高考英语综合复习11
重点短语及句型：
1.hear about 听说
2.get prepared for 为---作好准备
3.be scared to death 被吓死
4.get into a panic 恐慌
5.at a distance 在远处
6.at hand 手头上
7.pick out 挑选出
8.hold one’s breath 屏住呼吸
9.on board 上（车、船、飞机等）
10.What’s up? 你好吗？/ 有什么事吗？
11.all of a sudden 突然
12.draw near 靠近
13.set foot in 到达，进入，踏上
14.rely on 指望
15.put forward 提出，建议
16.in common 共同的
17.have effect on 对---有影响
18.come along 随同；顺利进行
19.aim at 以---为目标；瞄准
20.burn out 烧光
21.long before 很久以前
22.set out 出发，动身
23.come on 随后来；加油
24.表示打算和遗愿：
If I got the money, I would ---
I want/wish/hope/intend---
My plan is to ---
I am thinking of ---
25.表示怀疑
I doubt---
I can’t imagine---
I am afraid that I can’t follow---
I can’t believe my eyes.
26.表示担心、恐惧和惊慌
How terrible!
I think it’s unpleasant---
I get very upset.
What’s really scary---
I’m frightened to death by ---
It makes my hair stand on end.
It makes me feel uneasy when ---
What terrifies me ---
What’s wrong?
Is there anything the matter?
知识点归纳：
1.observe v.
(1)观察，注意到
后面可跟名词或代词做宾语，也可跟不带to的不定式或分词作宾补，还可跟从句作宾语。也可用做不及物动词。
I observed a letter on the table.
我注意到桌上有一封信。
She observed his actions with interest.
她很有兴趣地观察他的行动。
He has been observing the behavior of birds for many years.
多年来他一直观察鸟类的行为。
The police observed the man open the window.
警察看到那个人打开了窗户。
His neighbor observed a stranger go into his house.
他的邻居看到一个陌生人进入他家。
= A stranger was observed to go into his house.
We observed that it had turned cloudy.
我们发现天已转阴。
I observed that several students were asleep.
我注意到有几个学生睡着了。
Please observe carefully.
请仔细观察。
(2)评说，评论
He observed that it would probably have snow that afternoon.
他说那天下午可能会下雪。
He observed on the new project.
他陈述对新计划的意见。
(3)
observation n. 观察力，观察
observer n. 观察者
2.awake
(1)adj. 表语形容词 “醒着的，被唤醒的”（可作后置定语）
Is he awake or asleep?
他是醒着还是睡着了？
We should be awake to what is going on.
我们应了解正在进行中的事。
Anyone awake heard the sound.
任何醒着的人都听到了那个声音。
I have lain awake all night thinking of the problem.
我彻夜未眠，一直在考虑这个问题。
She lay in bed, awake, deep in thought last night.
她昨天晚上躺在床上，醒着陷入沉思。
wide awake 完全醒着
sound/fast asleep 熟睡
(2)v. 唤醒，叫醒
Please awake me at six o’clock tomorrow.
明天早上六点请把我叫醒。
You must awake to the fact that failure will mean disgrace.
你必须觉悟到失败就是耻辱这一事实。
He awoke to his responsibility.
他意识到了自己的责任。
When he awoke, his mother was beside him.
他醒来时，他妈妈在他身边。
使用wake表示此意义时，常与up连用。
No one can wake her up when she is asleep.
当她睡着的时候，谁也叫不醒她。
3.come on
(1) vi. 跟随，随后
You had better go now. I’ll come on later.
你最好现在走，我随后就来。
(2) vi. （夜晚、季节）到来、来临；（雪、雨）开始降落；（感冒）开始、发生
Night came on.
夜晚来临了。
I feel a cold coming on.
我觉得我好象感冒了。
(3) vi. 进行，发展，成长
How is your English coming on?
= How are you coming on with English?
你英语念得怎样了？
(4) vi. （演员、选手等）出场，登台
He is coming on in the next scene.
下一场他才会出场。
(5) （戏剧、电影等）上演，（电视）播放
What time does the news come on?
新闻几点开始播放？
(6) vt （偶然）看见，发现
I came on this bag in a tiny little store.
