our Daughters to Work Day is surely a step in the right direction.可看出作者对该节日是肯定的、支持的。
七. 基础写作
Generally speaking, nothing but perseverance can lead a man to the way of success. In other words, a persevering man never does his work without succeeding in it. This is indeed unchangeable truth.
Our National Father, Dr. Sun Zhong Shan, is the most ideal example. He devoted himself to the revolution about forty years. He met with many failures, but he never lost heart. As a result, he won. The Republic of China was born.
八. 任务型写作
How to fully develop our intelligence?
The writer argues in support of the importance of environment in terms of the development of a person’s intelligence by giving an example of a twin brothers, who were brought up in different environment.
Personally, I believe environment is crucial to an individual intelligence, as a good environment can offer more opportunities to increase his knowledge and broaden the horizons as well as the chances to practise.
There was such a famous example in Chinese history. Zhongyong, born with a high IQ, distinguished himself by reciting and even writing poems as a child, which astonished others. Unfortunately, his father didn’t offer him a good environment to foster him but instead, he often took him everywhere to show off his intelligence. Gradually, Zhongyong became an ordinary person.
Thus, I think we, including our parents, our teacher, even the whole society, should try to create a good environment for the children to fully develop their intelligence, and for the children, they should also learn to exploit everything available to develop themselves.
辅导6
一． 短语
have 词组
1. Class is over. let's _______ _____ _____ （休息一下）.
2. I've got _____ _____ （咳嗽）.
3. Dad and I had _____ _____ _____ _____ （对...笑了一个够） that.
4. They are having _____ _____ _____（玩得高兴）. 5. He stopped to have
_____ _____（看了一看）.
6. We are going to have _____ ______ _____ ______（举行一场乒乓球比赛）tomorrow
afternoon.
7. Are we going to have _____ _____ （开会）this week?
8. Here is a
tree. Let me have ______ ______（休息）?
9. Are you going to have _____ _____（游泳）？ 10. We'll have
_____ _____（进行测验）tomorrow?
11. Where is Peter? I want to have _____ _____ _____（跟他说句话） him.
12. Does she ________ _____ （吃午饭）at home.
13. Then it has _____ _____ _____ _____（没有别的选择） lie down and
sleep.
14. He knew about the order, he knew why the soldiers were there, but he would
have _____ _____（根本不理睬） it.
15. We have _____ _____（上四节课） in the morning and two
in the afternoon.
16. Most of his questions have _____ _____ ______ _____（与...无关） his lessons.
17. I noticed that he had bedroom slippers _____ （穿着）.
18. Please come here and have _____ _____（坐我的座）, Granny.
19. He hasn't had _____ _____（吃药）. 20. At three fifty in the
afternoon we have _____（进行体育运动）.
二． 语法
宾语从句
1．Everybody could see what happened and that Tom was frightened.(and连接两个宾语从句，that宾语从句放在and的后面时，that不能省略。)
2．如果宾语从句后还有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置。如：
我们认为小王昨天没来是挺奇怪的。(翻译)
He has made it clear that he will not give in. 他已表明他不会屈服。
3．某些形容词或过去分词后可接宾语从句，这类形容词或过去分词有sure, glad, certain, pleased, happy, afraid, surprised, satisfied等，连词that可省略。如：
I am not sure what I ought to do. 我不能确定我该做什么。
恐怕你没领会我说的意思。(翻译)
I'm surprised that I didn't see all that before. 我好奇怪，我以前没看到过。
Mother was very pleased her daughter had passed the exams. 妈妈为她的女儿通过了考试而感到高兴。
4．宾语从句的否定转移。在think, believe, suppose, expect等动词后的宾语从句，有时谓语尽管是否定意思，却不用否定形式，而将think等动词变为否定形式。如：I don’t believe they have finished their work yet. 我相信他们还未完成他们的工作。
5．在一些表示“建议、劝说、命令”的动词后面的宾语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气。should+动词原形表示，should可省略。如：
我建议政府应该尽快采取措施来解决这个问题。(翻译)
我们经理坚持每个员工都要准时参加会议。(翻译)
表语从句
1. 用as if 可引导表语从句.
看起来天要下雨了。(翻译)
2．连词because可引导表语从句。如：
I think it is because you are doing too much. 我想这是因为你做得太多。
3．在一些表示“建议、劝说、命令”的名词后面的表语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气。should+动词原形表示，should可省略。如：
我的建议是我们明天一早就出发。(翻译)
三． 句型
1. There be 句型 (2)
1). 错：There were many people attended the lecture.
2). 错：Our school has many students dislike learning English.
3)．有许多工厂直接把废水排到河里面，使河水受到严重的污染。
4). 办公室有很多工作要完成.
5). 有些楼房在那场大火中被烧毁了.
6). 我们家有两个是当老师的.
7). 有人建议明天去参观长城.
2. It is essential/necessary that... (should) do… 有必要……。 [主语从句使用虚拟语气]
8). 有必要采取有效的措施来保障我们的公民权利。
3. It is important that...(should) do… …是很重要的。 [主语从句使用虚拟语气]
9). 在事情变得不能挽回之前采取一些行动是很重要的。
4．It is suggested that…(should) do… 有建议说… [主语从句使用虚拟语气]
10) 有建议说工人的工资要适当地提高.
四． 听力
About the seas and oceans
| Formation of seas | As the earth cooled down, steam in the air began to 16____________ as rain and made the first seas on the earth. |
| Four oceans | There are four oceans on the earth. The 17___________ is the Arctic Ocean. |
| Living things in the oceans | There are more than 18____________ kinds of fish and other animals in the oceans. Most of them live in the surface waters because there is 19_____________ there. Sea lions can live in the oceans or 20___________. |
五． 完型填空
I was walking down the road one day when my cellphone rang. I heard a little girl on the other end (21)______ , “Dad, please come back soon. I miss you so much!” Because I just have a little son, I knew it was a wrong number, so I rudely (22)________, “ You’ve dialed the wrong number!” and then hung up.
Then one day she continually called me, (23)______ I didn’t answer. In the end, I answered the phone and heard a torpid(有气无力的)voice, “ Dad, please come back. I miss you so much! Dad, I’m in so much pain!” Mom said you were too busy to take (24)______ of me. But ,Dad, Please kiss me again, OK?” The kind of request was difficult to reject. I made a loud kiss on the phone and heard the (25)_______ voice say, “Thank you, Dad, I am so happy .”
Shortly after this, I became curious about who had been on the other end of my phone. So I called back, and a woman answered , “ sorry , sir. I am really sorry to have (26)________ you. My daughter has suffered from bone cancer since she was born. And her father died in an accident last week. I (27)_______ not tell her the news, Poor baby, when she couldn’t (28)________ the pain, she would cry for her dad, who had always (29)_________ her , I really couldn’t bear it , so I gave her a random phone number.”
“How is your daughter now?” I couldn’t wait to ask. “ She has (30)______. You must have kissed her on the phone, because she went with a smile,” she said, “ and I’m glad that she gets rid of the pain and stays with her father forever,” I couldn’t keep my tears back.
21．A. shout B. cry C. scream D. call
22. A. replied B. returned C. announced D. questioned
23. A. even if B. as if C. in case D. now that
24. A. charge B. control C. notice D. care
25. A. sweet B. deep C. loud D. weak
26. A. confused B. bothered C, displeased D. sought
27. A. must B. dare C. need D. should
28. A. stand B. prepare C. calm D. master
29. A. encouraged B. persuaded C. excited D. delighted
30. A. recovered B. missed C. lost D. gone
六． 阅读
Do you want to live with a strong sense of peacefulness, happiness, goodness, and self- respect? The collection of happiness actions broadly categorized as "honor" help you create this life of good feelings.
Here's an example to show how honorable actions create happiness.
Say a store clerk fails to charge us for an item. If we keep silent, and profit from the clerk's mistake, we would drive home with a sense of sneaky excitement. Later we might tell our family or friends about our good fortune. On the other hand, if we tell the clerk about the uncharged item, the clerk would be grateful and thank us for our honesty. We would leave the store with a quiet sense of honor that we might never share with another soul.
Then, what is it to do with our sense of happiness?
In the first case, where we don't tell the clerk, a couple of things would happen. Deep down inside we would know ourselves as a type of thief. In the process, we would lose some peace of mind and self-respect. We would also demonstrate that we cannot lie trusted, since we advertise our dishonor by telling our family and friends. We damage our own reputations by telling others. In contrast, bringing the error to the clerk's attention causes different things to happen. Immediately the clerk knows us to be honorable. Upon leaving the store, we feel honorable and our self-respect is increased. Whenever we take honorable action we gain the deep internal rewards of goodness and a sense of nobility.
There is a beautiful positive cycle that is created by living a life of honorable actions. Honorable thoughts lead to honorable actions. Honorable actions lead us to a happier existence. And it's easy to think and act honorably again when we're happy. While the positive cycle can be difficult to start, once it's started, it's easy to continue. Keeping on doing good deeds brings us peace of mind, which is important for our happiness.
46. According to the passage, the positive action in the example contributes to our
A. self-respect B. financial rewards C. advertising ability D. friendly relationship
47. The author thinks that keeping silent about the uncharged item is equal to___.
A. lying B. stealing C. cheating D. advertising
48. The phrase "bringing the error to the clerk's attention" (in para. 5) means___.
A. telling the truth to the clerk B. offering advice to the clerk
C. asking the clerk to be more attentive D. reminding the clerk of the charged item
49. How will we feel if we let the clerk know her mistake?
A. We'll be very excited. B. We'll feel unfortunate.
C. We'll have a sense of honor. D. We'll feel sorry for the clerk.
50. Which of the following can be the best title of this passage.*
A. How to Live Truthfully B. Importance of Peacefulness
C. Ways of Gaining Self-respect D. Happiness through Honorable Actions
七． 基础写作
THRIFT 节俭
没有一个节俭的人迟早不成为一个富翁。为什么？因为他决不花那种不必要的钱。渐渐他的钱就会聚积起来。时机一到，他一定会发财的。
我不喜欢那种乱花钱的人。他们不知道奢侈是一件坏事。它只能够使他们暂时快乐而已。总而言之，节俭使穷人变富，奢侈使富人变穷。
八． 任务型写作
阅读下面的短文，然后按要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。
Years ago it was very difficult to travel from one place to another. The journeys were often long, tiring and dangerous. Today the picture has changed. Science has improved transportation and communication facilities a great deal. Traveling has become safer, more enjoyable and above all, more economical.
Traveling—whether within one’s country or abroad—brings many invaluable benefits. People travel for pleasure, business or for education and knowledge. In the world of yesterday most people were only able to read about strange and fascinating places across the mountains and seas. Later, with the coming of the cinema and television, man’s curiosity about faraway places with strange sounding names was further stirred up. Today man’s curiosity can be satisfied in luxurious comfort. There are first-class ships and airplanes to take him where his dreams lie.
We travel to increase our knowledge of the world in which we live. Knowledge obtained from books alone is not enough. New knowledge of different lands and peoples enrich our mind and soul. Books generally do not give us a very true picture of lands beyond our shores. Some of them are even misleading.
[写作内容]
1)以约30个词概括短文的要点；
2)然后以约120个词就“现代交通的利与弊”的主题发表看法，并包括如下要点：
a)通过古今对比说明现代交通给我们带来的好处；
b)现代交通方式给我们带来的负面影响；
c)就如何消除这些负面影响提出你的建议。
[写作指导]
(1)写摘要：首先，找准主题句，①Science has improved transportation and communication facilities a great deal. Traveling has become safer, more enjoyable and above all, more economical.(第一段最后两句) ②论点：Traveling brings many invaluable benefits.(第二段第一句)；论据是：People travel for pleasure, business or for education and knowledge. (第二段第二句) We travel to increase our knowledge of the world. (第三段第一句)。然后，用一两句自己的话把他们有机地联系起来。
(2)列要点：根据要点列提纲，表达个人看法。
Para. 2: advantages—In the past…. But now…
disadvantages—air pollution, traffic jams, lack of energy…
Para. 3: suggestions—a) make rules b) use bicycles instead of cars
(3)扩展成句，连句成文：①使用句子连接。如，用I can’t agree more.把摘要和个人看法联接起来。②使用连词或连接性副词。如：a)also b) Firstly…. Secondly… c) To begin with… What’s more /Besides /Moreover… Last but not least …
Keys:
一． 短语
1. have a
break 2. a cough 3. a good laugh over 4. a good time 5. a look
6. a table tennis match 7. a
meeting 8. a rest 9. a swim 10. a test
11. a word with 12. have
lunch 13. no choice but
to 14. none of 15. four lessons
16. nothing to do with 17.
on 18. my seat 19. any medicine 20. sports
二． 语法
宾语从句
We thought it strange that Xiao Wang did not come yesterday.
