高考英语第一轮单元检测
英语学科
第八单元 必修5 Units 2-4
第一部分 听力（略）
第二部分 英语知识运用（共两节，满分35分）
第一节.单项选择（共15题；每小题1分，满分15分）
从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
21. Most animals have little connection with____ animals of_____ different kind unless they kill them for food.
A. the; a B. 不填; a C. the; the D. 不填; the
22. Come and see me whenever_________.
A. you are convenient B. you will be convenient
C. it is convenient to you D. it was convenient at you
23. —Why don’t we take a little break?
— Didn’t we just have_____?
A. it B. that C. one D. this
24. The manager is______; that is to say, the factory is______ him.
A. in charge of; in the charge of B. in the charge of ; in charge of
C. in charge of in charge of D. in the charge of; in the charge of
25. ____ by the beauty of nature, the girl from London decided to spend another day on the farm.
A. Attracting B. Attracted C. To be attracted D. Having attracted
26. It is generally believed that teaching is as_____ it is an science.
A. much as an art B. as much art as C. much an art as D. as art much as
27. ____ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.
A. Lost B. Having lost C. Losing D. To lost
28. The new teacher made a good____ on the students by her rich knowledge and humorous talk.
A. feeling B. effect C. impression D sense
29. All of us _____ of him whether he had heard from Helen recently.
A. required B. demanded C. requested D. asked
30. He ______ himself in collecting stamps.
A. occupies B. takes C. teaches D. finds
31. Seldom ____ after they graduated from university in 1985.
A. they did meet B. did they meet C. they met D. did they met
32. A good reporter must_____ a good story.
A. have a nose for B. take a nose for C. have ears for D. take an eye for
33. It was with great joy _____ he received the news _____ his lost daughter had been found.
A. because; that B. that; because C. that; since D. that; that
34. ----I would never come to this restaurant again. The food is terrible.
----_________.
A. Nor am I B. Neither would I C. Same with me D. So do I
35. He was about to tell me the secret ____ someone patted him on the shoulder.
A. as B. until C. while D. when
第二节 完型填空（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）
A land free from destruction, plus wealth, natural resources, and
labor supply—all these were important 36 in helping England to become the center
for the Industrial Revolution. 37 they were not enough.
Something 38 was needed to start the industrial
process. That "something special" was men— 39 individuals who could invent machines,
find new 40 of power, and establish
business organizations to reshape society.
The men who 41 the machines of the Industrial Revolution
42 from many backgrounds and many
occupations. Many of them were 43 inventors than scientists. A man who is a
44 scientist is primarily interested in
doing his research 45 .He is not necessarily working 46 that his findings can be used.
An inventor
or one interested in applied science is 47 trying to make something that has a
concrete use. He may try to solve a problem by 48 the theories 49 science or by experimenting through trial
and error. Regardless of his method, he is working to obtain a 50
result: the
construction of a harvesting machine, the burning of a light bulb, or one of 51
other objectives.
Most of the
people who 52 the machines of the Industrial Revolution
were inventors, not trained scientists. A few were both scientists and
inventors. Even those who had 53 or no training in science might not have
made their inventions 54 a groundwork had not been laid by
scientists years 55 .
36. A. cases B.
reasons C. factors D. situations
37. A. But B. And C.
Besides D. Even
38. A. else B. near C. extra D. similar
39. A. generating B. effective C.
motivating D. creative
40. A. origins B. sources C. bases D.
discoveries
41. A. employed B. created C. operated D. controlled
42. A. came B.
arrived C. stemmed D. appeared
43. A. less B. better
C. more D. worse
44. A. genuine B. practical C. pure D. clever
45. A.
happily B.
occasionally C. reluctantly D. accurately
46. A. now
B. and C. all
D. so
47. A. seldom B. sometimes C. all D. never
48. A. planning B. using C. idea D. means
49. A. of B. with C. to D. as
50. A. single B. sole C. specialized D. specific
51. A. few B.
those
C. many D. all
52. A. proposed B.
developed C. supplied D. offered
53. A. little B. much C. some D. any
54. A. as B. if
C.
because D. while
55. A. ago B.
past
C. ahead D.
before
第三部分 阅读理解（共20小题，每小题2分，满分40分）
A
Do you know what kind of people give drugs to their children? Do you still know where in the world people take drugs before going to work? The answers are simple—ordinary people, just about everywhere. And the drug in question is caffeine. Scientists estimate that over 90 percent of the world’s population take caffeine daily. Adults drink it in tea and coffee. Children drink it in Coca Cola and similar soft drinks. It is also found in chocolate. As a result, most people in most places across the world at any time are under the influence of the drug.
