高考英语综合复习12
重点词汇、短语与句型：
1.benefit from 从…中获益
2.all the way 一直；一路上
3.take advantage of 对…加以利用
4.give off 释放，放出
5.call in 召集
6.a variety of 种类繁多的
7.put …in prison 把…投入监狱
8.join hands 携手，合伙
9.the Civil War （美国）内战
10.set an example to 为…树立榜样
11.from then on 从那时起
12.start with 以…开始
13.regardless of 不理会，不顾
14.at first sight 乍一看，初见之下
15.look into 调查，观察
16.every now and then 不时地
17.get/be tired of 对…失去兴趣
18.be measured in 以…来计算（测量）
19.agree on 就…达成协议
20.forbid sb. to do sth. 禁止某人做某事
21.believe in 信仰，信奉
22.the Nobel Peace Prize 诺贝尔和平奖
23.fight for political rights 为争取政治权利而战
24.achieve the goal 达到目标
25.be sensitive to… 对…敏感
26.that is 那就是说
27.with respect 尊敬地
28.in vain 徒劳，白辛苦
29.take a chance 冒险，碰运气
30.insist on 坚持（做）
31.as a result 结果
32.put out 出版，扑灭
33.on sale 出售，减价
34.in turn 转而，反过来，轮流
35.提建议和表达观点：
We should/could…
What will we do if…?
If we …, we can…
It would be better to…
Can you think of a better way to…?
36.谈论起因和结果：
What happened first was that…
…happened as a result of…
That led to…
One of the reasons why …is…
…is often followed by…
37.描绘处所：
What does your hometown look like?
Are there…?
There is …in the north.
How long/wide/high/tall is the …?
It’s …metres/feet long/wide/high/tall.
It looks like…
38.表达抱怨与应答：
I’m sorry to say…
I’m so sorry.
I hate to have to say this, but…
I will look into it immediately.
Why didn’t you tell me the truth?
You really have to do something about…
知识点归纳：
1.join v.
* 连接；参加，加入
短语搭配：
join…to… 把…和…连接起来
join up 连接起来
join sb. (in…) 和某人一起（做某事）
join hands 携手，联手，合伙
⑴The island
is joined to the mainland by a bridge.
岛上有座桥与大陆相连。
⑵The new
high way has joined our commune to the city.
这条新公路把我们的公社与城市连接起来了。
⑶Will you
join us in the discussion ?
你和我们一起讨论好吗？
⑷He joined
the League in 2003.
他是在2003年入团的。
⑸He joined
his wife in the study of medicine.
他与妻子一起研究医学。
⑹He joined
up the two pipes.
他把两个管子连接起来。
*辨析：
join , join in 和take part in：
表示加入某群体、党派、组织或入伍成为其中一员，应用join；
表示参加某一活动一般用join in,后接表示活动的名词或动词的---ing形式；
take part in 参加（群众性活动、会议等），往往指参加者持积极态度，起一份作用。
⑴I’ll never
forget the day when I joined the
Party.
我永远忘不了入党的那一天。
⑵Where did
your brother study before he joined the army?
你哥哥入伍前在什么地方学习。
⑶All the
students took part in the thorough cleaning.
所有的学生都积极参加了大扫除。
⑷Did she
join in carrying the bricks?
她参加搬砖了吗？
⑸Will you join us in going to the movie?
请你和我们一起去看电影好吗？
考题链接：
Will you ______ us _______ our discussion?
A. join in; in B. join; for C. attend; in D. join; in
解析：
join sb. in sth.为习惯搭配，意为“参加某人的某项活动”。join in的宾语应是比赛或具体活动，attend的宾语应是会议，集会之类的词，不以人作宾语。
答案：D
2.
be/get tired of sb./sth./doing sth. 对…感到厌倦，对…失去兴趣
be tired out 筋疲力尽
be tired from/with… 因…而疲劳
⑴I am tired
of waiting.
我等得厌倦了。
⑵I’m tired
of listening to your criticisms.
我听腻了你的批评。
⑶The
workers were tired from their
day-long work.
工人们干了一天的活，非常疲劳。
⑷I’m tired
of your stupid remarks.