I'm afraid you don't understand what I said.
I suggest that the government (should) take measures to solve this problem as soon as possible.
Our manager insisted that every clerk (should) attend the meeting on time.
表语从句
It looked as if it was going to rain.
My suggestion is that we (should) start early tomorrow
三． 句型
1). 正确: There were many people attending the lecture
正确：Many people attended the lecture.
2). 正确: Many students in our school dislike learning English.
正确: In our school there are many students who dislike learning English.
3). There are many factories piping waste water directly into the rivers, making the waters of the rivers seriously polluted.
There are many factories which pipe waste water directly into the rivers, which makes the waters of the rivers seriously polluted.
Many factories pipe waste water directly into the rivers, making the waters of the rivers seriously polluted.
Many factories pipe waste water directly into the rivers, which makes the waters of the rivers seriously polluted.
4). There is a lot of work to finish in the office. / There is a lot of work to be finished in the office.
5). There were some buildings burnt down in that big fire. / Some buildings were burnt down in that big fire.
There were some buildings which were burnt down in that big fire.
6). There are two in our family working as teachers. / There are two in our family who work as teachers.
7). It is suggested that we should go to visit the Great Wall tomorrow.
Someone has suggested us going to visit the Great Wall tomorrow.
8). It is essential/necessary that effective measures be taken to protect our civil rights.
9). It is
important that something be done before it's too late.
10) It is suggested that the workers’ payment (should) be increased properly.
四．听力 16. fall down 17. smallest 18. 275,000 19. enough food 20. on land
五． 完型填空 21---25 BAADD 26----30 BBAAD
六． 阅读 46-50: ABACD
七． 基础写作
There is not a thrifty man who will not become a rich man sooner or later. Why? Because he will not spend such money as is unnecessary. Little by little his money will be saved. Ten to one, he is sure to make a fortune.
I do not like such men as spend their money in a wrong way. They do not know extravagance is a bad thing. It can only make them happy for a short time. In short, thrift makes poor men rich and extravagance makes rich men poor.
八． 任务型写作
On Modern Transportation
With the help of science, transportation makes traveling safer and easier, which brings lots of benefits like satisfying man’s curiosity and increasing man’s knowledge of the world.
I can’t agree more. As the legend goes: To carry the news of the Greek victory, Pheidippides, a professional runner, had to run 42 kilometers without stopping. He dropped dead of exhaustion after shouting, “Rejoice, we conquer!” That happened in 490BC, but now it’s easy for us to cover this distance by car. With the help of modern transportation, we can go everywhere we prefer to. Even the journey to outer space is not a dream any more.
Despite the obvious advantages of modern transportation, it has also created many negative effects such as air pollution, traffic jams and lack of energy. To solve the problems, in my mind, there are two ways. On one hand, rules should be made for drivers to follow. On the other hand, if possible, we’d better use bicycles instead of cars to save energy as well as easing traffic jams.
辅导7
一． 短语
keep 词组
1. I would have been here sooner, but the rainstorm kept me _____.
2. Every week there was a rebellion somewhere, and the Austrian soldiers were
kept _____ hurrying from one town to another in order to put down the
rebellions.
3. While Leonov was outside the ship, he kept _____ _____ by telephone
_____ his companion and with the earth.
4. He kept _____ telling us the same story over and over.
5. You may depend _____ his doing what he says, for he is a person who always
keeps _____ _____.
6. Danger! Keep ______!
7. Will this overcoat keep the rain _____?
8. It is also bad manners to keep _____ when the teacher asks you a question.
9. The rain kept _____ all night.
10. I see you are getting along well with your English studies. Keep
_____ the good work.
11. The good news keeps our spirits _____. 12. He walked so fast that I could
hardly keep _____ _____ him.
13. Every few hundred meters along the wall there are watch-towers, where
soldiers used to keep _____.
二． 语法
同位语从句
（1）同位语从句的先行词多为fact, news, idea, thought, question, reply, report, remark等，关联词多用从属连词that。如：
They were all very much worried over the fact that you were sick.
对你生病这件事，他们都很焦虑。
Where did you get the idea that I could not come?你在哪儿听说我不能来？
德国已对俄国宣战的消息一大早就传来了。
毫无疑问她肯定会通过这次期末考试.
（2）某些同位语从句由连接代词who, which, what，连接副词where, when, why, how或whether引导。如：
I have no idea whether he’ll come or not. 我不知道他是否来。
The question who should do the work requires consideration.
谁该干这项工作，这个问题需要考虑。
We haven't yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.
到哪儿去度暑假，这个问题我们还没有决定。
注：
1．that引导的同位语从句与定语从句之区别
句法功能上
同位语从句中that只起连接从句的作用，无意义。在从句中不充当句子成分。不可省。
定语从句中that替代先行词在从句中不仅起连接作用，还充当一个句子成分。如在从句中作动词的宾语时可省略。
意义上
同位语从句是被修饰名词的内容。
定语从句起限定作用，是定语
如：The news that Mr. Li will be our new English teacher is true. (同位语从句，that不可省。)
李先生将是我们的新英语老师这个消息是真的。
The news (that) he told me yesterday is true. (定语从句，that在从句中作told的宾语，可省。)
他昨天告诉我的消息是真的。
2．一些表示“建议、命令、要求”的名词后所跟的同位语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气should+动词原形表示。should可省。如：
这就是我们唯一的请求：尽快解决这个问题。
三． 句型
1. 最使父亲感到满意的是他及格了.(what satisfied his father most was.../ to his father's great satisfaction)
2. The reason why……is that……
王先生昨天之所以没来参加会议是因为他得了重病.
3. Not until...did... 直到……才……。 [倒装句型]
直到我开始工作，我才意识到我已蹉跎了很多岁月。
4. It was not until…that... 直到……才……。
我直到昨天才收到你的来信。
5. No matter what... …无论什么……。
不论发生什么事，都不会让我改变主意。
6. If (it is)
possible, ... 可能的话……。
若可能，我想明天见你。
7. As long as...只要…。
只要我们一起努力，我们就能把不可能变为可能。
四． 听力
Trip to Camden Town
| How to Get There | Distance | |
| Tom | 16___________ or on foot | 17____________ stops |
| Anna | By 18________________ | 19____________ stops (from Court Road) |
| Meeting Place: Camden Town Station; Meeting Time: 20_____________ | ||
五． 语法填空
Thirteen-year-old Andrew will never forget that Saturday. He was relaxing on his family’s sofa with his sister, Susan. Suddenly the heater exploded. His sister, who was unhurt, managed to pull 16 away from the fire 17 his mum dialed for an ambulance. 18 ambulance soon arrived and rushed him to Children’s Hospital, 19 he was operated on immediately.
Doctors told his mum there was little chance of Andrew being able to walk again. The damage to his body was so bad and the cuts in his legs so deep that the 20 (operate) took 11 hours. After a couple of weeks, he 21 (allow) to go home but had to spend the next six weeks in a wheelchair. 22 the help of his doctor, this brave young boy returned to school after only two and a half months. 23 (look) back on the accident, Andrew says he believes children can do 24 they want 25 they put their mind to it.
六． 阅读
Malaria, the world's most widespread parasitic(寄生虫引起的) disease, kills as many as three million people every year—almost all of whom are under five, very poor, and African. In most years, more than five hundred million cases of illness result from the disease, although exact numbers are difficult to assess because many people don't (or can't) seek care. It is not unusual for a family earning less than two hundred dollars a year to spend a quarter of its income on malaria treatment, and what they often get no longer works. In countries like Tanzania, Mozambique, and the Gambia, no family, village, hospital, or workplace can remain unaffected for long.
Malaria starts suddenly, with violent chills, which are soon followed by an intense fever and, often, headaches. As the parasites multiply, they take over the entire body. Malaria parasites live by eating the red blood cells they infect (感染). They can also attach themselves to blood vessels in the brain. If it doesn't kill you, malaria can happen again and again for years. The disease passed on to humans by female mosquitoes infected with one of four species of parasite. Together, the mosquito and the parasite are the most deadly couple in the history of the earth—and one of the most successful. Malaria has five thousand genes, and its ability to change rapidly to defend itself and resist new drugs has made it nearly impossible to control. Studies show that mosquitoes are passing on the virus more frequently, and there are more outbreaks in cities with large populations. Some of the disease's spread is due to global warming.
For decades, the first-choice treatment for malaria parasites in Africa has been chloroquine, a chemical which is very cheap and easy to make. Unfortunately, in most parts of the world, malaria parasites have become resistant to it. Successful alternatives that help prevent resistance are already available, but they have been in short supply and are very expensive. If these drugs should fail, nobody knows what would come next.
51. According to paragraph 1, many people don't seek care because___.
A. they are too poor B. it is unusual to seek care
C. they can remain unaffected for long D. there are too many people suffering from the disease
52. People suffering from malaria___.
A. have to kill female mosquitoes B. have ability to defend parasites
C. have their red blood cells infected D. have sudden fever, followed by chills
53. Which of the following may be the reason for the wide spread of the disease?
A. Its resistance to global warming. B. Its ability to pass on the virus frequently.
C. Its outbreaks in cities with large populations. D. Its ability to defend itself and resist new drugs.
54. It can be inferred from the passage that___.
A. no drugs have been found to treat the disease
B. the alternative treatment is not easily available to most people
C. malaria has developed its ability to resist parasites
D. nobody knows what will be the drug to treat the disease
55. Which of the following questions has NOT been discussed in the passage?
A. How can we know one is suffering from malaria?
B. How many people are killed by malaria each year?
C. Why are there so many people suffering from malaria7
D. What has been done to keep people unaffected for long7
七． 基础写作
CHOOSING FRIENDS 选择朋友
一个小心选择朋友的人一定会从他们那里获得益处。为什么？因为在这个世界里假朋友比真朋友要多。有一个真朋友要比有一百个假朋友来得好。凡是当面奉承你的朋友不是真朋友。
我们必须和凡是具有良好品格和心地善良的人交朋友。反过来说，我们应尽力避免结交坏人。
八． 任务型写作
阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。
About forty years ago, I was an instructor in the military college at Woolwich, when young Scoresby was given his first examination. I felt extremely sorry for him. Everybody answered the questions well, intelligently, while he did not know anything, so to speak. He was a nice, pleasant young man. It was painful to see him stand there and give answers that were wonders of stupidity.
I knew of course that when examined again he would fail and be thrown out. So, I said to myself, it would be a simple, harmless act to help him as much as I could.
I took him aside and found he knew a little about Julius Cesar’s history. But he did not know anything else. So, I tested him and worked him like a slave. I made him work, over and over again, on a few questions about, which I knew he would be asked.
He came through very well on the day of the examination. He got high praise too, while others who knew a thousand more than he were sharply criticized!
I thought that what in the end would destroy him would be the mathematics examination. I decided to make his end as painless as possible. So, I pushed facts into his stupid head for hours. Finally, however, I was shocked out of my mind. He took the first prize! And he got the highest praise.
[写作内容]
1)以约30个词概括短文的要点；
2)然后以约120个词写一篇记叙文，描写你或你的亲友通过勤奋创造奇迹的经历，并包括如下的要点：
a)叙述你或你的亲友通过勤奋创造奇迹的一次真实或虚构的经历；
b)你或你亲友的是如何创造奇迹的； c)别人对你或你亲友的评价。
[写作要求]
(1)可以参照阅读材料的篇章结构，组织故事，但不得直接引用原文中的句子； (2)标题自定。
[评分标准]
概括准确，语言规范，内容合适，篇章连贯。
[写作指导]
(1)故事性的短文概括应围绕“什么人、发生了什么事、结局如何”来写，即阐述一个故事梗概，忌力陈细节，忌掺入个人评价。
(2)考虑概括内容与你所写故事之间的自然承接，可采用以下的承接方式：
This story reminds me of another story that happened to…
I also went through such an experience.
(3)简述相似经历，即与原阅读材料的故事一样能揭示同一主题思想而不同情节的故事。
(4)阅读原材料，不难看出作者想告诉我们只要有意志和勤奋，就会有“丑小鸭也会蜕变成天鹅”的奇迹，一切皆有可能。因此，我们可以拟定题目为Hard Work Creates Miracles。确定主题后，挑选一个类似的能说明主题思想的故事。
(5)在组织故事时，由于受篇幅的限制，我们也尽可能省去心理描写和对话等细节，用简练的语言（尽量用间接引语）把故事的过程讲清楚即可。组织故事时，可以简单列出要点，有利于我们选择短语、句型和相关的连接词语。
(6)写完故事后，应把你所写的故事和原材料的故事所揭示的主题思想用一两句话写出来, 即篇末点题。
Keys:
一． 短语
1. keep back 阻止...向前 2. keep busy doing不断地，不停地，忙着做某事
3. keep in
touch ... with 与...保持联系 4. keep on 继续不停地做某事
5. depend on 依靠，依赖 keep his words 遵守诺言 6. keep out 不得入内
7. keep ...
out 挡住，留在外面 8.
keep silent 保持沉默
9. keep up 继续 10.
keep up 保持，坚持
11. keep up 保持，不使低落 12. keep up with 跟上 13. keep watch 守望，值班，放哨
二． 语法
1. Early in the day came the news that Germany had declared war on Russia.
Early in the day word came that Germany had declared war on Russia.