我在一家小店发现这个袋子。
(7) vt. 袭击
Fear came on her when all the lights suddenly went out.
所有的灯突然熄灭时，她感到一阵恐惧侵袭上来。
(8) （用于祈使句）表示催促、劝诱、激励、提醒等
Come on! We’re going to be late.
快点，我们迟到了。
Come on in!
进来吧！
高考链接：
---It’ll take at least 2 hours to do this!
---Oh, ____! I could do it in 30 minutes. (2005NMET天津)
A. come on B. pardon me C. you are right D. don’t mention it
答案 A
分析 come on这里表示一种催促或挑战，可译为“得了吧，我半小时就能做完”。
4.aboard, board, on board, abroad
(1) aboard adv. 在船（飞机、车）上；上船（飞机、车）
(2) board vt. 上车，上船
(3) on board 在船（车）上，上船（车等）
(4) abroad adv. 在国外，到海外
The boat is ready to leave. All aboard!
船就要开了，请大家上船。
It’s time to go aboard.
该上船（车、飞机）了。
Then we boarded the bus and headed for the airport.
然后我们上了汽车向机场开去。
What time shall we go on board?
我们什么时候上船（车）？
He lives abroad for many years.
他在国外住了很多年。
They are sent abroad to work.
他们被派往国外工作。
The professor is engaged from abroad.
这位教授是从国外聘来的。
* overboard adv. 自船边缘落入水中
They were thrown overboard when they were on the sea.
他们出海时船翻了。
5.likely adj.
(1)可能的
The train is likely to be late.
这趟火车很可能晚点。
(2)有希望的，合适的
She is the most likely girl to win the prize.
她是最有希望得奖的女孩。
I have found a likely house at last.
最后我找了一间合适的房子。
(3)
It is likely that---
sb. is likely to do---
She is not likely to come next month.
她下个月可能不来。
It is very likely that he will not agree.
很可能他不同意。
(4)likely 常用词，指“从表面迹象看很可能”
possible 指“由于有适当的方法和条件，某事可能发生或做到”，强调“客观上有可能”，但实际希望很小。
probable语气比possible强，指有根据合情理、值得相信的事物，有“大概、可能”的意思。
likely后可跟不定式，possible/probable之后不跟不定式；likely的主语可以是人，possible/probable的主语不能是人。
The hurricane is likely to come.
飓风可能要来。
It is possible to go to the moon now.
现在有可能登上月球。
I don’t think the story is probable.
我不认为这个故事合情理。
6.flee, escape
(1)flee (fled, fled) vt.vi. 逃跑
The thief fled from the house into the night.
小偷从房子里逃到黑夜中。
The enemy fled in every direction.
敌人四处逃散。
The driver fled the scene of an accident.
司机从肇事地点逃跑。
He was forced to flee his native village to join the rebel army.
他被迫逃离家乡参加了叛军。
(2) escape vt.vi. 逃脱；渗漏，泄露；逃脱危险或伤害
Gas was escaping.
煤气正渗漏出来。
Ten prisoners had escaped.
十个罪犯越狱了。
Her name escaped me.
我忘了她的名字。
The book’s significance escaped him.
他不懂那本书的重要意义。
A sigh escaped my lips.
我不禁叹了口气。
He has escaped being punished.
他逃脱了惩罚。
7.right
(1)adv. 径直地，恰好地，正确地，彻底地
You should come right home after school.
放学后你应该直接回家。
The punch hit him right on the nose.
这一拳正好打在他的鼻子上。
He cannot pronounce my name right.
他无法正确念出我的名字。
She acted right.
她的行为规规矩矩。
Go right to the end of this winding road, and then turn left.
走完这条弯弯曲曲的路，再向左转。
(2)adj. 右边的，正确的，合适的
Your ring is in her right hand.
你的耳环在她的右手里。
What you said doesn’t sound right.
你说的听起来不对。
He’s the right man for the job.
他是这项工作的合适人选。
(3)n. 正义，正确，权利
You did right to tell your teacher the truth.
你把真相告诉老师是对的。
Everyone should know the difference between right and wrong.
每个人都应该明辨是非。
Who gives you the right to say that?