我听烦了你的蠢话。
⑸I’m tired
out, so I’ll go to bed.
我累坏了，所以我要睡觉。
⑹He was
tired with running.
他跑得累了。
*
tireless adj. 不易疲倦的，精力充沛的
tiresome adj. 令人厌倦的，讨厌的
3.
(every) now and then 不时地
(every) now and again 不时地
from time to time 不时地
⑴I like to
go to the opera now and then.
我喜欢偶尔去看歌剧。
⑵Every now
and again she went upstairs to see if he was still asleep.
她时而到楼上看看他是否还在睡觉。
⑶Every now
and then there is a quarrel.
不时会有争吵。
⑷I still
see her every now and then.
我时常能看到她。
其他有关now 的短语搭配：
now that… 既然，由于
now then 用以引出要说的话，以提出建议或征询回应
from now on 从现在开始
just now 刚才；此刻，现在
up to now 到现在为止
⑴Now that
you mention it, I do remember the incident.
经你一提，我想起那件事了。
⑵Now then,
are there any comments on this report?
喂，对这个报告有什么意见吗？
⑶From now
on I will try to do better.
从现在开始我将尽量做的好些。
⑷He
telephoned just now.
他刚才来过电话。
⑸I am busy just now.
我此刻正忙。
⑹Up to now
he’s been quiet.
直到此刻他仍然保持安静。
4.look into
*调查
⑴We’ll look
into the matter together.
我们将一起调查这件事情。
⑵The police
are looking into the case.
警方正在调查这个案件。
⑶They are
looking into the cause of the fire.
他们正在调查这场大火的起因。
⑷His
disappearance is being looked into by the police.
他失踪一事警方正在调查。
*往…里面看，注视…的内部
⑴He looked
into each room to see if anyone was in.
他往每个房间里看了看，想看看是否有人在。
⑵I looked
into her eyes to see if she was telling the truth.
我注视着她的眼睛，想看看她是否在说真话。
其他look短语搭配：
look sb. up and down 上下打量某人
look oneself 看起来跟以前一样健康
look down on/upon 看不起，轻视
look forward to … 期待着…
look on …as… 把…看作…
look through 仔细检查；快速阅读
look sth. up （在词典或参考书中）查阅（词或资料）
look up to sb. 尊敬某人
look back on… 回忆…
look around 四下环顾，四处寻找
look like 看起来像…，是…的样子
⑴I didn’t
like the way he looked me up and down before speaking to me.
我不喜欢他在跟我说话之前上下打量我的那种方式。
⑵You are
not looking yourself today.
今天你看上去气色不太好。
⑶He was
looked down on because of his humble background.
他因家世寒微而被人看不起。
⑷We’re so
looking forward to seeing you again.
我们非常盼望再见到你。
⑸It looks
like rain.
看起来天要下雨。
⑹She’s
looked on as the leading authority
on the subject.
她被认为是该问题的主要权威。
⑺He looked
through the proposals through before approving them.
他逐一审查了各项建议才予以批准。
⑻If you
want to know how a word is used, look the word up in the Advanced Learner’s
Dictionary.
要想了解某词的用法，查《高阶词典》。
⑼He has
always looked up to his father.
他一向尊敬他的父亲。
⑽They like
to look back on those unforgettable years in the country.
他们喜欢回顾在农村的那些难忘的岁月。
⑾Don’t look
around; I don’t want him to notice us.
不要到处看，我不想让他注意到我们。
⑿I could
hardly remember what my
hometown looked like ten years ago.
我几乎记不起十年前我的家乡是什么样子。
5.
gather： 把分散的东西聚集在一起，不突出其选择性或目的性
collect： 指有选择、有目的或有计划的收集
⑴ We
gathered the fallen leaves and burned them.
我们把落叶扫在一起然后把它们烧了。
⑵She
gathered up her scattered belongings and left.
她把自己散乱的物品收好就走了。
⑶A crowd soon
gathered.
很快就聚集起一群人。
⑷I like
collecting stamps very much and I’ve collected many foreign stamps.
我喜欢集邮而且已收集了许多外国邮票。
⑸It took
him ten years to collect the ancient coins.