2. There is no doubt that she will surely pass the final exams.
3. This is our only request that this problem (should) be settled as soon as possible.
三． 句型
1. To his father’s great satisfaction, he passed the exam.
What satisfied his father most was that he passed the exam.
2. The reason why Mr Wang didn’t came to attend the meeting is that he was badly ill.
3. Not until I began to work did I realize how much time
I had wasted.
4. It was not
until yesterday that I got your letter.
5. No matter what happens, it will not let me chang my mind.
Whatever happens will not let me chang my mind.
6. If (it is) possible, I'd like to see you tomorrow.
7. As long as we
work together, we can make the impossible possible.
四. 听力 16. By bus 17. 3 18. underground 19. 4 20. 9:30 am
五． 语法填空
16. him 17. while 18. The 19. where 20. operation 21. was allowed 22. With
23. Looking 24. whatever / what 25. if / when
六． 阅读 51-55 ACDBD
七． 基础写作
A man who is careful in choosing friends will certainly gain benefit from them. Why? Because there are more false friends than real ones in this world. To have one real friend is better than a hundred false ones. Friends who flatter you to your face are not true friends.
We must make friends with those who have good character and kindness of heart. On the other hand, we should do our best to avoid keeping company with bad people.
八． 任务型写作
Hard Work Creates Miracles
With his instructor’s help and his hard work, Scoresby, a stupid military man, did better than others in the history examination and even won the first prize in the mathematics examination!
This story reminds me of a similar experience of my cousin. He was nothing but a football fan. So you can imagine how angry and disappointed my uncle and aunt were every time the result of an exam came out! He had been the last in the list of the whole grade! Everybody around my cousin believed him hopeless. However, when he became a student of Senior Three, for some reason, he began to study very hard, or rather, day and night. In spite of the fact that he was quite often laughed at, he kept on studying. To everybody’s surprise, he was finally admitted into a famous university.
From the above two stories, we can see that nothing is impossible and that hard work creates miracles!
辅导8
一． 短语
look 词组：
1. The boy is old enough to look _____ himself. 2. He spent two weeks
in Shanghai, looking _____ the city.
3. We are looking _____ _____ hearing from you soon. 4. Join
us. Don't just look _____.
5. They all looked _____ him _____ a member of their family. 6. Look
_____! There is danger ahead.
7. I shall look _____ that I don't trust him again. 8. He looked
_____ his notes before writing the report.
9. Look _____ these photographs and try to pick out the man you see.
10. I must look _____ the time of your train. 11. A fox
came to the tree and looked _____ at the cock.
二． 语法
| 非谓语形式 | 构成 | 特征和作用 | ||||
| 时态和语态 | 否定式 | 复合结构 | ||||
| 不定式 | to do to be doing to have done | to be done to have been done | 在非谓语前加not | for sb. to do sth. | 具有名词，副词和形容词的作用, 在句中做主、宾、定、表和状语 | |
| 分词 | 现在分词 | doing having done | being done having been done | 具有副词和形容词的作用, 在句中做定、表、宾补和状语 | ||
| 过去分词 | done | |||||
| 动名词 | doing having done | being done having been done | sb’s doing | 具有名词的作用, 在句中做主、宾、定和表语 | ||
动名词(-ing)
动名词在句中的作用: 动名词在句中起着名词的作用, 可以作主语, 宾语和表语
1. 作主语:
a. Planting wheat close together is very important. b. Listening to music is a pleasure.
c. 再怎麽解释也没用，我不感兴趣。
d. 我发现吸太多烟是没有好处的。
2. 作宾语: 包括动词的宾语和介词的宾语
| 只接动名词做并于的动词或短语 | mind, miss, enjoy, imagine, practise, suggest, finish, escape, excuse, appreciate, admit, prevent, keep, dislike, avoid, risk, resist, consider | ||
| can’t help, feel like, succeed in, be fond of, object to, get down to, be engaged in, insist on, think of, be proud of, take pride in, set about, be afraid of, be tired of, look forward to, devote oneself to, be worth, be busy, pay attention to, stick to | |||
| 两者都可以 | 意义基本相同 | begin, start, like, love, hate, prefer, continue(接不定式多指具体的动作, 接动名词多指一般或习惯行为) | |
| need, want, require（接动名词主动形式表示被动意义，若接不定式则应用被动形式） | |||
| 意义相反 | stop to do 停止手中事，去做另一件事; stop doing 停止正在做的事 | ||
| 意义不同 | remember/forget/regret to do（指动作尚未发生） remember/forget/regret doing（指动作已经发生） | Go on to do（接着做另外一件事） Go on doing（接着做同一件事） | |
| try to do（设法，努力去做，尽力） try doing（试试去做，看有何结果） | Mean to do（打算做，企图做） Mean doing （意识是，意味着） | ||
| can’t help to do（不能帮忙做） can’t help doing（忍不住要做） | |||
3.作定语: a. He is in the reading room.(the room for reading)(动名词)
b. There is a sleeping boy in the room.(a boy who is sleeping)（现在分词）
4.作表语: a. His work is teaching English.（动名词） b. The news is exciting. (现在分词)
动名词的复合结构:
a. 杰克/他去那里是一个很大的错误.
b. I don’t like young people smoking./ I don’t like them smoking.
c. I don’t like young people’s smoking. / I don’t like their smoking.
d. There will be no chance for your seeing him again.
三． 句型
1. 只有这样我们才能够使我们的祖国变得更加富强起来.(Only in this way can we……)
2. 铃一响, 学生们一个接一个地走出教室.(No sooner...than/Hardly…when…)
3. 我正要打个电话, 这时电话铃响了.(be about to do…when…)
4. If I were you... I would... 如果我是你……，我就会……。
如果我是你，我就会改掉这个坏习惯。
5. If only...! 真希望……!若是……那该多好啊!
要是她接受我的邀请该多好啊1
6. 要不是他伸出援手的话, 我可能上不了大学. (But for…)
7. 昨天要不是雨下得很大的话, 我们会组织一场足球赛.
四． 听力
| Materials | A hot dog is usually made from 16___________ or it is made from beef, the meat of a cow. A vegetarian(素食的) version of a hot dog has 17______________ at all |
| Shape | The hot dog is shapped like a tube. Many people say it 18_______________ a Dachshund dog. |
| American’s favourite | Americans not only enjoy the meat in hot dogs, but also the 19____________ additions. |
| Birthpalce | Some say the city of Frankfurt-am-Main is the birthplace. Some say a _20_______________ from a German city of Coburg made it. |
五． 完型填空
With the (31) ____________ (develop) of industry, air pollution is getting more and more serious. In Beijing, many people suffer different kinds of illnesses because (32) ___________ air pollution.
Air pollution is caused by the following (33) _________: About half of the problem is caused by vehicles. There are more and more cars, buses on the roads, and they give off (34) __________ (poison) gases. 25% of air pollution is caused by factories. Another factor is the smokers. Smoking not only does harm to their health (35) __________ to others. (36) _________ these, about 10% of air pollution is caused by other reasons.
We should take some measures to fight (37) ____________ pollution. New fuel can be used to take (38) ___________ place of gas. We can plant more trees. If everybody realizes the (39) ___________(important) of environment and does something to stop pollution, the problem will (40) ____________ (solve).
六． 阅读
For a small town, Manhattan, Kansas has some big surprises. And one of them is the Holiday Inn Hotel, with rooms built around a swimming pool and a friendly family atmosphere.
The Holiday Inn is where Manhattan people often go for a special party, or a night out. A lot of them choose to eat in the brightly lit restaurant near the pool. And many of them will be served by Ellen Logan, who has worked as a waitress here for more than two years .
Ellen, like most of the waitresses, is also a student. She comes from Nebraska, but she’s planning one day to be a veterinary surgeon, and to care for small animals. But in order to support herself at college, she works twenty hours a week at the Holiday Inn.
Ellen soon learned what every waitress finds out. Your best friend has a good pair of shoes. She paid forty - five dollars for hers, much more than she would usually spend. She’s discovered something else too. You don’t have to know much about food to be a good waitress, but you do have to know a lot about people.
“A lot of business people always stay here when they come to Manhattan, ” she explains. “They like you to recognize them and remember their favorite dishes. But some couples come for a night out together. They just want to be left alone. Then there are people who can’t make up their minds. They look down the menu and say‘What do you suggest?’So I ask them how hungry they are. If they say, ‘Not very’, I suggest the salad bar, with soup, salad, bread, and a fruit plate. But if they say the’re very hungry, I suggest a Kansas Strip Steak, with potatoes or rice. You get salad and bread as well. It’s very nice. Real good value.”
Ellen may get tired feet sometimes, but at least she’s learning too much about people . She’ll probably make a good animal doctor, but if she find she doesn’t like it after all, she can always become a psychiatrist（心理医生）instead.”
56．A good title for this passage is________ .
A. Ellen Logan at the Holiday Inn B. American Holiday Inn
C. A Special Holiday Inn Hotel in Manhattan D. How to Deal with People
57．The word“a veterinary surgeon” means________.
A. an animal doctor. B. an animal trainer C. a hotel manager D. a food expert
58．From the passage we can infer that________.
A. waitresses in the Holiday Inn are all students
B. waitresses are required to buy a good pair of shoes before they go to work
C. waitresses should be familiar with the food there
D. it is more important for the waitresses to know much about people than food
59．According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true?
A. The Holiday Inn hotel is one of the big surprises in Manhattan.
B. Businessmen like to be recognized by the people and suggested what to eat.
C. The couples like to be left alone.
D. One of the reasons why people like to eat in the hotel is that it is full of a friendly atmosphere.
七． 基础写作
KNOWLEDGE IS POWER 知识就是力量
如果我们没有知识，我们就不能成功地做任何事情。为什么？因为知识就是力量。凭借知识我们征服了大自然，并且发明了轮船、火车与飞机。我们能用电报传递消息。我们能用电话和朋友谈话。
众所周知，我们学生都是国家未来的主人翁。她非常需要我们。如果我们不努力去获得知识，将来如何来报效她呢？
八． 任务型写作
阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。
EVERYONE has an experience they would rather forget. Some are embarrassing, some are moving, and some teach us a lesson. Here is a story of mine.
Last Sunday I went fishing. After setting up my fishing rod with bait, I sat down on the bank of the lake. But two hours later, I didn’t catch any fish. I got very angry and began to pack up my stuff, preparing to go back home.
Just then, I saw an old man sitting near me. To my surprise, his basket was full of fish, so I went over to him, wanting to know why. “Excuse me, but how long have you sat here?” I asked. “About four hours,” he answered. “Four hours?” I couldn’t believe my ears. “Yes. It’s very important to be patient,” the old man said. “Don’t consider fishing a tiring sport. Just enjoy it.” Suddenly, I understood what he said. I must learn to be patient. Then I sat there and waited for fish patiently. I felt a fish touch the bait, but I didn’t move and waited for the right moment to reel it in. At last, I caught it. This made me very happy. In the following six hours, I caught over 10 fish.
On my way home, I thought what had happened on the bank. I gradually realized that the secret of success was patience.
[写作内容]
1)以约30个词概括短文的要点；
2)然后以约120个词写一篇记叙文，描写你认识到耐心的重要性的一次经历，并包括如下的要点：
a)叙述你认识到耐心的重要性的一次真实或虚构的经历；
b)你是如何认识到耐心的重要性的； c)耐心对你的生活、学习有什么影响。
[写作要求]
(1)可以参照阅读材料的篇章结构组织故事，但不得直接引用原文中的句子； (2)标题自定。
[写作指导]
(1)确定体裁：阅读材料是记叙文，要求写的也是记叙文。
(2)扼要概括：概括一篇记叙文，可按记叙文的几大要素来组织。
| What(事情) | was taught a lesson by an old man |
| Who(人物) | the writer |
| When(时间) | when going fishing |
| Where(地点) | on the bank of the lake |
| What to learn(结果) | Patience is important. Patience is the secret of success. |
(3)构思经历：回想经历或编撰故事。能让你认识到耐心的重要性的经历可以是：等公共汽车、学写毛笔字、学习英语、学钢琴等。想好例子后，也可以按上面的表格去构思。现以等共汽车为例：
| What(事情) | waited for a bus |
| Who(人物) | I |
| When(时间) | when going to school |
| Where(地点) | at the bus stop |
| What to learn(结果) | Patience is important. |
除了这些，还要简单介绍耐心对你的生活、学习的影响。
Keys:
一． 短语
1. look after照顾，照料 2. look around/about四处看看，四下环顾 3. look forward to 盼望，期待
4. look on 旁观，观望 5. look on ... as
... 把...看作... 6. look out 当心，小心，留神
7. look out 警惕 8.
look through 浏览，翻阅，温习
9. look through 仔细查看
10. look up 查寻，查阅 11. look up 仰视
二． 语法
作主语: c. It is no use explaining any more, because I am not interested in it.
d. I find it no good smoking a lot.