谁给你权利说那些？
8.upon prep. 一---就---
Upon arrival, he gave a phone call to his mother.
一到他就给母亲打了电话。
Upon/On hearing the news, he burst into tears.
他一听到这消息就哭了起来。
Upon his arrival in France, he began his shopping.
他一到法国就开始了购物。
Upon our arrival at the railway station, we received their warm welcome.
我们一到车站就受到了他们的欢迎。
We are completely independent upon your help.
在你们的帮助下，我们完全独立了。
Once upon a time, there lived a woman wizard.
很久以前，这里住着一个女巫。
9.sight n.
(1)视域，望见
catch sight of 看见
lose sight of 看不见
in/within/out of sight
at the sight of 一看见---（就---）
at first sight 一眼
As he caught sight of his old friend, he shouted his name.
他看见了老朋友，大叫他的名字。
No vehicle is in sight.
一辆车都看不见。
The train was out of sight.
列车很快消失了。
She flared up at the sight of her son smoking.
她一看见儿子抽烟就勃然大怒。
He recognized his father’s handwriting at first sight.
他一眼就认出了他父亲的笔迹。
(2)景象 （指某地的名胜古迹时用复数）
What a beautiful sight these boats in the river make!
河上的那些船构成一幅多么美丽的景象啊！
Come and see the sights of Shanghai!
来上海游览名胜古迹。
10.put forward
(1)提出，推荐，提名
In 1860, a better plan was put forward by an Englishman, William Low.
1860年，一个名叫威廉的人提出了一个更好的计划。
Shall we put Mr William forward as the candidate for chairman of the
committee?
我们提名威廉先生作为委员会主席的候选人好吗？
(2)使---显眼
put oneself forward 出风头，引人注目
(3)有关短语
put down 写下，记下
Put it down to my account, please.
请记在我的帐上。
put down as 看作
I’d put him down as an uneducated man.
我把他看作没受过教育的人。
put in 打断，插嘴
“Don’t forget us,” she put in.
“别忘了我们，”她插嘴道。
put off 延期，推迟
Don’t put off until tomorrow what can be done today.
今天可以做的事不要推迟到明天。
考题链接：
Most people didn’t accept the theory when it was first _____.(2005启东模拟)
A. set about B. set off C. put forward D. put out
答案 C
分析 put forward 提出；本句意思是“这个理论当初提出时，多数人不能接受”。
11.apply
(1)vi. 申请，应用，适用
I applied for a scholarship.
我申请了奖学金。
She has applied for a job as an English teacher.
她应征了英语教师的工作。
He applied to the government for financial help.
他向政府申请财务援助。
(2)vt. 对---施用，贴，涂抹
The nurse applied a bandage to the wound.
护士将伤口包上绷带。
(3) vt.vi. 对---适用，适合
You can’t apply this rule to every case.
= This rule can’t be applied to every case.
这个规则不能适用于所有情况。
What you said doesn’t apply to me
你所说的不适合我。
The doctor has applied laser to an operation.
这位医生用激光进行了一次手术。
12.remember, remind, memorize, recall
(1)remember 记住，记得
remember doing 记得已经做过某事
remember to do 记得要去做某事
I still remember his face.
我仍然记得他的面容。
I remember locking the door.
我记得锁了门。
I remember to lock the door.
我记得要锁门。
(2)remind 提醒，使想起
remind sb. of sth.
remind sb. to do
This photo reminds me of her mother.
这张照片使我想起了她母亲。
(3)memorize 记住，记忆，指有目的的记忆
He has memorized all the words in this dictionary.
他记住了这本字典中的所有单词。
(4)recall 指经过一定的思索而记起某一件事，强调一次的回忆
I don’t recall his name.
我不记得他的名字。
Can you recall your schooldays?
你能回忆起学生时代的情形吗？
13.set about
(1)set about 开始某工作，着手于某事，后接名词或动名词
I advise you to set about your work without delay.
我建议你立即开始工作。
I’ll set about preparing supper.
我要开始做晚饭了。
(2) set out 开始，着手；动身，起程 后接不定式
They set out to perform the operation.