Not surprisingly there have been many scientific studies into the exact effects of caffeine. Most agree that it stimulates (刺激)the nervous system and helps the body make efficient use of food energy. This is why many people across Asia drink tea with food and why westerners often eat their meals with a cup of coffee. The general result of caffeine is to make people more alert and focused. Unlike alcohol, caffeine does not change your behavior. But it does increase your ability to do things.
Both tea and coffee were introduced to the West around 300 years ago. The effect of these new drinks was felt immediately. In London, coffee houses were filled with people making plans, talking business and doing deals. The coffee houses themselves later developed into London’s financial center. And the deals done in the coffee houses were partly responsible for a rapid increase in British trade. History was moving in that direction anyway. But the arrival of coffee sped everything up.
Smith and White back up their claims with scientific research which shows that frequent use of caffeine causes people to grow new brain cells. They also point to research which shows that people with caffeine in their system perform a range of tasks better than those without it. Without caffeine ,would the human race come so far and so fast?
Caffeine helped the West make a great leap forward a few hundred years ago. In China and Japan, it has been around for far longer than that in the form of tea. It could go back further than people realize. The Japanese tea ceremony might be an example of what anthropologists(人类学家) call “ceremonial chemistry”. This is a practice amongst ancient and primitive peoples of taking mind altering drugs as part of religious festivities.
Tea has around 50% less caffeine in it than coffee, and there are real differences between and coffee drinking cultures. In Britain, the only European tea drinking culture, workers have been known to go on strike to demand a ten-minute tea break in the working day. Tea gives people enough caffeine to help put up with a boring job or help them recover after a hard day. It is something to share with friends. You build relationships over a cup of tea. But you get results with coffee. Coffee gives you that extra dose of caffeine. It is associated with staying up all night to finish a business plan or study for exams.
56.What effect does caffeine NOT have? __ ___.
A. Stimulating the nervous system B. Helping the body make efficient use of food energy
C. Changing people’s behavior D. Increasing people’s ability to do things
57.What sped up history’s the movement in London? ___ ___.
A. The arrival of coffee B. The increase of the number of coffee houses
C. The rapid increase in British trade D. The development of coffee houses into financial centers
58.What is a practice of taking mind altering drugs as part of religious festivities among ancient and primitive peoples? ___ ___.
A. The Japanese tea ceremony B. The long history of coffee in China and Japan
C. Ceremonial chemistry D. Both A and C
59.What can tea NOT result in when drinking tea? __ ___.
A. Putting up with a boring job B. Recovering after a hard day
C. Building relationships over a cup of tea D. Staying up all night to finish a business plan
B
Sports is not only physically challenging, but it can also be mentally challenging. Criticism (批评) from coaches (trainers), parents, and other teammates, as well as pressure to win can create too much anxiety or stress for young athletes. Stress can be physical, emotional(情绪的), or psychological(心理上的), and research has showed that it can lead to burnout. Burnout has been described as dropping or quitting of an activity that was at one time enjoyable.
The early years of development are critical years for learning about oneself. The sport setting is one where valuable experiences can take place. Young athletes can, for example, learn how to cooperate with others, make friends, and gain other social skills that will be used throughout their lives. Coaches and parents should be aware (知道的), at all times, that their feedback (反馈) to youngsters can greatly affect their children. Youngsters may take their parents' and coaches' criticisms to heart and find a flaw (缺陷) in themselves.
Coaches and parents should also be cautious (careful) that youth sport participation(参与) does not become work for children. The outcome of the game should not be more important than the process of learning the sport and other life lessons. In today's youth sport setting, young athletes may be worrying more about who will win instead of enjoying themselves and the sport. Following a game, many parents and coaches focus on (pay more attention to) the outcome(结果) and find fault with youngsters' performances. Positive(肯定的、积极的) reinforcement（强化、补充） should be provided in spite of the outcome. Research shows that positive reinforcement motivates and has a greater effect on learning than criticism. Again, criticism can create high levels of stress(pressure), which can lead to burnout.
60. According to the passage sport is positive for young people in that _____.
A. it can help them learn more about society
B. it teaches them how to set realistic goals for themselves
C. it enables them to find flaws in themselves
D. it can provide them with valuable experiences
61. Many coaches and parents are in the habit of criticizing young athletes ____.
A. without realizing criticism may destroy their self-confidence
B. in order to make them remember life's lessons
C. believing that criticism is beneficial for their early development
D. so as to put more pressure on them
62. According to the passage parents and coaches should ___B__.
A. help children to win every game
B. pay more attention to letting children enjoy sports
C. enable children to understand the positive aspect of sports
D. train children to deal with stress
63. The author's purpose in writing the passage is ______.
A. to persuade young children not to worry about criticism
B. to emphasize the importance of positive reinforcement to children
C. to discuss the skill of combing criticism with encouragement
D. to teach young athletes how to avoid burnout
C
Here is a poster on a middle school website. Read the website poster. Then do Numbers 64 to 67.