动名词的复合结构: Jack’s / His going there was a great mistake.
三． 句型
1. Only in this way can we make our motherland become much richer and stronger.
2. No sooner had the bell rung than the students went out of their classroom one by one.
Hardly had the bell rung when the students went out of their classroom one by one.
3. I was about to make a call when the bell rang. 4. If I were you, I would get rid of this bad habit.
5. If only she would accept my invitation! 6. But for his help, I may not have gone to college.
7. If it hadn’t rained so heavily yesterday, we would have organized a football match.
四．听力: 16. pork/the meat of a pig 17. no meat 18. looks like 19. colourful and tasty 20. butcher/meat cutter
五． 完型填空: 31 development 32 of 33 reasons 34 poisonous 35 but(also)
36 Besides 37 against 38 the 39 importance 40 be solved
六． 阅读
56．A 提示：这是一道主旨大意题，通览全文，没有直接给出主旨句，所以需要自己概括。前面已经提到，本文主角是女学生Ellen，事件是她在Holiday Inn做part time job，将题目中四个选项对照，A为优选。B，C没有涉及主人公，显然不对。D项的题目更像一篇议论文的题目，没有体现本文主旨，也不对。
57．A 提示：“a veterinary surgeon”这个词出现在第三自然段，“…she planning one day to be a veterinary surgeon, and to care for small animals．”可见“to care for small animals．”即为“a veterinary surgeon”的工作.
58．D 提示：这是一道推测题，需要在理解文章的基础上。判断每个选项的真伪。第一个选项过于绝对化。文中只是说到“like most of the waitress”，而不是“all”，所以A不对。B项中“required”一词用得不准确，这只是经验，而不是要求，所以B选项不对。C项更加不对，文中有原句“You don’t have to know much about food to be a good waitress”。D项选项是正确的，文中有“…but you do have to know a lot about people．”
59．B 提示：四个选项中，A项准确，第一自然段中给了“…Manhattan, Kansas has some big surprises. And one of them is the Holiday Inn Hotel…”．C项正确，第五段中有“But some couples come for a night out together．They just want to be left alone．”D项正确，见第一段最末。B项不正确。第五段中的句子“They like you to recognize them and remember their favorite dishes”．此处的“you”不是泛指的人，而是特指“waitress”.
七． 基础写作
If we have no knowledge, we cannot succeed in doing any work. Why? Because knowledge is power. With knowledge we have conquered nature and invented steamers, trains and airplanes. We can send messages by telegram. We can talk with our friends by telephone.
As is well known, we students are the future masters of the nation. She (It) needs us very much. If we do not make efforts to acquire knowledge, how can we render service to her (it)?
八． 任务型写作
Patience
The story is about an unforgettable lesson of the writer from an old man while fishing, through which the writer realized patience was very important and that it was the secret of success.
I have a similar experience. Once I waited for the bus at the stop for 30 minutes, no bus came. I couldn’t wait any longer and decided to walk to school. But no sooner had I left than the bus arrived. I thought if I had waited for one more minute, I would have caught it. If I wanted to take the next bus, I would have to wait for another 30 minutes. Only then did I realize the importance of patience. Being impatient will waste all the efforts that we have made. Patience also plays an important part in our study and life. With it we can achieve greater.
Now, whenever I am to lose my patience, I’ll think of the experience of waiting for a bus.
辅导9
一． 短语
make 词组：
1. Bamboo is also made _____ paper. 2. Our desks and
chairs are made _____ wood.
3. The paper for books and newspapers also is made _____ wood.
4. This engine is made _____ _____ 490 parts. 5. The actor made himself _____
for the part of an old man.
6. These days many girls make _____ when they are still quite young.
7. She made _____ a good lunch from bits and pieces.
8. There isn't any little girl called Kitty here. He has just made
her _____.
9. Hard work can often make _____ for lack of intelligence.
10. Everyone should make _____ _____ _____ time.
11. But wait till you see what we'll make for you _____ your own measure.
12. I have made _____ _____ _____, and nothing you say will change
it.
13. They made _____ _____ my mistakes when I tried to speak English.
二． 语法
不定式的语法作用 (1)
1. 不定式作主语：(名词作用)
1).–ing动名词作主语时与不定式的区别：
-ing分词和动词不定式作主语的主要区别在于：在表示比较抽象的一般的多次性行为时多用-ing分词；在表示具体的或一次性的动作，特别是将来的动作时，多用不定式。如：
Smoking is forbidden here. （泛指吸烟）这里禁止吸烟。
It’s not good for you to smoke so much. （指你吸烟）吸这么多烟对你的身体不好。
2). for +sb./sth.+to do sth. 在句中可以做主语、宾语，通常用it 作形式主语或形式宾语。 如：
It’s necessary for the goods to be packed in strong cases. 货物很有必要用坚固的箱子打包。
他们认为我们要在黑暗中找到迷路的小孩是不可能的。(翻译)
句型“It is +形容词+for/of somebody+不定式”中, 形容词是修饰不定式的, 介词用for, 形容词是修饰somebody的，介词则用of, 如：
我们要在两小时之内完成工作是很难的。(翻译)
你犯这样的错误真是粗心。(翻译)
2. 不定式作表语：（形容词作用）主语是以aim,ambition,duty,hope, idea,intention,plan,purpose,suggestion等为中心词的名词词组，或以what引导的名词性分句表示，后面的不定式说明其内容，如：
My idea is to climb the mountain from the north. / Our plan is to make better use of these materials.
What I would suggest is to start work at once. / The only thing I can do now is go on studying hard.
注:–ing动名词作主语和表语时与不定式的区别：
-ing分词和动词不定式作主语和表语的主要区别在于：在表示比较抽象的一般的多次性行为时多用-ing分词；在表示具体的或一次性的动作，特别是将来的动作时，多用不定式。如：
My job is teaching. 我的工作是教书。
My job is to teach you English this term. 我这一学期的工作是教你们英语。
3. 不定式作宾语：（名词作用） 后面只能带不定式而不能带-ing分词的动词:
decide, wish, hope, promise, determine, ask, offer, mean, pretend, attempt, learn, expect, want(想要), dare, demand, force, long(渴望)desire, plan, refuse, tend等
在介词but, except之前如有动词do的任一形式，其后的动词不定式不用to。如：
Now there was nothing he could do but/except admit defeat. 现在他只有认输。
如but 之前没有do，其后的不定式则一般要加to。如：
恐怕我们别无选择，只好乘出租车了。(翻译)
They desired nothing but to succeed. 他们只想成功。
4. 不定式作定语：（形容词作用）不定式作定语通常放在其所修饰的名词或代词之后。
My wish to be a teacher is quite understandable. 我想成为一个教师的愿望是可以理解的。
We admire his ability to speak a foreign language so well. 我们欣赏他能把一门外语说得这么好。
He is always the first person to come and the last one to leave. 他总是第一个来最后一个离开。
不定式主动式和被动式
have sth. to be done 表示有某事要别人去做。如：
He has a report to be typed. 他有一份报告要打字。（别人打）
明天要召开的会议被推迟到下个星期二. (翻译)
做后置定语，和被修饰名词或代词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，又和该句主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系时，不定式常用主动形式，不定式为不及物动词时，其后应加相应的介词。如：
Do you have anything to say on this question? 针对这个问题你还有什么要说的吗？
He is a pleasant person to work with. 他是一个合作愉快的人。
三． 句型
1. I find it
hard for me to... 我发现……对我来说很难。
我发现在公众场合作演讲对我来说很难。
2. I have no
experience in... 我在……方面没有经验。
我在和孩子打交道方面没有什么经验。
3.
I think this is a good chance for you to... 我认为这是你…的一个好机会。
我认为这是测试你英语的一个好机会。
4. Is it convenient for you to...? 你是否方便……?
你出去的时候是否方便帮我寄这封信?
5. It occurred to me that... ……浮现于我的脑中 /
我突然想起……。
我突然想起我知道怎样解决那个问题。
6. It's not /just like sb. to do sth.……的行为不／正像某人的一贯作风。
上课迟到不像吉姆的一贯作风，他把时间看作是生命中最重要的。
7. lt’s a bad habit to...……是一个坏习惯。
把事情拖到最后一刻才做是个坏习惯。
8. It's our duty to... ……是我们的责任。
保护森林免遭破坏是我们的责任。
9. NO words can express... 语言难以表达……。／……难以言表。
语言难以表达当我看到那份礼物时有多么的惊喜。
四． 听力
| Market | Goods Sold | Open Time | How to Arrive |
| East Street SE17 | 16___________ and hardware | 17______________ | Take the 18___________ and get off at the Castle. |
| Petticoat Lane E1 | 19___________ and household goods | 9:00 am – 12:00 noon on 20_______________ | Get off at Aldgate Station. |
五． 语法填空
I was on my way to the Taiyetos Mountains. The sun was setting when my car 31 (break) down near a remote and poor village. Cursing my misfortune, I was wondering where I was going to spend the night when I realized that the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as to 32 should have the honor of receiving me 33 a guest in their house. Finally, I accepted the offer of an old woman who lived alone in a little house. While she was getting me 34 (settle) into a tiny but clean room, the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to 35 small town some 20 kilometres away 36 there was a garage.
I had noticed three hens running free in my hostess's courtyard and that night one of them ended up in a dish on my table. 37 villagers brought me goat's cheese and hone. We drank together and talked 38 (merry) till far into the night.
When the time came for me to say goodbye to my friends in the village, I wanted to reward the old woman 39 the trouble I had caused 40 .
六． 阅读
Each child has his individual（个人的）pattern of social, as well as physical, development. Some of it depends on his home life and his relationships with the people who love him. Children in large families learn how to get along with others through normal brother- sister play and tussles （打斗）. An only child, on the other hand , may have to learn his lessons in social living through hard experiences on the playground or in the classroom. Twins who always have one another to lean on may be slow in responding to others because they do not need anyone else.
A child who is constantly scolded and made to feel he does everything wrong may have a difficult time developing socially. He may be so afraid of displeasing the adults around him that he keeps to himself （where he can’t get into trouble）or he may take the opposite route and go out of his way to create trouble. Like the deserted child, he too may return to infantile （幼稚的）pleasures, developing habits that will satisfy him, but create barriers（障碍）toward social contact.
64．Which of the following may have effect on children’s paten of social development?
A. Age. B. Education C. Home life. D. Gender（性别）
65．The passage implies that which of the following may have the earliest time learning to get along with others?
A. An only child B. A child from a large family C. Twins D. Children who are continually scolded
66．Which of the following is implied by the passage?
A. Too much scolding of children may make their social development difficult.
B. All children developed in the same ways.
C. Children who are constantly scolded may learn to get along with others quickly.
D. Deserted children often exhibit quicker social development.
67．We can inferred from the passage that________.
A. continual scolding is not harmful to the child.
B. continual scolding holds back healthy social development.
C. continual scolding has no effect on obeying orders.
D. continual scolding has no effect on physical development
68．Where does the passage say the only child learns his social lessons?
A. School and home B. Home and playground C. Classroom and playground D. All of the above
七． 基础写作
HOW I SPENT MY SUMMER VACATION 我如何度过暑假
暑假刚一开始，我就回故乡了。自然我须好好利用它，否则我会招致父母的不快。
早晨我复习功课并阅读报纸或杂志。下午我和朋友打球，或去河中钓鱼。晚上我就和家人看看电视。墙上的钟刚敲十下，我就去睡觉了。
八． 任务型写作
阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150字左右的英语短文。
One morning, Mr Hare was running on the road. Suddenly he saw Mr Tortoise, who was also running on the road towards him. Mr Hare ran up to Mr Tortoise and laughed at him. Mr Tortoise got angry and wouldn't take failure lying down, so he suggested having a race to see who could first get to the big tall tree by the roadsides. Mr Hare agreed with him without hesitation. The race began. Mr Hare and Mr tortoise started from the same line at the same time. When Mr Hare was far ahead of Mr Tortoise and even couldn't see Mr Tortoise, he thought that Mr Tortoise fell behind and couldn't catch up with him. So he stopped and lay down to have a nap. But soon he fell asleep. At the same time, Mr Tortoise kept on running and running. When Mr Hare woke up, he found Mr Tortoise had already sat under the tree and was smiling at him!