他们开始做手术。
They set out to work as soon as they arrived.
他们一到就开始干了起来。
Half an hour later, we set out again on our journey.
半小时后，我们又开始启程了。
They set out for Rome.
他们动身去罗马。
(3)set off 出发，动身（= set about）
We all set off for New York next Tuesday.
下周二我们动身去纽约。
They have set off on a journey round the world.
他们已出发作环球旅行。
(4)
set aside 留出，存储
set to work 开始干
set foot on/in 登上，涉足
set up 搭建；成立
Let’s set up the tent first.
我们先把帐篷搭起来。
Edison set up a chemical lab of his own at the age of ten.
爱迪生10岁就建立了他自己的化学实验室。
高考链接：
It’s ten years since the scientist ____ on his life’s work of discovering
the valuable chemical. (NMET2004江苏)
A. made for B. set out C. took off D. turned up
答案 B
分析 B 表示开始着手做某事
14.hesitate
(1)vi. 犹豫，迟疑
She hesitated before picking up the phone.
她拿起听筒前犹豫了一下。
She’s still hesitating about sending her son to college.
对于是否送儿子上大学，她仍然犹豫不决。
We seldom hesitate about where to stay in Paris.
去巴黎住哪儿，我们很少拿不定主意。
Don’t hesitate to tell me if you have any requests.
如果你有什么要求，请告诉我，不要犹豫。
I hesitate to ask you, but will you recommend me for the post?
拜托你真不好意思，但你能推荐我去担任那个职务吗？
(2)
hesitatingly adv. 犹豫地，吞吞吐吐地
hesitation n. 犹豫
I had no hesitation in telling the truth.
我毫不迟疑地说出实情。
15.比较级表示最高级含义
英语中有时比较级使用在一些具体语境中，可以表达最高级的含义：
Mike is more intelligent than any other student in his class.
麦克比班上任何一个其他的学生都聪明。
Time is more precious than anything else.
时间比其他任何东西都宝贵。
No one can sing better than he.
没人比他唱得更好。
I have never seen a better film.
我没看过更好的电影。
Nothing is easier than this.
没有比这更简单的了。
比较级表达最高级含义时，句中往往有否定词或由any构成的不定代词。
高考链接：
Bob ran the 100 meters in 9.91 seconds, and I have not seen _______ this
year. (NMET2005浙江)
A. the best B. better C. the most D. more
答案 B
分析 本句中使用否定句的比较级表达最高级。
16.as用法小结
(1)conj.
引导时间状语从句，表示主从句的动作同时发生。
As he looked at her she made a face.
他看她时，她做了个鬼脸。
He sang as he walked.
他边走边唱。
引导原因状语从句，表示比较明显的原因，常放在主句前。
As he didn’t know much English, he got out his dictionary and looked up
the word.
由于他不懂多少英语，他拿出词典查了这个词。
表示“如（不如）---一样”，引导方式状语从句。
He does not speak as the other people do.
他不象其他人那样肯说话。
He is not so diligent as you.
他不如你勤奋。
引导倒装的让步状语从句，表示“虽然、尽管”，将表语或状语提到句首，如果表语是名词，放到句首时不能加冠词。
Young as he is, he knows a lot.
尽管年轻，他懂得很多。
Old man as he is, he still works hard.
尽管他是个老人，他仍然工作很努力。
(2)pron.
用作关系代词，引导限定性定语从句，先行词前常有such, the same修饰。
We’ll make such computers as are needed in different branches of science.
我们将制造出各科学部门所需要的那种计算机。
I’m reading the same book as you.
我读的书与你相同。
引导非限定性定语从句，先行词通常是整个主句，从句可以位于句首。
The two cities are far away from each other, as you can see in the map.
正如你在地图上看见的那样，这两座城市相距甚远。
As everyone knows, all that glitters is not gold.
大家都知道，发光的不都是金子。
(3)as if/ as though
引起方式状语从句或表语从句，若表示与事实相反或实现可能性很小，从句谓语动词用虚拟语气。
Tom is talking about China as if he had been there.
汤姆在谈论中国，就好象他去过一样。
It looks as if it’s going to rain.
天看起来要下雨。
This meat tastes as if it has already gone bad.