Going, Going, Gone!
The Haynes Middle School Parent-Teacher Organization
invites you to attend our latest fund (基金) -raiser.
The Fourth Annual (每年一次的) Haynes School Auction (拍卖)！
Saturday, May 10
6∶00 p.m.—11∶00 p.m. in the school hall
6∶00 p.m.—6∶30 p.m.∶ All items for auction are previewed
6∶30 p.m.—7∶00 p.m.∶ Silent auction begins.
7∶00 p.m.—7∶30 p.m.∶ Highest bidders(出价人) from silent auction are determined.
7∶30 p.m.—11∶00 p.m.∶Main auction begins.
Items up for bid（投标） in the silent auction range in value from $ 5.00 to $ 30.00
Items up for bid in the main auction include the following:
●Airline tickets to a place of your choice
●Weekend getaways（适合度假的地方） at first-class hotels
●Season tickets to the Chicago Bears football game
●$ 50 gift tickets to local gift shops, restaurants, and salons
●Theater tickets to The Merchant of Venice
Don’t miss the boat! Book your tickets today.
Last year, tickets sold out in five days!
Tickets are sold on a first-come, first-served basis $ 15 per person.
All the money from the auction will be given to the Haynes School computer lab.
64.Which of the following is NOT mentioned as being up for bid at the auction?
A. A movie pass to the local cinema. B. A weekend stay at a hotel.
C. A ticket to a restaurant. D. Airline tickets.
65.The more items that are given or bought for auction, .
A. the less money that will be charged for the tickets to the auction
B. the more money that can be raised to support the computer lab
C. the faster the ticket will be sold to the auction
D. the higher the value that will be placed on the items in the silent auction
66.Which of the following is most likely to happen at the year’s auction? .
A. The airline tickets will receive higher bids than any other item.
B. All items up for bid will be sold for at least twice their value.
C. More money will be raised this year than in any other year before.
D. Tickets for the event will be sold out in less than one week.
67.The phrase “first-come, first-served” tells you that .
A. people can buy the tickets on the first day only.
B. the person who is first to arrive will receive a ticket at no charge
C. food and drinks will be served at the auction
D. tickets are sold in the order of who arriver first to buy them
D
In a recently published book, I came across some exercises with interesting names such as fishbone diagrams, lotus flowers and clustering. As I used these exercises in my classes, I noticed that students were interested. They said more and wrote more. They enjoyed expressing their ideas and sharing them in groups. They were no longer passively waiting for the bell , but actively taking part in the lesson. I find that creativity can act as a way to increase participation and improve fluency.
Creativity has become a popular word in recent years. Scholars in arts, psychology, business, education and science are all working to get a deeper understanding of it. Robert J. Stemberg is a creativity specialist and Yale professor of psychology. He defines creativity as “the ability to produce work that is both new (original) and appropriate(applicable to the situation ) ”. this definition is useful, as we want our students to use language in a new way and to use it correctly and properly. Mot scholars say there are two types of creativity: big “C” creativity and small “c” creativity. Big “C” creativity refers to genius level thinking that results in artistic masterpieces and scientific breakthroughs. Small “c” creativity refers to everyday level thinking that can be used in any situation our emphasis is on the latter. While it goes without saying that any of our students could go on to be the next Picasso or Edison, our aim is to help students produce more ideas and use language in a new way.
68. The underlined words “waiting for the bell ” in the first paragraph probably means______.
A. longing for a phone call B. hoping to have a bell
C. expecting the end of the class D. waiting to speak in the class
69. It can be inferred from the passage that the author thinks the exercises in the book were _____.
A. popular B. useful C. scientific D. creative
70. When you use a familiar word in a new way, you are ________.
A creative in the sense of big “C” creativity.
B. creative in the sense of small “c” creativity..
C. not creative in the sense of big “C” creativity..
D. not creative in the sense of small “c” creativity.
71. The main purpose of the passage is to _________.
A. show how useful the book is.
B, explain what creativity
C. discuss how one can be creative
D. tell what reaching aims at
E
Take the case of public education alone. The chief difficulty faced by the schools has been the amazing increase in the number of pupils. This has been caused by the advance of the legal（合法的）age for going into industry and the impossibility of finding a job even when the legal age has been reached. In view of the technological improvements in the last few years, business will require in the future proportionately（均衡的）fewer workers than ever before. The result will be still further raising of the legal age for going into employment, and still further difficulty in finding employment when that age has been gained. If we cannot put our children to work, we must put them in school.
We may also be quite confident that the present trend toward a shorter day and a shorter week will be kept up. We have developed and shall continue to have a new leisure class. Already the public agencies for adult education are swamped（淹没）by the tide that has swept over them since depression（萧条）began. They will be little better off when it is over. Their support must come from the taxpayer.