[写作内容]
1)以大约30个词概括短文的要点；
2)以大约120个词写一篇记叙文，描写你或你的朋友因骄傲而落后的一次经历，并包含以下内容：
a)谈谈这则故事给人们的启示； b)叙述你或你的朋友因骄傲而落后的一次真实或虚构的经历；
c)谈谈这次经历对你或你的朋友思想态度的影响。
[写作要求]
(1)可以参照阅读材料的篇章结构，组织故事，但不得直接引用原文中的句子。 (2)标题自定。
[写作指导]
(1)仔细审题，明确任务：该写作内容包括四个小任务：大意、启示、经历和影响。
(2)认真阅读，概括要点：可按记叙文的五大要素来概括要点，如下表：
| What(事情) | Mr. Hare lost a race with Mr. Tortiose |
| Who(人物) | Mr. Hare and Mr. Tortoise |
| When(时间) | one morning |
| Where(地点) | on the road |
| How(情节) | be proud—lie down and nap—lose |
切记不得直接引用原文中的句子，语言要简洁明了，最好用两个句子概括原文要点。
(3)引出启示，叙述经历，附上影响：先列出这则故事给人们的启示（take everything seriously , keep modest , not be proud at any time），然后回想经历或编撰故事。生活中因骄傲而落后的经历可以发生在学习英语中或爬山中或赛车中等。确定例子后，也可以按上面的表格去构思。现以学习英语为例：
| What(事情) | fall far behind after coming first |
| Who(人物) | I |
| When(时间) | in the English exams |
| Where(地点) | / |
| How(情节) | be proud—not listen to teacher and not do homework—fall behind |
此次次经历对你的影响：become modest and never proud again。
Keys:
一． 短语
1. make
into 制成，作成（后面跟产品，制成品） 2. be made of用某种原材料制成（后面跟原材料）
3. be made from用某种原材料制成（后面跟原材料）
4. be made up of 由...组成，由...构成
5. make up 化妆 6. make up 化妆，打扮 7. make up 配制 8. make up 编造，虚构
9. make up for 弥补，补充，补偿 10. make
full use of 充分利用
11.make to one's own measure 照某人的尺寸去做 12. make up my mind 下决心
13. make fun of 取笑，嘲笑，和...开玩笑
二． 语法
1. 不定式作主语：(名词作用)
They thought it impossible for us to find the lost child in the darkness.
It’s difficult for us to finish the work within two hours. / It’s careless of you to make such a mistake.
3. 不定式作宾语：（名词作用） I’m afraid we have no choice but to take a taxi.
不定式主动式和被动式: The meeting to be held tomorrow has been put off until next Tuesday.
三． 句型
1. I find it hard for me to make a speech in public. 2. I have no experience in dealing with children.
3. I think this is a good chance for you to test your English.
4. Is it convenient for you to post this letter for me when you go out?
5. It suddenly occurred to me that ' knew how to solve that
problem.
6. lt's not like Jim to be late for class. He regards
time as the most important thing in life.
7. It's a bad habit to put off things until the last
minute. 8. It's our duty to protect the forests from destruction.
9. No words can express how surprised and happy I was when I saw the gift.
四．听力 16. Cheap food, clothes 17. 8:00 am—5:00 pm 18. tube/underground 19. Clothes, shoes
20. Sunday mornings
五．语法填空: 31.broke 32. who 33. as 34.settled 35. a 36. where 37. other (1.5) some (0.5) 38. merrily 39. for 40. (to) her
六． 阅读
64．C 提示：文中的第二句说到Some of it depends on his home life and…没有提到education等的影响。
65．B 提示：children in large families learn how to get along with others．…，只有大家庭孩子们才能自小学会和别人相处。
66．A 提示：文章第二段的第一句话可以得出结论。
67．B 提示：文章第二段的第一句话……may have a difficult time developing socially．
68．C 提示：An only child may have to learn his lessons in ……一句表明只有在classroom和play ground这样的孩子才能获得社会知识。
七． 基础写作
No sooner had the summer vacation begun than I returned to my native town. Of course I must make good use of it; otherwise I would make my parents unhappy.
In the morning I reviewed my lessons and read newspapers or magazines. In the afternoon I played ball games with my friends or went fishing in the river. At night (In the night) I watched television with my family (the members of my family). hardly had the clock on the wall struck ten when I went to bed.
八． 任务型写作
Pride goes before failure
The folktale mainly tells us that in a race Mr Hare proudly thought he would be sure to beat Mr Tortoise and so he lay down to have a nap. As a result, he lost the race.
From the story, we learn that we must take everything seriously and keep a modest attitude towards our studies or work. Besides, we shouldn’t be proud at any time.
The day I came first in the English exam was the happiest day of my life. I had studied very diligently for many weeks and was well prepared for the exam. When the teacher announced that I was the first, I felt so proud that I thought my English was already excellent enough and I didn’t need to study English hard any longer. During the following few months, I didn’t listen to the teacher attentively in class and never did I do my homework after class. In the next exam, the result was quite different. I fell far behind.
From then on, I became modest and never proud again.
辅导10
一． 短语
put 词组：
1. We put _____ the tools before we leave the workshop.
2. All the medical workers in the region helped to put _____ the influenza
epidemic（流感）.
3. Never put _____ until tomorrow what you can do today.
4. We are putting the play _____ again next week owing to（由于） its success.
5. The fire man soon put the fire _____.
6. The doctor told me to put _____ my tongue.
7. It's time that we put _____ the Christmas decorations（装饰物） in the
living room.
8. Drop your weapons and put your hands _____. 9. Another supermarket has
been put _____ near our house.
10. I can't put _____ _____ a lot of noisy people when I am working.
11. 使进入，输入
12. 全神贯注于...之中
二． 语法
不定式的语法作用 (2)
5. 不定式作宾补：（形容词作用）
advise,cause,allow,ask,beg,encourage,expect,forbid,force,get,invite,permit,persuade,remind,teach,tell,want,warn,consider,prefer,等
注：不带to的不定式
在feel, hear, listen to, make, let, have, see, watch, notice, look at等动词用于主动语态时，后面的复合宾语中不定式不带to, help后面接不定式作宾语或宾语补足语可以带to也可以不带to。如：
我经常听到她在隔壁唱歌。(翻译)
(但： She is often heard to sing in the next room.)
They make the boy go to bed at 9:00 p.m. every day. 他们每天让孩子晚上9:00上床睡觉。
(但：The boy is made to go to bed at 9:00 p.m. every day.)
Who can help me (to) carry this heavy box? 谁能帮我拎这个重箱子？
6. 不定式作状语： （副词作用）
1). 作目的状语，有时也可以用in order (not) to, so as (not) to结构。如：
为了保护幼苗不被太阳晒坏，妈妈把它们放到了阴凉处。(翻译)
今天早上他起身很早以免上学再迟到。(翻译)
*注意：so as (not) to do不可以置于句首。
2). 作结果状语，常见的结构有too…to, enough…to, so…as to, such…as to, only to…等。如：
对我来说，这个问题很难回答。(翻译)
Will you be so kind as to turn down the radio? 请你帮我把收音机调低一点好吗？
他醒来发现自己在医院里。(翻译)
*注意：too…to通常表示太……而不……，但在下列句子中没有否定的意思。
She is only too glad to stay at home. 她太想留在家里了。
He is too anxious to know the examination results. 他很急切地想知道考试结果。
3) 不定式作状语时，其逻辑主语通常为主句的主语。但下列的例外：to tell you the truth（说老实话），to be frank（坦率地说）, to begin with（首先）, to be brief（简言之）, to make a long story short（长话短说）, to say nothing of（姑且不说）等。如：
To tell you the truth, I hate him. 说老实话，我恨他。
To be frank, I don’t agree with what you said. 坦率地说，我不同意你说的话。
不定式主动式和被动式
作表语形容词的状语，和句子主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系时，不定式多用主动形式，不定式为不及物动词时要加相应的介词。如：
The fish is delicious to eat. 这鱼很好吃。
The chair is comfortable to sit on. 这把椅子坐起来很舒服。
注：不定式的完成式
不定式的完成式所表示的动作在谓语所表示的动作之前发生，它在句中可作表语、状语、宾语，有时也可作主语。如：
She seemed to have heard about this matter. 她似乎已听说过这件事。
I am sorry to have kept you waiting so long. 我很抱歉让你等了这么久。
I meant to have told you about it, but I happened to have an important thing to do.
我本来想告诉你这件事的，但我碰巧有一件重要的事要做。
It has been an honor for me to have traveled so much in your country.
对我来说，在你们国家旅行这么多地方是一件很荣幸的事情。
三． 句型
1. According to…依照／根据……。
根据报纸说，这是一部很棒的电影。
2. As matter of fact/In fact，…实际上……，……。
实际上，我不大同意你的看法。
3. Generally speaking,... 总的来说，……。
总的来说，人们都喜欢听到别人的称赞。
4. In that
case,… 既然那样，……。
│
既然那样，我没什么好说的了。
5. To be
frank / honest, ...老实说，……。说实话，……。
说实话，我认为我们没有获胜的可能。
6. To tell
(you) the truth,... …说实话，……。
不瞒你说，我小时候老是闯祸。
7. When it
comes to... 谈到……，。／涉及到……。
说到英语，他是个专家。
四． 听力
| Name | Travis Lear |
| How long | He stayed in the US Navy for 16______________. |
| Where | He moved to Japan and had two children 17______________. |
| What | He started a(n) 18______________ and had been running it for the last four years. |
| How | He went to Thailand by 19__________________ to help Tsunami survivors. |
| In Thailand | He was accepted by the Tsunami Volunteer Center and became a(n) 20_____________ in the Burmese schools. |
五． 语法填空
Jean is a 17-year-old high school student. On Saturday mornings, Jean and her friends take part in the program 31 (call) SAVE THE KIDS. They travel to a poor area of Washington D.C.. They help younger students learn 32 to read and to solve mathematics problems. Many American teenagers join in programs 33 serve their communities. On weekends Jean sometimes works at an ice-cream store. When she is not working, she gets together with her girlfriends. They might go to a movie, to a shopping mall or to an eating place. Or they might attend 34 sports event of their high school. They also often stay at one girl’s house for the night.
35 teenagers in most parts of the country, Jean began driving a car when she was 16 years old. She does not have her car, however. She must 36 the family car with her parents. About 70 percent of American teenagers have their own cars. Many of them drive their cars to school every day. Jean does not smoke cigarettes 37 drink alcohol. 38 do her friends. But many teenagers at her school do. Drinking alcohol is a major problem there. Every weekend teenagers have parties, where they drink alcohol. Then they drive to other parties. People under the age of 21 39 (not allow) to drink alcohol in the United States. And it is 40 (danger) to drink and drive a car. Yet this does not stop some teenagers.
六． 阅读
An explosion on Thursday killed one and injured 21 in a busy street in Tongren, Southwest China’s Guizhou Province.
The bomb was hidden in a rubbish bin in the city’s commercial hub（商业中心），where lots of shops and restaurants are concentrated.
The ear-splitting blast was heard around 12∶50 p.m.，said a local newspaper, citing witnesses. The power of the blast shattered（使粉碎）nearby shop windows and ripped the stainless（不生锈的）steel rubbish can to pieces.
One passer-by，identified（确认）only as Zhang，said she was shocked by the noise and saw a lot of pedestrians lying on the ground when she got to the scene.
Thirteen of the injured were taken to a local hospital after the explosion. A doctor there said five were in serious condition but already out of danger after emergency treatment. The others were just slightly hurt.
The cause of the explosion is still under investigation, said an officer with the Tongren police, but refused to speculate as to the cause.
56．It can be inferred from the passage that ________.
A. All the injured were taken to a hospital B. 8 of the injured were not taken to a hospital
C. The rubbish bin with a bomb was in a restaurant D. The rubbish bin with a bomb was in a shop
57．Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?
A. One passer- by, indentified only as Zhang, saw the man throwing a bomb into a bin.
B. Some customers in restaurants were injured.
C. The writer didn’t get to the scene. D. All customers in shops got hurt.
58．In the last paragraph the underlined word“ speculate” probably means ________.
A. tell B. guess C. discuss D. talk
59．What of the follwing can be the best title for the passage?