这块肉尝起来好象已经坏了。
He glanced about as if in search of something.
他四处打量好象在搜寻什么。
He waved his hand to me as if to have something to tell me.
他向我挥了挥手，好象有事情要告诉我。
17.部分名词后接不定式或介词+动名词
(1)chance, way, opportunity, time等名词后既可用不定式，又可用介词+动名词作定语。
I’d like to have a chance to see/ of seeing your teacher.
我想找一个机会见一见你的老师。
I’m glad to have the opportunity to talk/ of talking to you.
很高兴有机会跟你谈话。
(2)ability, resolution , tendency等名词后常用不定式做定语。
Does he have the ability to do the work?
他有能力做这个工作吗？
He has made a resolution to go abroad.
他决定出国。
She has a tendency to become fat.
她有发胖的趋势。
(3)被修饰的普通名词前有序数词修饰时，名词的后置定语用不定式。
She is the first one to understand that.
她是第一个理解的人。
He is always the first to come and the last to leave.
他总是第一个来，最后一个离开。
(4)habit, idea, intention, method, objection等名词后，通常只跟介词+动名词作定语。
I have the habit of taking a nap after lunch.
我有午饭后睡觉的习惯。
She dismissed the idea of becoming an artist.
她打消了当艺术家的念头。
He had no intention of keeping his word.
他不想遵守诺言。
We like his methods of teaching English.
我们喜欢他教英语的方法。
He had an objection to doing it.
他反对做那件事。
18.cause
(1)v. 引起，导致，使发生
He often causes trouble to people.
他常给人们惹麻烦。
His illness caused him to miss the game.
他因病不能参加比赛。
(2)n. 原因，起因
Carelessness is often the cause of fires.
粗心常常是火灾的起因。
(3)n. 原则或事业
She fought for the cause all her life.
她一生都在为事业奋斗。
(4)
cause 指引起某种后果的起因
reason 指决定做某件事或采取某一行动的理由或原因
excuse “辩解、借口”,指做出的解释，往往是托词。
The cause of the accident was the fact that he was driving too fast.
事故的原因是他车开得太快。
The reason for my absence was that I was ill.
我没来是因为我病了。
Too much work is no excuse for not studying.
工作太忙不能成为不学习的理由。
19.view
(1)n. 视力，视野
My view of the harbor was blocked by the new building.
新大楼挡住了我的视线，我看不见港口。
The valley was hidden from view in the mist.
山谷笼罩在雾中，看不见。
(2)n. 风景，景色
There’s no view from my bedroom window except for some factory chimneys.
从我的卧室往窗外看，除了几个工厂的烟囱外，什么景色都没有。
(3)n. 看，观察，眺望
If you stand here, you’ll get a better view of the procession.
如果你站在这里，你可以比较清楚地看到行进的队伍。
(4)n. 意见，观点，见解
In my view, he is a fool.
我认为他是个傻瓜。
What are your views on free education?
你对义务教育有什么看法？
(5)
view 是scenery的一部分，是从某个地方能看到的景色。
scenery 泛指风景，景色。
scene 指场景，大多包括人和动作在内。
The scenery of the West Lakes is beautiful.
西湖的景色很漂亮。
There’s a fine view of the mountains from our hotel window.
从旅馆的窗子往外看，我们能看到美丽的山景。
It’s a happy scene of children playing in the garden.
孩子们在花园里玩是多么快乐的场面。
同步练习：
一、 单词拼写
1.This is a village of simple _____(泥土) and grass houses built on the beach.
2.The characteristic of the information age is not that manufacturing
industries are _____(稳定地) increasing.
3.That less paper will be used for making paper cards contributes to the
environment ____(保护).
4.They’ll be here soon, _____(同时) let’s have coffee.
5.Though it sounds _____(难以置信的), a rain of fish did actually occur in
1817, at Appin, Scotland.
6.The Great Wall of China is a world famous scenic _____(地点).
7.His bright clothes were hardly _____(合适的) for such a solemn occasion.
8.With whip and spur he _____(催促，迫使) his horse onward.
9.No enemy surrounded by the PLA men could _____(逃脱 ) the valley.