他花了十年的时间收集这些古代硬币。
6.cool adj. 凉的，凉爽的；冷静的；棒的
⑴Let’s sit
in the shade and keep cool.
咱们坐在阴凉处乘乘凉吧。
⑵He has a
cool head.
他头脑冷静（不易冲动）。
⑶Her guy’s
real cool.
她的男朋友真帅。
⑷It’s a
cool day today.
今天天气凉爽。
*v. （使）变凉，（使人）冷静
短语搭配：
cool off / down 变凉；冷却；冷静
⑴She’s very angry; don’t speak to her until she’s
cooled down.
她气极了，等她消消气再跟她说话。
⑵Open the
windows to cool the room.
打开窗户使房间凉快一点。
⑶I tried to
cool her down, but she was too angry.
我努力使她平静下来，但她还是很生气。
⑷It took
her a long time to cool down after the argument.
那次争论后，她好长时间才平静下来。
⑸A day in
jail cooed him off.
一天的铁窗生活使他冷静了下来。
7.fly
n. 苍蝇
v.
*飞，飞翔
⑴A large
bird flew past us.
一只大鸟从我们这里飞过。
⑵I can hear
a plane flying overhead.
我听到一架飞机正从上空飞过。
⑶The plane
flew around the city several times.
这架飞机在城市上空飞了好几圈。
*（指时间）飞逝
⑴Doesn’t
time fly!
时间过的真快呀！
⑵Summer has
just flown by.
夏天一晃就过去了。
*在空中飘动
Her hair is flying about in the wind.
她的头发随风飘动。
*用飞行器运送
⑴Only
experienced pilots fly large passenger aircraft.
只有有经验的飞行员才能驾驶大型客机。
⑵Five
thousand people were flown to Paris during the Easter weekend.
在复活节的周末有五千人乘飞机去巴黎。
*乘飞机
He flew to Rome yesterday.
他昨天乘飞机去罗马了。
*飞奔，飞驰，急速前进
⑴The train
flew past.
火车飞奔而过。
⑵The dog
flew down the road after the cat.
狗在马路上飞奔着追赶猫。
⑶The
children flew to meet their mother.
孩子们飞跑过去迎接妈妈。
*复合词：
dragonfly 蜻蜓
butterfly 蝴蝶
8.mass n.
* 团，块，堆
短语搭配：
a mass of…
=masses of… 大堆…，大团…，大块…
⑴There were
masses of dark clouds in the sky.
天上有朵朵乌云。
⑵The flowers made a mass of color against the
stone wall.
以石墙衬托着的花朵五彩缤纷。
⑶A mass of
snow and rock broke away and fell on the climbers.
一堆积雪和岩石突然崩落到登山者的身上。
*大量，大批，众多
短语搭配：
a mass of…
=masses of… 许多，大量
⑴I got
masses of cards on my birthday.
我生日的那天收到了很多贺卡。
⑵She
elbowed her way through the masses of tourists.
她用胳膊肘开路从众多的游客中挤了过去。
⑶A mass of
bread is wasted every day.
每天有很多面包被浪费了。
*其他常见搭配：
in the mass 总体上，总的来说
be a mass of sth. 充满，布满
⑴His face
was a mass of bruises after the fight.
他打完架后脸上青一块紫一块的。
⑵The garden
was a mass of color.
花园里景色五彩缤纷。
⑶She says
she doesn’t like children in the mass.
她说从总体上讲她不喜欢孩子。
* mass v. 聚集，集中
Dark clouds massed, and we expected rain.
阴云密布，我们预料要下雨了。
高考题链接：
The young dancers looked so charming in their beautiful clothes that we
took ______ pictures of them. (2003上海高考)
A. many of B. masses of C. the number of D. a large amount of
分析：
many of 后面应接带有定冠词的名词，意为“…中的许多”；masses of 大量的，后可以跟可数名词或不可数名词；the number of ……的数量；a large amount of 大量的，后接不可数名词。
答案：B
9.start v.
*开始，开始（某种活动）
⑴It started
raining/to rain.
开始下雨了。
⑵If
everyone is ready, we can start.
如果都准备好了，我们就可以开始了。
*着手做某事
⑴He just
started a new job.