A. Bomb Hidden in a Rubbish Bin B. The Cause of the Explosion
C. A Terrible Thing D. Market Blast Kills 1 ,Injures 21
七． 基础写作
MONEY 钱
每个人为了能够维持生活，所以都希望得到钱。换句话说，钱是非常有用，所以没有它人类即无法生活。基于此种理由，我们有一句有趣的谚语。它说有“钱能使鬼推磨”。一言以蔽之，钱比任何另外的东西更有力量。
然而，钱不应该被浪费掉。它必须用于正当的用途上。我们青年人应该养成不乱花钱的好习惯。
八． 任务型写作
阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。
Years ago in Scotland Clark and his wife worked and saved, making plans for their family to travel to the United States. Finally they had saved enough money and gotten passports. The entire family were filled with excitement. However, seven before their departure, the youngest son was bitten by a dog. The doctor sewed up the boy but hung a yellow sheet on the Clarks' front door. Because of the possibility of rabies, they were separated for fourteen days.
The family's dream was dashed. They would not be able to make the trip to America as they planned. The father, filled with disappointment and anger, wept bitter tears and cursed both his son and God for their misfortune.
Five days later, the tragic news spread throughout Britain--- Titanic, which was on her maiden voyage on April 14, 1912, had sunk, taking hundreds of lives with it. The Clark family should have been on that ship, but because the son had been bitten by a dog, they were left behind.
When Mr. Clark heard the news, he hugged his son and thanked him for saving the family. He thanked for God for turning what he had felt was a tragedy into a blessing.
[写作内容]
1)以大约30个词概括短文的要点；
2)以大约120个词写一篇记叙文，描写你或你的朋友因祸得福的一次经历，并包含以下内容：
a)叙述你或你的朋友因祸得福的一次真实或虚构的经历； b)谈谈这次经历对你或你的朋友的影响。
[写作要求]
可以参照阅读材料的篇章结构，组织故事，但不得直接引用原文中的句子。
[写作指导]
(1)仔细审题，明确任务：该写作内容包括三个小任务：大意、经历和影响。
(2)认真阅读，概括要点：可按记叙文的五大要素来概括要点, 如下表：
| What(事情) | saved after missing Titanic |
| Who(人物) | the Clark family |
| When(时间) | Years ago (April, 1912) |
| Where(地点) | Scotland |
| How(情节) | one son was bitten—unluckily not board Titanic—luckily saved |
(3)叙述经历，附上影响：回想经历或编撰故事。生活中因祸得福的经历有很多，确定例子后，也可以按上面的表格去构思。现列举一例供参考：
| What(事情) | her English improved after having an accident and missing a trip |
| Who(人物) | my friend, Jerry |
| When(时间) | last year |
| Where(地点) | / |
| How(情节) | have an accident—miss a trip—her English improve |
此次次经历对我朋友的影响：keep calm, expect a tragedy to turn into a blessing。
Keys:
一． 短语
1. put away放好，受起来 2. put down 扑灭，平息，镇压 3. put off 延期，拖延
4. put
on 上演，穿戴
5. put out 熄灭，扑灭，使...停止燃烧 6. put out 伸出，拿出
7. put up 挂起，张贴 8. put up 举起，抬起 9. put up 建造，搭起
10. put up with 忍受，容忍
11. put into 12. put
one's heart into
二． 语法
5. 不定式作宾补：（形容词作用） I often hear her sing in the next room.
6. 不定式作状语： （副词作用）
(In order) to protect the young plants from the sun, Mother put them in the shade.
He got up very early this morning so as not to be late for school again.
The question is too difficult for me to answer.
He woke up only to find himself in hospital.
三． 句型
1. According to the
newspaper，it's a great movie． 2. As matter of fact，I don't agree
with you．
3. Generally speaking, people like to hear compliments from
others. 4. In that case, I have no
more to say.
5. To be honest, I don't think we have a chance of winning.
6. To tell you the truth, I used to make a lot of trouble when I was young.
7. When it comes to English, he's an expert.
四．听力 16. four years 17. with a Japanese 18. English school 19. air/plane 20. English teacher
五． 语法填空 31. called 32. how 33. that/which 34. a 35. Like 36. share
37. or 38. Neither/Nor 39. are not allowed 40. dangerous
六． 阅读
56．B 提示：21（受伤人）-13（送医院的伤者）＝8（没有送医院的伤者）。
57．C 提示：由第三段句子“The ear-splitting blast was beard around 12︰50 p. m. said a local newspaper，citing winesses.”可知答案。
58．B 提示：对还没有侦察的案件，公安机关通常不会在公众面前进行推测。
59．D 提示：文章开头的句子已点题了。
七． 基础写作
Everybody wishes (hopes) to get money so that he can support his life. In other words, money is so useful that it is impossible for mankind to live without it. For this reason, we have an interesting proverb. It says “Money can make the world go around.” In a word, money is more powerful than anything else.
However, money should not be wasted. It must be used for (some) proper purposes. We young men should form the good habit of not spending money in the wrong way.
八． 任务型写作
A tragedy turning into a blessing
This story is about a tragedy turning into a blessing. The Clark family, who were unlucky to missing boarding Titanic because one son was bitten by a dog, were luckily saved fortunately.
Jerry, my friend, once had a similar experience as the Clark family. Last year her family were to make a trip to Beijing just on the afternoon before their trip, she was knocked down by a car when crossing a road and her leg was seriously hurt. She would have to lie in bed for 3 months and their trip had to be cancelled. That evening, she couldn’t help crying the moment she saw me. I made efforts to comfort her and promised to help her with English. I spared her much time. When she was recovered, her English improved greatly.
Now she often says she is thankful for the accident, which has a great influence on her study and her thought. Facing a tragedy, she can keep calm, expecting it to turn into a blessing.
辅导11
一． 短语
set 词组：
1. As soon as she arrived, she set
_____ tidying up（整理，收拾）the room.
2. They've set _____ on a trip round the world.
3. Together the four men set
_____ to look for the lost
animal.
4. He set _____ to write a history of civilization（文明）.
5. We'll certainly set _____ a
complete modern industrial system.
6. A few scarecrows（稻草人）were set
_____ in the field.
7. Let's
set _____ the tent first, and build the fire
later.
8. 放火
9. 释放某人
10. 给某人树立榜样
turn 词组：
1. Those who were once for him have turned _____ him. 2. Turn _____ everything captured（缴获的）.
3. I'm going to turn my garage _____ a playroom for the children.
4. Be sure to turn _____ the lights when you leave the room.
5. Shall I turn _____ the bath water for you?
6. He turned the meat
_____ in the pan（平底锅）.
7. They always turn _____ me when they are in trouble.
8. His attention turned _____ the pretty young girl.
9. Turn the radio _____ a little. I can scarcely hear the
program.
10. He turned the coat collar（衣领） _____ because of the wind.
11. Something will turn _____ to get you out of the difficulty.
二． 语法
-ing分词与－ed分词的语法作用 (1)
1. 作表语：如：
Their job is building houses. 他们的工作是盖房子。
The performance was very interesting. / I was very interested in that performance.
2. 作定语：
① 动名词（-ing）作定语可用来说明被修饰的名词的用途和性能。如：
reading material 阅读材料 walking stick 手杖 fishing pole 鱼杆
flying suit 飞行服 writing table 写字台 listening practice 听力训练
② 分词作定语还可以表示所修饰的人或物的动作或状态，在意思上接近一个定语从句，可以表示正在进行的动作，也可表示经常性动作或当时的状态。如：
developing countries = countries that are developing 发展中国家
a touching story = a story that is touching 一个动人的故事
working people= people who work 劳动人民
the children playing football in the park are from our school.
= the children who are playing football in the park are from our school.
an injured dog = a dog which was injured
a broken car = a car which is broken.
the deserted boy = the boy who was deserted.
the book published in 1998 = the book which was published in 1998.
The suggestion made by the foreign expert was adopted by the manager.外国专家提出来的建议被经理采纳了。
③ 分词还可以作非限制性定语（或者看成插入语），相当于一个非限制性定语从句，常用逗号和句子其它部分分开。如:
The words, usually dealing with current work, were mostly written by himself.
歌词一般讲当前的工作，大部分是他自己写的。
When she appeared, John, wearing a dirty and worn-out overcoat, ran to her with joy.
当她出现的时候，约翰穿着一件又脏又破的大衣高兴地跑了过去。
The books, written by Lu Xun, are popular with many Chinese people.
这些书是鲁迅写的，受到了许多中国人民的喜爱。
The meeting, attended by one thousand students, was a success.
这次会议获得很大的成功，共有一千个学生出席了。
3. 分词作补语：
1) 分词可以在see, hear, notice, watch, feel, look at, listen to, observe, have, get, leave, keep, set, catch, find等动词后面和一个名词或代词构成一个复合宾语，作宾语补语。如：
I noticed a man running out of the bank when I got off the car.
我下车的时候注意到一个男人匆匆忙忙地从银行里跑出来。
Last night the shopkeeper caught a child stealing some food in the shop.
昨晚，店主在商店里抓到一个小孩在偷东西。
When will you go to the hospital and have your tooth examined? 你什么时候去医院检查你的牙齿？
When you are making a speech, you should speak louder to make yourself heard.
当你在作报告时，你应该讲响一点使自己被人听清。
2) “with/without+名词普通格或代词宾格+分词”结构在句中作状语，表示伴随情况或时间、原因等。如：
His hair became grey with the years passing. 随着时间的推移，他的头发变花白了。
Without anyone noticing, he slipped through the window. 没人注意，他从窗户溜了出去。
With his leg badly injured, he had to stay in hospital.
注： 某些-ing分词短语，如generally speaking（一般来说）, judging from…（根据……来判断）, considering…（考虑到……）, talking of…（谈到……，提到……）, supposing…（假如……）等，它们的逻辑主语和句子的主语不一致。这种短语可以被称之为句子的状语，也可当作一个插入语。如：
Judging from his accent, he must come from Canada. 从他的口音看他一定来自加拿大。
Considering how poor he was, we decided to let him attend the concert for free.
考虑到他是多么的穷，我们决定让他免费听音乐会。
三． 句型
1．表示看法
1）People have（take，adopt，assume）different attitudes towards sth．
2）People have different opinions on
this problem． 3）People
take different views of（on）the question．
4）Some people believe that．．．Others argue that．．．
例如：
People have different attitudes towards failure．Some
believe that failure leads to success．
Every failure they experience translates into a greater chance of success at
their renewed endeavor．However， others are easily discouraged by failures
and put themselves into the category of losers．
2用于陈述个人观点/想法的常用句型
1). As far as I'm concerned／…就我而言，……。
As far as I'm concerned, think we should pay more attention to the safety of
schoolchildren.
就我而言，我认为我们应该更关注在校儿童的安全问题。
2). In my opinion /point of view, ... 我认为……。
In my opinion, we should never abandon hope for success.
我认为我们永远都不应该放弃对成功的希望。 [abandon．放弃；遗弃]
3. 表示原因
1）There
are three reasons for this． 这有以下三个原因.
2）The reasons for this are as follows．
例如：
There are three reasons for the changes that have taken place in our life．Firstly，people’s
living standard has been greatly improved．Secondly，most people are well paid， and they can afford what they need or like．Last but not least，more and more people prefer to enjoy modern
life．
注：如考生写第一个句子没有把握，可将其改写成两个句子。如：Great changes have taken place in
our life． There are three reasons for this．这样写可以避免套用中的表达失误。
4. 表示好处
1）It
has the following advantages． 2）It does us a lot of good． 3）It benefits us quite a lot．
4）It
is beneficial to us．
5）It is of great benefit to us．
例如：
Books are like friends．They can help us know the world
better，and they can open our minds and
widen our horizons．Therefore，reading extensively is of great benefit to us．
5. 表示坏处
1）It has more disadvantages than advantages． 2）It does us much harm． 3）It is harmful to us．
例如：
However，everything divides into two．Television can also be harmful to us．It can do harm to our health and make us lazy
if we spend too much time watching television．
6. 一二三原则
领导讲话总是第一部分、第一点、第二点、第三点、第二部分、第一点… 如此罗嗦。可毕竟还是条理清楚。考官们看文章也必然要通过这些关键性的“标签”来判定你的文章是否结构清楚，条理自然。破解方法很简单，只要把下面任何一组的词汇加入到你的几个要点前就清楚了。
1）first,
second, third, last（不推荐，原因：俗）
2）firstly,
secondly, thirdly, finally（不推荐，原因：俗）
3）the
first, the second, the third, the last（不推荐，原因：俗）
4）in
the first place, in the second place, in the third place, lastly（不推荐，原因：俗）
5）to
begin with, then, furthermore, finally（强烈推荐）
6）to
start with, next, in addition, finally（强烈推荐）
7）first
and foremost, besides, last but not least（强烈推荐）
8）most
important of all, moreover, finally
9）on
the one hand, on the other hand（适用于两点的情况）
10）for
one thing, for another thing（适用于两点的情况）
7．表示变化 Some changes have taken place in the past five years．
8．表示比较
1）Compared
with A，B．．． 2）I
prefer to read rather than watch TV． 3). On the contrary, ...