10.Needless to say, this “shower of blood” was not taken lightly by the
_____(害怕的) inhabitants.
11.My brother is fond of biology and he is looking forward to studying
______(生物工程学) after graduation.
12.Three years after he got a ______(硕士) degree, he got a doctor’s degree in
engineering.
13.According to the _____(宪法) of China, all Chinese citizens who have
reached the age of 18 have the right to vote.
14.The social and economic _____(发展) of China has become the focus of world
attention.
15.Without ____(犹豫), the PLA man jumped into the river to
rescue the drowning child.
二、 单项选择
1._____ nonsense the newspapers print, some people always believe it.
A. Whichever B. Whatever C. However D. No matter how
2.What do you think is the most _____ time to find him at home?
A. likely B. probably C. possibly D. correctly
3.The Tourist Bureau have _____ everything for our journey to Rome.
A. fixed B. arranged C. prepared for D. taken
4.Direct taxation is usually based ____ income.
A. on B. / C. by D. with
5.All his efforts ended in ______ failure.
A. / B. the C. his D. a
6.You may ______ on it that he will be early.
A. call B. rely C. settle D. base
7.Mr Green has _____ poems to the “London Magazine” for several years.
A. delivered B. written C. contributed D. sent
8.It ______ that Mr. Green and Miss White will be married in May.
A. has announced B. has been announced
C. has made known D. has been come true
9.A new and practical theory was put _____ at the meeting.
A. forward B. up C. through D. on
10.He drew the curtain aside and opened the window to get a better _____
of the surroundings outside.
A. plan B. see C. view D. shade
11.They _____ some victories despite these difficulties.
A. accomplished B. finished C. came to D. achieved
12.His earlier work ______ his remarkable talent.
A. declared B. announced C. played D. appeared
13.Not until I began to work _____ how much time I had wasted.
A. didn’t realize B. did I realize C.
I didn’t realize D. I realized
14._____ you have mentioned it, I’ll remember to look after your dog when
you go traveling.
A. Before B. If C. Now that D. Until
15._____ your letter, I would have written back two days ago.
A. If I am receiving B. If I must have received
C. Should I receive D. Had I received
三、 短文改错
It is a pleasure for me to write this letter to tell how much 1._______
I enjoyed my stay in your whole family last week. 2.________
That was my first visit to a English family. At first, I was worried about
my
3._________
poor English. And when I saw your wife and children waiting for me 4.________
with warm smile of welcome on their faces, I immediately knew 5._________
that everything would be all right. There are many more happy 6.__________
memories of the week that I will keep with me forever. I particularly 7.__________
enjoyed driving through the countryside with you and saw the changing 8.___________
colors of the leaves on the trees. I also like the 9.__________
fishing trip. It was such much fun. 10.__________
答案与分析
一、
1.mud 2.steadily 3.protection 4.Meanwhile 5.unbelievable
6.spot 7.appropriate 8.urged 9.flee 10.frightened
11.bioengineering 12.master’s 13.Constitution 14.evolution 15.hesitation
二、
1.B whatever=no matter what,这里引导一个让步状语从句。
2.A 这里需要一个形容词，BCD都是副词。
3.B arrange---for--- 为---安排
4.A be based on 以---为基础
5.A failure是抽象名词，前面不加冠词。
6.B rely on 相信，指望
7.C contribute to 向---投稿
8.B it是形式主语，与announce是被动关系。
9.A put forward 提出
10.C get a better view of 更好的看见
11.D achieve victories 取得胜利
12.B announce 宣告，显示，该句意思是“他较早期的作品显示了他出众的才华”。
13.B 该句为not until句型的倒装，将not until这一部分置于句首，主句部分倒装。
14.C now that 引导从句，意思是“既然、由于”，相当于since。
15.D 虚拟语气中条件句省略if用倒装，不倒装则是If I had received。
三、
1.tell后面加you
2.in----with 这里表示同你的家人在一起
3.a----an
4.And----But 这里是转折关系
5.smile----smiles smile是可数名词
6.去掉more
7.正确
8.saw----seeing seeing作enjoy的宾语
9.like---liked
10.such----so 名词前有much修饰用so