他刚开始一项新工作。
⑵Have you
started (on) your next book
yet?
你开始看（或写）下一本书了吗？
*动身，起程
⑴We started
at six.
我们六点钟出发。
⑵We must
start (out) early.
我们必须早些动身。
*（发动机等）启动，（机器等）运转
I can’t start the car.
这辆汽车我发动不起来。
*短语搭配：
to start with (插入语) 首先，（状语）开始时，起初
start with =begin with 以…开始
start for… 动身前往
start something 惹事，闯祸
⑴A
thousand-li journey starts with the first step.
千里之行始于足下。
⑵It won’t
work; to start with, it’s a bad idea, and secondly, it’ll cost too much.
这件事行不通；首先，这个想法不好，其次，花钱太多。
⑶The club
had only six members to start with.
这个俱乐部最初只有六个成员。
⑷To start
with we haven’t enough money, and secondly we’re too busy.
一来我们的钱不够，二来我们没时间。
⑸What time
do you start for work?
你几点钟动身去上班？
⑹You
shouldn’t have spoken to him like that-----you’ve really started something now.
你不该像那样跟他说话-----这下你可闯了祸了。
高考题链接：
----What were you doing when Tony phoned you?
----I had just finished my work and ______ to take a shower. (2004天津高考)
A. had started B. started C. have started D. was starting
解析：start 着手干某事。根据问句“What were you doing when Tony phoned you?”，可知答句应用过去进行时。
答案：D
10.benefit n. 利益，实惠
短语搭配：
be of benefit to… 对…有好处
for the benefit of… 为…的利益
⑴The new
regulations will be of great benefit to us all.
新规章对我们大家都会大有好处。
⑵It is of
great benefit to everyone.
那对每个人都有很大益处。
⑶I have
done it for his benefit.
我为了他的利益才做那件事情。
* v. 使（某人/事）受益，得益
短语搭配：
benefit by/from… 得益
benefit … 对…有益
⑴These
facilities have benefited the whole town.
这些设施使全城受益。
⑵The medicine
will benefit you.
这种药对你有好处。
⑶He hasn’t
benefited from/by the experience.
他虽有体验却无长进。
⑷We benefit
by/from daily exercises.
每天做操对我们有好处。
⑸Who would
be most likely to benefit from the old man’s death?
老人去世以后，谁最可能获益。
考题链接：
The book was boring. It wasn’t _____ to me.
A. benefit B. benefited C. of little benefit D. of much benefit
解析：
be of benefit to…表示“对…有益”。根据句意：这本书对我没有多大益处。D项符合题意，而C项表示双重否定，不符合题意。
答案：D
11.relative
*n. 亲戚，亲属
My uncle is my nearest relative.
我叔叔是我关系最近的亲人。
*adj. 相对的，比较而言的
After his money troubles, he’s now living in relative comfort.
他的经济困难解决后，现在过着比较舒适的生活。
*relatively adv. 相对地，比较地；相当地，适度地
⑴Relatively
speaking, this matter is unimportant.
相对来说，这事并不重要。
⑵In spite
of her illness, she is relatively cheerful.
她尽管有病，但仍很快乐。
⑶She walks
relatively fast for a small child.
以小孩子而论，她走得相当快。
12.example n. 实例，榜样
短语搭配：
set an example to sb. = set sb. an example 给某人树立榜样
set a good example to sb.=set sb. a good example 给某人树立了一个好榜样
follow sb.’s example 仿效他人的作法
for example 例如
take…for example 以…为例
make an example of sb. 惩罚某人以警戒他人
⑴Her rudeness was a typical example of her usual bad
manners.
她的粗鲁正是她一贯态度恶劣的典型例证。
⑵The
government has reduced spending in several areas, for example, education and
health.
政府在几个方面，比如教育和卫生，减少了开支。
⑶The
headmaster decided to make an example of the pupil and expel him from the school.
校长决定开除该生以儆效尤。
⑷I don’t
want you to follow my example and rush into marriage.
我不希望你效法我，也仓促结婚。
⑸Let’s take
Peter for example.
我们以彼得为例吧。
考题链接：
Comrade Lei Feng _______ a good example to us and we should learn ______
him.