正好相反，…
Their criticism did not discourage
me. On the contrary, I worked even harder.
他们的批评并没有使我感到气馁，相反，我比以前更加努力了。
9．表示数量
1）It has risen/increased（decreased/dropped）from．．．to．．．
2）The population in this city has
now increased （decreased）to 800，000．
3）The output of July in this factory
increased (was reduced) by 15％
compared with that of January．
例如：
With the improvement of the living standard，the
proportion of people’s income spent on food has decreased while that spent on
education has increased．
10. 表示结论
1).
In a word... 总之,…
In a word, money is something but
not everything. 总之，金钱很重要，但它不是万能的。
2). In brief/short, ...，简言之，……。
In brief, we cannot please
everyone all the time. 简而言之，我们无法总是让每个人都满意。
3). In conclusion, ...最后，……。聪之，……。
In conclusion, I find mutual understanding plays a key role in building a friendly relationship.
总之，我发现相互理解对建立友好关系至关重要。
4). To sum up... 总之，……。总而言之，……。
To sum up, life in the future will
certainly be very dif¬ferent from that of today.
总之，未来的生活肯定会和当前的很不一样。
5). From what has
been mentioned above，we can come to the conclusion that
．．．
例如：
From what has been mentioned above，we
can come to the conclusion that examination is necessary，however，
its method should be improved．
11．表示措施
1）We should take some effective measures．
2). It is essential that effective measures (should) be taken to …
3). As
a result , we should take some effective steps to …
4).
We must take action / measures to... 我们必须采取行动／措施以……。
5) We must take action to keep up with new developments. 我们必须采取行动跟上新的发展形势。
6) We must take measures to better the traffic. 我们必须采取措施改善交通状况。
7). We should make every effort to... 我们应该竭尽全力……。
We should make every effort to protect our valuable drinking water. 我们应该竭尽全力保护我们宝贵的淡水。
四、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：
1. The students got on the school bus. 2. He handed me the newspaper.
3. I shall answer your question after class. 4. What a beautiful Chinese painting!
5. They went hunting together early in the morning. 6. His job is training swimmers.
7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing. 8. There is going to be an American film tonight.
9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow. 10. His wish is to become a scientist.
11. He managed to finish the work in time. 12. Tom came to ask me for advice.
13. He found it important to master English. 14. Do you have anything else to say?
15. To be honest; your pronunciation is not so good. 16. Would you please tell me your address?
17. He sat there, reading a newspaper. 18. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.
19. He noticed a man enter the room. 20. The apples tasted sweet.
五、用符号划出下列短文各句中的定语（—）、状语（＝）、补语（～）：
Most Saturday evenings there is a party, even at harvest time. These parties often make us very happy. We cook meat on an open fire outside. It's great! Americans eat a lot of meat — too much in my opinion. Some of my friends drink beer. I don't, because I have to drive home after the party. In your letter you asked about the time in different areas of the States. There are five different time areas in the States. In my state we are fourteen hours behind Beijing time. How many different time areas do you have in China? Well, I must stop and get some sleep. Please give my best regards to your parents.
六、判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句：
1. We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon. / 2. The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.
3. There is a chair in this room, isn’t there?
4. My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the evening.
5. He is in Class One and I am in Class Two. / 6. He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child.
7. Neither has he changed his mind, nor will he do so. / 8. What he said at the meeting is very important, isn’t it?
9. The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree. / 10. Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.
七. 定语从句辨析
1. It’s such a modern machine ___ few of the workers know how to operate it.
It’s such a modern machine ___ few of the workers know how to operate.
2. Is this museum ___ they visited last week? / Is this the museum ___ they visited last week?
Is this museum ___you used to work?
3. The sun is bigger than the moon, ___ we all know it. / The sun is bigger than the moon, ___ we all know.
4. ____ is well known to us all, the earth goes around the sun.
____ is well known to us all that the earth goes around the sun.
____ is well known to us is that the earth goes around the sun.
5. He failed in the exam again, ___was expected.
He failed in the exam again, ___ was not what he had expected.
6. I have two sisters, both of ___ are doctors. / I have two sisters, and both of ___are doctors.
7. I’ll never forget the days ___ I spent with him. / I’ll never forget the day ___ I was born.
8. Was it October 1, 1949 ____ the People’s Republic of China was founded?
Was it on October 1,1949 ____ the People’s Republic of China was founded?
9. I picked up a man ___ I thought was honest. / I picked up a man ___ I thought to be honest.
10. He is the only one of the students who ___ the accident. (know)
He is one of the students who ___ the accident. (know)
11. He is no longer ___ he used to be. / He is no longer the man ___ he used to be.
12. She decided to sell the house ___ windows were almost all broken.
She decided to sell the house the windows ___ were all broken.
13. Do you know the fact ___ the sun is bigger than the moon?
Do you understand the easiest fact ___ he explained to you just now?
14. This is the best reason ___ he could give at the meeting.
This is the reason ____ he didn’t go to school this morning.
15. He is to work on Sundays, ____ he doesn’t like. / Yon can come on Sunday,____ the manager will be back.
八. 定语从句
1. I will hire the man _____ they say is a good English speaker.
A. who B. that C. which D. whom
2. We will be shown around the city: schools, museums, and some other places, ______ other visitors seldom go.
A. what B. which C. where D. when
3. York, __________last year, is a nice old city.
A. that I visited B. which I visited C. where I visited D. in which I visited
4. We are living in an age many things are done on computer.
A．which B．that C．whose D．when
5. Anyway, that evening, ____ I’ll tell you more about later, I ended up staying at Rachel’s place. （
A. when B. where C. what D. which
6. George Orwell, ______ was Eric Arthur, wrote many political novels and essays.
A the real name B what his real name C his real name D whose real name
7. The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, _____ the sailing time was 226 days.
A. of which B. during which C. from which D. for which
8. I work in a business ________ almost everyone is waiting for a great chance.
A. how B. which C. where D. that
9. There are two buildings, stands nearly a hundred feet high.
A．the larger B．the larger of them C．the larger one that D．the larger of which
10. The English play ______ my students acted at the New Year’s party was a great success.
A for which B at which C in which D on which
11. There were dirty marks on her trousers ______ she had wiped her hands.
A where B which C when D that
12. Many people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered the scenes ______ people were eaten by the tiger.
A. in which B. by which C. which D. that
13. The schools themselves admit that not all children will be successful in the jobs ______ they are being trained. A．in that B．for that C．in which D．for which
14. Last month, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, from _______effects the people are still suffering. A. that B. whose C. those D. what
15. I’ll talk about a newly-opened market ______ you may get all _______ you need.
A. in which; which B. where; that C. where; what D. which; that
16. With the development of agriculture, the people _______village I taught before have lived a happy life.
A. who B. whose C. in whose D. in which
17. Both the girl and her dog ____ were crossing the street were hit by a coming car.
A. which B. who C. they D. that
18. This is the largest clock in the world, ____ the minute hand is six metres long.
A. that B. of which C. which D. whose
19. He has lost the key to the drawer _____ the papers are kept.
A. where B. on which C. under which D. which
20. Antarctic _____ we know very little is covered with thick ice all the year round.
A. which B. where C. that D. about which
21. The Second World War _____ millions of people were killed ended in 1945.
A. when B. during that C. in which D. which
22. We are going to spend the Spring festival in Guangzhou, _____ live my grandparents and some relatives.
A. which B. that C. who D. where
23. He is a man of great experience, _____ much can be learned.
A. who B. that C. from which D. from whom
24. It was such a serious mistake, _____ caused by carelessness.
A. which I think was B. which I think it was C. I think which was D. I think which it was
25. The general at last got a chance to visit the village _____ he used to fight, _____ he had been dreaming of for years.
A. that / which B. where / that C. in which / what D. where / which
26. I gave him a warning, _____ he turned a deaf ear.
A. of which B. for which C. to that D. to which
27. _____ is known to the world, China’s Liu Xiang became the first Asian in history to win the men’s 110m hurdles at the Olympic Games.
A. That B. Which C. As D. It
28. Living in the Central American desert has its problems, _____ obtaining water is not the least.
A. of which B. for what C. as D. whose
九. 基础写作
COOD HEALTH 良好的健康
我们大家都希望快乐，所以我们应该好好保重健康。一个病人因为失去健康而很少快乐。
健康是一个人所能拥有的最好财富。钱能做许多事情，但是却买不到快乐。然而，只要一个人有良好的健康，他就能享受人生的乐趣。
为了保证良好的健康，我们必须注意三件事情。它们是营养食物，新鲜空气和正当运动。
Keys;
一． 短语
set 词组：
1. set
about doing 着手，开始 2. set off 起程，出发 3. set out
出发，动身
4. set out to do 开始，着手 5. set up 创立，设立，建立 6. set up 竖起，支起
7. set up 竖起，支起 8. set fire 9. set sb. free 10. set an example to sb.
turn 词组：
1. turn
against 转而反对 2. turn in 交进，上缴，归还 3.
turn...into... 变成，转变成
4. turn off关掉灯，气，水，电器等
5. turn on 打开 6. turn
over 把...翻过来
7. turn to 转向，找...求助 8. turn to
转向 9. turn
up 把音量开大一些
10. turn up 卷起，翻起，
11. turn up 发生，出现
七. 定语从句辨析
1.that, as 2. the one, (that/ which) ,where 3.and, as 4. As, It, What 5. as, which
6. whom, them 7. (that/ which), when/ on which 8. when, that 9. who, whom 10. knows, know
11. what, that 12. whose, of which 13. that, (that) 14. that, why 15. which, when
八. 定语从句
1—5 ACBDD 6—10 DACDC 11—15 AADBB 16—20 CDBAD 21—25 CDDAD 26—28 DCA
九. 基础写作
We all wish (hope) to be happy, so we should take good care of our health.
Health is the best treasure (which) a man can possess. Money can do many things, but it cannot buy happiness. However, so long as man has good health, he can enjoy the pleasures of human life.
In order to make sure we have good health, we must pay attention to three things. They are-nourishing food, fresh air and proper exercise.
辅导12
一． 短语
take 词组：
1. Mr. Pier has taken his son _____ from the boarding-school（寄宿学校）.
2. The baby was playing with a needle, so I took it _____ from her.
3. He would neither apologize nor take _____ what he had said.
4. I took the book _____ to the library yesterday.
5. The rain has stopped. You may take _____ your umbrella.
6. The motorist's name and address were taken _____ by the policeman.
7. He took _____ his glasses and wiped them again, outside and in.
8. The crew（全体船员，乘员） of the tanker were taken _____ by helicopter（直升飞机）.
9. A helicopter is able to take _____ and land straight up and down.
10. The dentist is going to take this tooth _____.
11. The weather is perfect for taking the children _____ for a walk.
12. The accident took _____ only a block from his room.
13. The concert takes _____ next
Friday.
14. He has taken _____ photography as a hobby.
15. Music takes _____ more than thirty percent of the broadcasting programmers.
16. The wardrobe（衣柜） took _____ too much room.
17. 看一看
18.给某人捎个信
19.坐下
20.瞄准
21.积极参加
22.照顾,保管
23.不辞劳苦地做某事
24.握住,抓住
25.别着急, 别紧张
26.呈现新面貌
27.坐某人的座位,代替某人的职务
28.给某人量体温
29.依次,轮流
30.拍照
31.以...自豪
32.错拿某物,错认某人
33.认为当然
34.代替
35.支持
36.坐这个座位
二． 语法
-ing分词与－ed分词的语法作用 (2)
4. 分词做状语： 分词作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随 情况等。
1) 分词短语作时间状语，相当于一个时间状语从句，有时可由连词when, while引出。如：
While reading the book, he nodded from time to time. 他一边看书，一边不时地点头。
Seeing those pictures, she remembered her childhood. 看到那些画，他想起了她的童年。
Seen from the top of the hill, the city looked like a big garden. 从山顶上看，这个城市就像一个大花园。
Accepted by the Party, he decided to devote his life to the cause of the Party.
入党以后，他决定献身于党的事业。
2) 分词短语作原因状语，相当于一个原因状语从句。如：
Not knowing his address, I can’t send this book to him. 因为不知道他的地址，我不能把这本书送给他。
Many of us, being so excited, couldn’t go to sleep that night. 因为非常激动，那晚我们许多人都没睡着。
Deeply moved by the story, the excited people stopped quarrelling with each other.
激动的人们被那个故事深深地感动了，停止了争吵。
Encouraged by the speech, the young people made up their minds to take up the struggle.