It is surely too much to hope that these increases in the cost of public education can be borne by the local communities. They cannot care for the present limited and not good enough system. The local communities have failed in their efforts to deal with unemployment. They cannot expect to deal with public education on the scale（规模）on which we must attempt it. The answer to the problem of unemployment has been Federal support. The answer to the problem of public education may have to be much the same, and properly so. If there is one thing in which the citizens of all parts of the country have an interest, it is in the good education of the citizens of all parts of the country. Our income tax now goes in part to keep our neighbors alive. It may have to go in part as well to make our neighbors clever. We are now attempting to save the present generation through Federal support of the extremely poor. Only a people determined to ruin the next generation will refuse such Federal funds（基金）as public education may require.
72. What is the passage mainly about?
A. How to persuade local communities to provide more funds.
B. How to deal with the shortage of funds for public education.
C. How to solve the rising unemployment problem.
D. How to improve the public education system.
73. What is the reason for the increase in the number of students?
A. The requirement of education workers by business.
B. Raising of the legal age for going to work.
C. The trend toward a shorter workday.
D. People’s concern for the future of the next generation.
74. According to the author, the answer to the problem of public education is that the Federal government .
A. should provide Federal funds for public education
B. should demand that local communities provide support
C. should raise taxes to meet the needs of public education
D. should first of all solve the problem of unemployment
75. Why does the author say “Only a people determined to ruin the next generation will refuse such Federal funds as public education may require.”
A. Only by providing enough Federal funds for education can the next generation have a bright future.
B. Citizens of all parts of the country agree that the best way to support education is to use Federal funds.
C. People all over the country should make contributions to education in the interest of the next generation.
D. Education people are determined to use part of the Federal funds to help the poor.
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分45分）
第一节 阅读表达（共5小题；每小题3分，满分15分）
Sailing may seem like a difficult sport, but it really is not hard to learn.
You do not need to be strong. But you do need to be quick. And you need to understand a few basic rules about the wind.
First you must ask yourself, Where is the wind coming from? Is it coming from ahead or behind or from the side?” You must be thinking about this all the time on the boat. The wind direction tells you what to do with the sail.
Let’s start with wind blowing from behind. This means the wind and the boat are going in the same direction. You should let the sail out the way. It should be at a 90(angle to the boat). Then it will catch the wind best.
If the wind is blowing from the side, it is blowing across the boat. In this case, you must let the sail about half way out. It should be at about a 45(angle to the boat). It needs to be out far enough to catch the wind, but it shouldn’t be flapping. It shouldn’t look like a flag on a flagpole. If it is flapping, it is probably out too far, and the boat will slow down.
Sailing into the wind is not possible. If you try, the sails will flap and the boat will stop. You must want to go in that direction. It is possible, but you can’t go in a straight line. You must go___________. This is called tacking. When you are tacking, you should bring your sail in all the way. It should be parallel to the boat. This is the most difficult kind of sailing. It is also the most exciting. You have to watch the sail all the time. The wind may change suddenly. Then you must be ready to change the sail.
These are the basic rules about wind direction. But remember—do not go out alone until you really know what you are doing. Sailboats are fun, but they are not toys.
76. What is the best title of the passage? (Please answer within 10 words)
_______________________________________________
77. Which sentence in the passage can be replaced by the following one?
If you don’t really know what you are doing, you shouldn’t go out alone.
___________________________________________________________________.
78.Please fill in the bland in the sixth paragraph with proper words or phrases to complete the sentence. (Please answer within 10 words)
__________________________________________________________________.
79.Do you like sailing? Why? (Please answer within 30 words)
80.Translate the underlined sentence in the fifth paragraph into Chinese.
_____________________________________________________________________________.
第二节 书面表达（满分30分）
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参考答案:
21-25BCCAB; 26-30.CACAA; 31-35. BADBD
36-40CAADB;41-45BACCD;46-50DCBAD51-55CBABD;
56-59CAAD
60-63DABB
64-67.ABDD;
68-71.CDBB
72-75.BBAA
76. Rules of Sailing
77. But remember—do not go out alone until you really know what you are doing.
78. back and forth
79. No. Sailings are fun and not hard to learn, but they are not toys.
80. 帆要伸得足够远才能吃住风, 但是它不应该摇摆。
One possible version:
Recently a new senior high school, which covers an area of 128 mu, has been built in our city. The school gate faces south. When you enter the school you will see the school building on your right and the school gym on your left, which is very magnificent. The laboratory building is behind the school building and the next is the students’ dormitory in which the students whose homes are far away from the school can live. Behind the gym there are a playground and a swimming pool. Between the sports area and the lab there is a garden with a lot of flowers. The students’ cafeteria is in the corner near the students’ dormitory. When the new term begins, about 8 hundred students will study in this new school.