A. take, from B. make , of C. give, about D. set, from
解析：
“为某人树立榜样”应是set an example to sb。“向某人学习”应是learn from sb, learn of/about sb.表示“听说，获悉某人的一些情况”。
答案：D
13.prison n. 监狱
短语搭配：
in prison 坐牢，在狱中
out of prison 出狱
escape from prison 越狱
put …in/into prison 把…投进监狱
be taken/thrown to prison 被关入监狱
go to prison 入狱
⑴They have
been in prison for five years.
他们已经坐了五年牢。
⑵Anyone who
breaks the law should be thrown into prison.
任何人只要犯了法，就应该被投入监狱。
⑶She has
gone to prison.
她已入狱。
⑷He has
been out of prison.
他已出狱了。
⑸He escaped
from prison last night.
他昨晚越狱了。
*如果prison前面加定冠词，常指监狱这个地方。
eg.
They all went to the prison to visit the prisoners.
他们都到监狱里去看犯人了。
考题链接：
The murderer________ prison for ten years.
A. has been put in B. has been in C. has gone to D. has come out of
解析：
因为有时间状语for ten years，所以谓语动词应是延续性动词，而put in prison, go to prison, come out of
prison都是非延续性动作，都不可选。
答案：B
14.forbid v. 禁止，不许
常见搭配：
forbid doing sth. 禁止做某事
forbid sb. to do sth. 禁止某人做某事
⑴I can’t
forbid you/your seeing that man again.
我无法禁止你再和那个男人来往。
⑵He was
forbidden to smoke in this room.
禁止他在这个房间吸烟。
⑶I forbad
my daughter to use my car.
我不允许我女儿用我的汽车。
*类似搭配：
permit/allow/advise doing sth. 允许/允许/建议做某事
permit/allow/advise sb. to do sth. 允许/允许/建议某人做某事
⑴The rules
of the club do not permit/allow smoking.
俱乐部章程不准吸烟。
⑵They don’t
allow/permit you to enter the room.
他们不允许你进这个房间。
⑶The doctor
advised me to get more exercise.
医生建议我要多进行锻炼。
⑷I advise
waiting till the right time.
我建议等到适当的时候。
考题链接：
There is a board by the road, which ______ “Parking ______！”
A.writes; forbidden B. reading; forbidding
C. says; forbidden D. saying; forbidden
解析：
第一空意为“牌子上写着”， 可用says 或reads，因为是从句的谓语动词，不可用 reading或 saying。第二空是forbid parking的变化形式。因为两者之间是动宾关系，所以应是parking forbidden=no parking禁止停车。
答案：C
15.regard v. ＆ n.
短语搭配：
regard …as… 将…视为，把…看作
give/send my regards to… 代我向…问候
regardless of 不管，不顾
with /in regard to… 关于…
⑴They
decorated the house regardless of the cost.
他们装饰了房子，不顾及费用。
⑵Give him
my best regards.
代我向他问好。
⑶I regard
him as my good friend.
我把他看作我的好朋友。
⑷I regard
your action as a crime.
我认为你这种行为是犯罪行为。
⑸I have
nothing to say with regard to your complaints.
对于你的投诉，我无可奉告。
16.demand v. 要求，需要
常用搭配：
demand sth. 要求
demand to do sth. 要求做某事
demand sth. of/from sb. 要求某人…
demand that sb. (should) do sth.. 要求某人做某事
⑴I demanded
an immediate answer.
我要求立即给予答复。
⑵She
demanded to know my business.
她过问我的事情。
⑶Tom
demanded an immediate answer of Mary.
汤姆要求玛丽立即给予答复。
⑷He demands that he (should) be told everything.= He
demands to be told everything.
他要求将一切事情告诉他。
* n. 要求，需要
短语搭配：
demand for… 需求…，需要…
in demand 非常需要的
⑴The
workers’ demands for higher pay were refused by the employers.
工人要求提高工资遭到雇主拒绝。
⑵Good secretaries are always in demand.
好秘书总是很多人都需要的。
⑶She is in
great demand as a singer.
她是一个十分受欢迎的歌手。
⑷Tea is in
great demand.