受到了讲演的鼓舞，年轻人决定起来从事斗争。
3) 表条件，相当于一个条件状语从句，有时过去分词前可用if等词。
如：Working much harder, you’ll pass the final exams without any difficulty.
Not stopping doing that immediately, you’ll feel regrettable anyway.
Given another chance, he will do better.再给他一次机会，他会做得更好。
Compared with your brother, you should make greater efforts to study English.
和你哥哥相比，你应该更加努力学习英语。
If heated, water can be turned into steam. 水如果被加热，会变成水蒸气。
4). 表让步，相当于一个though/although引导的让步状语从句。
如： Failing in that game, he never lost heart.
Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage. 尽管知道了一切情况，他们还是要我赔偿损失。
Exhausted by the running, they went on running after the robber.
尽管已经跑得筋疲力尽，他们还是继续追赶着那个强盗。
Laughed at by many people, he continued his study. 尽管被许多人嘲笑，他还是继续他的研究。
5). 表方式或伴随情况。可以放在句子的前面、后面或中间，表示主语的另一个、较次要的动作。如：
They stood there for half an hour watching the stars in the sky. 他们在那儿站了半小时，观察着天上的星星.
Following the old man, the young people started walking slowly. 年轻人跟在老人的后面开始慢慢地走起来.
The old man went into the room, supported by his wife. 那个老人在他的妻子的搀扶下走进了房间。
Seated at the table, my father and I were talking about my job. 我和父亲坐在桌子旁边讨论着我的工作问题.
三. 从句综合练习
1. An idea occurred to me _____ I might turn to my English teacher for help.
A. which B. that C. where D. when
2. Word came from Mr. Smith _____ he could arrive on the following Saturday.
A. about which B. that C. whether D. of which
3. It was the belief _____ Alex Haley could find his “root” in Africa _____ made him decide to go to Gambia.
A. that; where B. where; that C. that; that D. how; which
4. _____ was known to them that Bob had broken his promise _____ he would give them a rise.
A. What; what B. It; which C. As; that D. It; that
5. The parents were worried about their daughter because nobody was aware of _____ she had gone.
A. to which B. the place which C. the place D. where
6. After five hours’ drive, they reached _____ they thought was the place they’d been dreaming of.
A. that B. where C. which D. what
7. They lost their way in the forest and _____ made matters worse was that night began to fall.
A. that B. this C. what D. which
8. ____ surprised me most was ______ they had finished it so quickly.
A. What, what B. That, that C. What, that D. That, what
9. The reason why she couldn’t come to the meeting was_____ she had not been invited.
A. because B. which C. that D. why
10. In some countries, ____ is called "equality" does not really mean equal rights for all people.
A. which B. that C. what D. one
11. Although he knew little about the work done in the field of physics, he succeeded ______other experienced experts failed.
A. which B. that C. what D. where
12. Father made a promise _____ I passed the examination he would buy me a bicycle.
A. that B. if C. whether D. that if
13. He wanted to make sure __________.
A. how we went there by bus B. where did we go C. what did we go there D. when we went there
14. _____ they won the game was ______ we had expected.
A. That; which B. Whether; that C. What; that D. That; what
15. The question came up at the meeting _____ we had enough money to do the research.
A. whether B. that C. if D. what
16. A modern city has been set up in _____ was a wasteland ten years ago.
A what B which C that D where
17. His suggestion ____ to see the exhibition interested everyone of us.
A. that we go B. which we should go C. that we would go D. when we should go
18. I’ve got to make ____ he told a lie.
A. that clear B. it clear that C. quite clear D. this clear that
19. Parents are taught to understand ______ important education is to their children’s future.
A. that B. how C. such D. so
20. You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is ______ I disagree.
A why B where C what D how
21. Great changes have taken place in that school. It is no longer ______ it was 20 years ago, _____ it was so poorly equipped.
A. what; when B. that; which C. what; which D. which; that
22. The way he did it was different we were used to.
A．in which B．in what C．from what D．from which
23. I was surprised by her words, which made me recognize ___ silly mistakes I had made.
A. what B. that C. how D. which
24. He knew the files could be of help to _____ took over the job.
A. whoever B. whomever C. whatever D. whosever
25. _____ China got the second place in the 2004 Olympic Games made the whole nation very excited.
A. Whenever B. Whether C. If D. That
四. 非谓语动词
1. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _______the next year.
A．carry out B．carrying out C．carried out D．to carry out
2. _____ time, he’ll make a fist-class tennis player.
A. Having given B. To give C. Giving D.Given
3. Mr. Smith, of the speech, started to read a novel.
A．tired; boring B．tiring; bored C．tired; bored D．tiring; boring
4. ______ the programme, they have to stay there for another two weeks.
A. Not completing B. Not completed C. Not having completed D. Having not completed
5. Helen had to shout _____ above the sound of the music.
A. making herself hear B. to make herself hear
C. making herself heard D. to make herself heard
6. with the size of the whole earth , the biggest ocean does not seem big at all .
A．Compare B．When comparing C．Comparing D．When compared
7. Having been attacked by terrorists, ________.
A. doctors cane to their rescue B. the tall building collapsed
C. an emergency measure was taken D. warnings were given to tourists
8. When first______ to the market, these products enjoyed great success.
A introducing B introduced C introduce D being introduced
9. Victor apologized for __________ to inform me of the change in the plan.
A. his being not able B. him not to be able C. his not being able D. him to be not able
10. Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage _________ the girl and took her away, _________ into the woods.
A. seizing..,disappeared B. seized.., disappeared
C. seizing, disappearing D. seized, disappearing
11. I couldn’t do my homework with all that noise __________.
A. going on B. goes on C. went on D. to go on
12. ______ in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor.
A. Dressed B. To dress C. Dressing D. Having dressed
13. He got well-prepared for the job interview, for he couldn’t risk _______ the good opportunity.
A. to lose B. losing C. to be lost D. being lost
14. It was unbelievable that the fans waited outside the gym for three hours just _______ a look at the sports stars.
A. had B. having C. to have D. have
15. I really can't understand ______ her like that.
A. you treat B. you to treat C. why treat D. you treating
16. --- Have you considered _____ your job as a teacher?
--- Yes. I like the job because a teacher is often considered _____ a gardener.
A. to change; to be B. to change; being C. changing; being D. changing; to be
17. The dog, _____, will be made a good watchdog.
A. to train properly B. being trained properly C. properly to train D. trained properly
18. _____ the front door _____, he had to enter the room through the back door.
A. Seen; painted B. Seeing; painted C. Being seen; being painted D. Seeing; being painted
19. He looked around and caught a man _____ his hand into the pocket of a passenger.
A. put B. to be putting C. to put D. putting
20. You can’t imagine what great trouble they have _____ the problem _____.
A. to solve; being talked about B. solving; discussing
C. to solve; to talk about D. solving; being discussed
21. The monument was built in honor of the explorer who was believed _____ the river.
A. to have discovered B. to have been discovered C. to discover D. having been discovered
22. The thief fell to the ground, his left foot _____ and blood _____ down from his mouth.
A. breaking; running B. broken; running C. breaking; run D. broken; run
23. When he came back to life, he found himself _____ on a chair, with his hands _____ back.
A. to sit; tying B. sitting; tying C. seating; tied D. seated; tied
24. The joke told by Tom made us _____, so the teacher couldn’t make himself _____.
A. to laugh; hearing B. laughing; heard C. laughing; hear D. laughed; heard
25. All of the flowers now _____ here have developed from those once _____ in the forest.
A. raised; grown B. rising; growing C. raised; growing D. rising; grown
26. Henry can’t attend the party _____ at Tom’s house at present because he is preparing the speech at the party _____ at Marie’s house tomorrow.
A. held; being held B. to be held; to be held C. to be held; held D. being held; to be held
27. Don’t worry. I’ll have it _____ and get someone _____ it to you tomorrow.
A. typed; send B. to type; to send C. type; send D. typed; to send
28. The sun was shining brightly, _____ everything there _____ more beautiful.
A. making; look B. to make; looked C. and made; looking D. and making; be looked
29. New ideas sometimes have to wait for years before _____.
A. being fully accepting B. fully accepting C. having fully accepted D. fully accepted
30. I’m examining the article he has just finished _____ the possible mistakes in it.
A. being corrected B. to correct C. corrected D. having corrected
31. _____ full preparations, we decided to put off the meeting till next week.
A. We did not make B. Having not made C. We had not made D. Not having made
32. I regret _____ hard at school, or I would have succeeded in passing the exam.
A. not to work B. having not worked C. to have not worked D. not having worked
33. _____ and out of breath, we reached the top of the mountain and stopped _____ the beautiful scenery.
A. Tiring; to admire B. Being tired; admiring C. Tired; to admire D. Tired; admiring
34. _____ as the most excellent student in her university, as most classmates had expected, made her parents very happy.
A. Mary was chosen B. Mary chosen C. Mary being chosen D. Mary’s being chosen
35. _____ the big snake, the little girl stood under the tree _____ to death.
A. Seeing; frightened B. Seeing; frightening C. Seen; frighten D. To see; frightening
36. You will see this product made in this factory _____ wherever you go.
A. to be advertised B. advertised C. advertise D. advertising
37. Mr. Green is said _____ an experiment to prove the new method of solving the problem when young.
A. to do B. to have done C. to be doing D. to have been doing
38. Mrs. White found her husband surrounded by letters and papers and _____ very worried.
A. looking B. looks C. look D. to look
39. _____ what the situation would be like, they decided to keep silent.
A. Having not known B. Knowing not C. Not know D. Not knowing
40. He is rather difficult to make friends with, but his friendship, _____, is more true than any other.
A. once gained B. when to gain C. after gaining D. while gaining
41. From the dates _____ on the gold coin, we decided that it was made five hundred years ago.
A. marking B. marked C. to be marked D. having been marked
42. I have got a loaf of bread; now I’m looking for a knife _____.
A. to cut it with B. to cut with it C. with it to cut D. it to cut with
43. --- I can’t see the words on the blackboard clearly.
--- Why, your eyes need _____. Perhaps you need _____ glasses.
A. examining; wearing B. to examine; wearing C. to be examined; to wear D. examined; wearing
44. _____ two years to looking after her mother, she badly needed a holiday.
A. Devoted B. Having been devoted C. Having devoted D. Devoting
45. The bank is reported in the local newspaper _____ in broad daylight.
A. to be robbed B. to have been robbed C. robbed D. having been robbed
46. It is encouraging to see many students who had great difficulty in learning English _____ the chance to improve their English.
A. having B. to have C. who have D. have
47. The young men hurried to the restaurant, only _____ the singer had left.
A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. told
48. The old man, _____ in the city for forty years, is on the way back to his village.
A. to work B. working C. to have worked D. having worked
五． 基础写作
THE VALUE OF TIME 爱惜时光
英国有句谚语说，时间就是金钱。我认为这是不对的。为什么？因为我们大家都知道我们能够用工作赚钱，但无论如何却无法把时间争取回来。基于此种理由，我们可以说时间比金钱更宝贵。
许多人不知爱惜时光。这确实是可惜的。我们必须记住浪费时间等于浪费生命。
Keys:
一. 短语
1. take
away 带走 2. take
away 拿走 3. take
back 收回，带回 4. take back 带回，送回
5. take down 拿下 6. take down 记下 7. take off 拿下，脱掉 8. take
off 救起，营救
9. take off 起飞 10. take out 取出 11. take
out 带某人出去 12. take
place 发生
13. take place 举行，举办 14. take
up 从事某项活动，发展某种爱好 15. take
up 占去时间
16. take
up 占去地方 17.take a look at 18. take a message for sb.
19. take a seat 20. take
aim 21. take an active part
in 22. take care of 23. take great trouble to do sth.
24. take hold of 25. take it
easy 26. take on a new
look 27. take one's place
28. take one's temperature
29. take one's turn
30. take photos 31.
take pride in
32. take
sb./sth. by mistake 33. take
sth. for granted 34. take the
place of 35. take the side of
36. take this seat
三. 从句综合练习
1—5 BBCDD 6—10 DCCCC 11—15 DDDDA 16—20 AABBB 21—25 ACAAD
四. 非谓语动词
1—5 CDACD 6—10 DBBCD 11—15 AABCD 16—20 DDDDD 21—25 BBDBC 26—30 DDADB
31—35 DDCDA 36—40 BBCDA 41—45 BACCB 46—48 DBD
五. 基础写作
An English proverb says that time is money. I consider it (this) wrong. Why? Because we all know that we can earn money by work but can not in any way get back time. For this reason, we may (can) say that time is more valuable than money.
Many people do not know the value of time. It (this) is indeed a great pity. We must keep in mind that wasting time is equal to wasting your life.