茶的需求量很大。
高考题链接：
①----How do
you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers?
----The key ______ the problem is to meet the demand _____ by the
customers. (2002北京高考)
A. to solving； making B. to solving； made C. to solve； making D. to solve； made
解析：
key to 意为“…的关键”，to是介词，其后接名词或动名词；made 做demand的后置定语
答案：B
②In our
childhood, we were often _______
by Grandma to pay attention to our table manners.
(2005江苏高考)
A. demanded B. reminded C. allowed D. hoped
分析：
从语境来看，可以排除C项，再从动词搭配来考虑，A项、D项都只能用不定式来直接作宾语，只有B项可接动词不定式作宾语补足语。
答案：B
17.insist v. 坚持
常用搭配：
insist on sth./doing sth. 坚持干…，坚决主张，定要…
insist that sb.( should) do sth. 坚持某人干某事
⑴I insist
on your taking immediate action to put this right.
我坚决要求你把这件事情处理好。
⑵I insist
on your coming with me.
我一定要你和我同去。
⑶We
insisted on carrying out the work alone.
我们坚持独自完成这项工作。
*insist表示“坚持说”时，后面不能用虚拟语气（即：不能用sb. should do sth.）
⑴She
insisted that she was innocent.
她坚持说自己是清白的。
⑵He
insisted he heard someone in the next room.
他坚持说他听到隔壁房间里有人。
高考题链接：
----How do you ______ we go to Beijing for our holiday?
----I think we’d better fly there. It’s much more comfortable. (2004福建高考)
A. insist B. want C. suppose D. suggest
解析：
insist 坚持，want想要，suppose猜想，认为，suggest建议。
根据答语“-I think we’d better fly there. It’s much more comfortable.”，可知这是 “I”的一种建议。do you suggest在句中做插入语。
答案：D
同步练习：
一、 单词拼写：
1.The sea air will ______(有益于) you.
2.Her children’s ages r______ from three to eighteen.
3.The tips of the fingers are particularly _______(敏感).
4.My father f______ watching TV too much, that is to say, I am not allowed
to watch TV too much at home.
5.July 4th is American _________(独立) Day.
6.The scientist still needed to _________ (分析) the data before drawing a conclusion.
7.Some people are ________ (贪婪) for money and some for power.
8.It is easier for a physical wound to heal than a m_______ one.
9.Although Tom left school more than ten years ago, he still keeps in
touch with his _____(以前的) classmates.
10.The police _______ (逮捕) the thief.
11.He _______ (坚持) that we should not rest until we finished
the work.
12.The reason why the American Civil War broke out was whether to a_______
slavery or not.
13.Do you know which big cities are at the same ________(纬度) as Rio de Janeiro?
14._______ (奴隶制) is the system by which some people are
owned by others.
15.The soil can a________ water, so it helps to keep water from flowing
away.
二、书面表达：
假设你叫王海，你的家乡原来有很多茂密的森林，但后来由于毁林种粮、放牧，现在森林已变成了荒漠
（wasteland）。请你于3月1日向一家英文报社写一封100词左右的信反映这个问题。
答案与提示：
一、
1.benefit 2.range 3.sensitive 4.forbids 5.Independence
6.analyse 7.greedy 8.mental 9.former 10.arrested
11.insisted 12.abolish 13.altitude 14.Slavery 15.absorb
二、
1．应采用书信的格式
2．应包括以下要点：
①家乡原来的样子：森林茂密 （一般过去时态）
②人们的破坏行为：毁林种粮，放牧 （一般过去时态）
③家乡现在的样子：土地沙漠化（一般现在时态）
March 1st
Dear editor,
Some years ago, my hometown used to be a beautiful place. Thick trees and
green grass could be seen all over the hills. As time went on, people destroyed
almost the whole forest to grow more crops. To make matters worse, people let
their cattle eat up the grass. So, you can only see wasteland instead of green
forests now. As a result, when it rains, the soil is washed down the hills and
into the rivers. Strong winds also blow away the valuable soil that lies on the
top of the field. I do hope all the people will take good care of the forests
and plant more trees to improve our living conditions.
Yours,
Wang Hai